Unit4BodyLanguage--DiscoverUsefulStructures分層作業(yè)練習(xí)Ⅰ.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Atpresent,______________(face)thetoughtaskofpreventingimportedcasesandresurgenceathome,Chinaismakingitseffortstoovercomedifficultiesindevelopingeconomyandfightingagainstthepandemic.【答案】facing【解析】目前，面對(duì)預(yù)防輸入性病例和國內(nèi)疫情復(fù)發(fā)的艱巨任務(wù)，中國正在努力克服發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和抗擊疫情中的困難。face面對(duì)，邏輯主語為“China”，中國面對(duì)，正在發(fā)生，主動(dòng)，方式狀語表示伴隨的狀態(tài)，face要變成-ing形式，facingScientistshaverespondedby_________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.【答案】noting【解析】科學(xué)家做出回應(yīng)，指出說，饑餓的熊可能正在人類居住區(qū)周圍聚集。note的邏輯主語為科學(xué)家，科學(xué)家指出，為主動(dòng)，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，在賓語by后面作賓語，notingA90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for________(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.【答案】being【解析】一位90歲的老人被授予“年度女士獎(jiǎng)”，因?yàn)槭怯钅觊L的全職員工，目前仍然每周工作40小時(shí)。be的邏輯主語是a90-year-old，主動(dòng)，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，beingWhenwegotacall________(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.【答案】saying【解析】當(dāng)我們接到一個(gè)電話，說她入圍了，我們都以為是個(gè)玩笑。say的邏輯主語是acall，主動(dòng)，與謂語動(dòng)詞got同時(shí)發(fā)生，作后置定語，sayingOnthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,___________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.【答案】listening【解析】在最后一天，我們被邀請(qǐng)去參加一個(gè)私人音樂會(huì)，聽音樂家們演奏，與有趣的當(dāng)?shù)厝艘娒?。listen的邏輯主語為we，主動(dòng)，并列連詞and連接listening和meeting，作方式狀語，表示伴隨的狀態(tài)。(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_________(die)earlybyrunning.【答案】dying【解析】你可能喝酒抽煙超重，而且通過跑步減少早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。die的邏輯主語為you,主動(dòng)，在介詞of后面作賓語，dyingFastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by_________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.【答案】eating【解析】快餐高鹽高油，通過吃更多的快餐，人們會(huì)攝取超過需要的鹽和脂肪。eat的邏輯主語為people，主動(dòng)，與謂語動(dòng)詞get同時(shí)發(fā)生，在介詞by后作賓語，eatingManyChinesebrands,_______________(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.【答案】havingdeveloped【解析】很多中國品牌，歷經(jīng)百年打造自己的聲譽(yù)，正面臨來自現(xiàn)代市場的挑戰(zhàn)。develop的邏輯主語為manyChinesebrands，與邏輯主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，在謂語動(dòng)詞arefacing之前發(fā)生，-ing形式的完成式，havingdevelopedAcityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,__________(reflect)man’sintelligenceandcreativity.【答案】reflecting【解析】一座城市是人類手和腦的產(chǎn)物，反應(yīng)了人類的智慧和創(chuàng)造力。reflect的邏輯主語為acity,與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞is同時(shí)發(fā)生，reflectingLastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople____________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.【答案】watching【解析】昨晚，有數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人們在電視上觀看了開幕式直播。watch的邏輯主語為people,和邏輯主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，作后置定語，watchingHegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_________(lose)thegoodopportunity.【答案】losing【解析】他為面試做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)樗荒苊半U(xiǎn)失去這個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。lose的邏輯主語為he,與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，在risk后面作賓語，risking_______________(finish)herprojectwithdistinction,shewasinvitedbytheschooltospeaktothenewstudents.【答案】Havingfinished【解析】以優(yōu)異的成績完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，她被學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)給新生講話。finish的邏輯主語為she,與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，havingfinished____________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.【答案】Traveling【解析】延絲綢之路旅行是有趣而且有收獲的經(jīng)歷。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做主語，travelingPaststudieshaveshownalinkbetweensleepinglessandweighingmore,butscientistshavehaddifficulty___________(determine)“whichcamefirst,thechickenortheegg？”saysJulieLumengoftheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.【答案】determining【解析】過去的研究表明在睡得少和長得胖之間有聯(lián)系，但是科學(xué)家們很難確定到底是雞生蛋還是蛋生雞。Havedifficultydoingsth，determiningActually,itisquitenormalfortheaverageperson___________(live)inacitytoseethousandsofadseverysingleday.【答案】living【解析】實(shí)際上，對(duì)于一個(gè)住在城里的普通人每天見到成千上萬的廣告是再正常不過的。live的邏輯主語是theaveragepeople，與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，livingTraditionalChineseweddingcustomsmayvaryfromplacetoplaceandtimetotime,buthavebeenholdinganimportantpositioninthelivesofChinesepeople,___________(cause)afar-reachingimpactonthewaytheChineseleadtheirlives.【答案】causing【解析】傳統(tǒng)的中國婚禮因人因地而不同，但是在中國人的生活中占有重要地位，對(duì)中國人的生活方式產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。cause的邏輯主語是Chineseweddingcustoms，與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞vary和havebeenholding...同時(shí)發(fā)生，作目的狀語，causingIcan’thaveyou____________(get)awaywithtellinglies.【答案】getting【解析】我絕不允許你撒謊而不受到懲罰。不允許做某事，can’t/don’thavesbdoingsth____________(notknow)hisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.【答案】Notknowing【解析】不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。Notknow的邏輯主語是I，與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，非謂語的否定式放在非謂語動(dòng)詞的前面，Notknowing____________(notstudy)hislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.【答案】Nothavingstudied【解析】因?yàn)闆]有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他考試不及格。notstudy的邏輯主語為he,與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，否定詞放在非謂語動(dòng)詞的前面，Nothavingstudied____________(show)thelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.【答案】Havingbeenshown【解析】在被帶去看了實(shí)驗(yàn)室之后，我們又被帶去參觀校圖書館。show的邏輯主語是we，與邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，HavingbeenshownⅡ.單項(xiàng)填空從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworldA.making B.makes C.made D.tomake【答案】A【解析】動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示結(jié)果，making2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_______itmoredifficult.A.notmake B.nottomake C.notmaking D.don’tmake【答案】B【解析】新技術(shù)的目的是是生活更便捷，而不是讓生活更困難。動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的，nottomake3.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoctor,______Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.A.read B.reads C.toread D.reading【答案】D【解析】當(dāng)我到家時(shí)，看到門上釘著一個(gè)便條，上面說“對(duì)不起沒見到你，請(qǐng)給我打電話”read的邏輯主語是thepassage,與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，reading4.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.A.expected B.toexpect C.tobeexpecting D.expects【答案】B【解析】我以前與孩子們一起工作過，因此我知道在新工作中期待的是什么。expect的邏輯主語是I，與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，將要發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞不定式，toexpect5.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_______.A.haveitdo B.haveitdone C.havedoneit D.havingitdone【答案】A【解析】電腦只能做會(huì)思考的人類讓它做的事情。do的邏輯主語是it,與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，have使得，havesbdo...6.Cleaningwomaninbigcitiesusuallyget______bythehour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.topay【答案】C【解析】大城市中的清潔女工通常是按小時(shí)付費(fèi)。getpaid7.Hesentmeane-mail,_______togetfurtherinformation.A.hoped B.hoping C.tohope D.hope【答案】B【解析】他發(fā)給我一份郵件，希望能獲得更多信息。hope的邏輯主語為he,與邏輯主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，hoping8.The____boywaslastseen______neartheEastLake.A.missing,playing B.missing,play Cmissed,played Dmissed,toplay【答案】A【解析】失蹤的男孩最后被看到在東湖附近玩。失蹤的，missing，看到某人正在做某事，seesbdoingsth...9.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_______totheparty.havingnotbeeninvited B.nothavinginvitedhavingnotinvited Dnothavingbeeninvited【答案】D【解析】Tony因?yàn)闆]有收到邀請(qǐng)而不開心。Invite的邏輯主語為Tony,與邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，否定詞放在最前面，nothavingbeeninvited10.Heclaimed_______inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreated B.treatingbadly C.tobetreatedbadly D.tohavebeenbadlytreated【答案】D【解析】他聲稱昨天在超市購物時(shí)他受到了不好的對(duì)待。treat的邏輯主語為he,與邏輯主語至今是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，tohavebeenbadlytreated11.Sheaskedmetohelpher,_____thatshecouldn’tmovetheheavysuitcasealone.A.onlytorealize B.realizing C.havingbeenrealizedD.realized【答案】B【解析】她讓我?guī)退庾R(shí)到她自己搬不動(dòng)那么重的箱子。realize的邏輯主語為she,與邏輯主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，realizing12.—Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.—Don’tyouremember______methestoryyesterday?told B.telling C.totell D.tohavetold【答案】B【解析】記得做過某事，rememberdoing...13._____areplyhedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.Receiving C.Nothavingreceived D.Havingnotreceived【答案】C【解析】沒有收到回復(fù)他決定再寫一次信。receive的邏輯主語是he，與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，自謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，否定詞放在前面，Nothavingreceived14.—Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?—______enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.Get B.Getting C.Toget D.Tobegoing【答案】C【解析】為了讓你獲得從租的蛋白質(zhì)和營養(yǎng)，動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的，toget15.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_____.A.20dollarsremained B.20dollarstoremain C.remained20dollars D.remaining20dollars【答案】D【解析】這位女士說她會(huì)用剩下的20塊錢給她的女兒買一件禮物。剩下的，remaining放在名詞前，left放在名詞后，剩下的20塊錢：theremaining20dollars/the20dollarsleft16.Willthose____thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?A.teaching B.teach C.whoteaches D.whoteaching【答案】A【解析】教外國學(xué)生的老師要到校長辦公室嗎？主動(dòng)，teaching/whoteach17._____moretime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.Havinggiven B.Togive C.Giving D.Given【答案】D【解析】如果被給與更多的時(shí)間，他會(huì)成為一名一流的網(wǎng)球選手。Give的邏輯主語是he，與邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，只有D為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。18.HewenttoAmerican_____someEnglishaswellas____.A.learning,totravel B.learning,traveling C.tolearn,travelD.tolearn,totravel【答案】D【解析】他去美國，去學(xué)英語及旅游。動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。19.“Canyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrily C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing【答案】A【解析】你難道看不見嗎？Mary生氣地說，同時(shí)指著通知。point的邏輯主語為Mary，與邏輯主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。angrilypointing20.Thewallsoftheroomsaresaid___whiteinnotime.A.tobepainted B.painted C.topaintD.havingbeenpainted【答案】A【解析】房間的墻據(jù)說不就就會(huì)粉刷。Paint的邏輯主語是thewalls，與邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，還沒有發(fā)生，tobepaintedⅢ.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2023全國高考北京卷）It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.1WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.2Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.3Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.4Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult？Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.5Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【答案】1.D2.F3.G4.B5.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何選擇高校提供了一些建議?！?題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(對(duì)于美國的學(xué)生和他們的家人來說，這是一年中既快樂又緊張的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樗麄円獩Q定去哪里上大學(xué)。家庭經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)來幫助做決定。)”可知，美國的學(xué)生和家人們在決定去哪兒上大學(xué)時(shí)，經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)。而根據(jù)下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”可推斷出，本文主要講述的是排名方面出現(xiàn)的問題。選項(xiàng)D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素：教學(xué)質(zhì)量。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出大學(xué)排名存在的問題；而根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容也可以推斷，排名中存在的問題是教學(xué)質(zhì)量被忽略。故選D?！?題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作為一名研究高等教育的學(xué)者，當(dāng)我與一些家庭交談時(shí)，他們常常驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)水平并沒有被納入排名。)”可知，大學(xué)排名中優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)水平并沒有被納入排名讓人們覺得很驚訝。選項(xiàng)F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.(更讓他們驚訝的是，大學(xué)竟然低估了教學(xué)的價(jià)值。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的都是大學(xué)排名忽略教學(xué)質(zhì)量。其中“moresurprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故選F?！?題詳解】空前內(nèi)容“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”以及空后內(nèi)容“Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.(考慮到高質(zhì)量教學(xué)與學(xué)生成功之間的聯(lián)系，排名中沒有優(yōu)秀教學(xué)令人驚訝。優(yōu)質(zhì)教學(xué)是衡量大學(xué)成績的最重要因素之一。)”講述的都是大學(xué)排名中沒有考慮到教學(xué)。選項(xiàng)G“Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.(事實(shí)上，大學(xué)經(jīng)常把重點(diǎn)從教學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他排名因素上。)”與上下文內(nèi)容相一致，故選G。【4題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中對(duì)教學(xué)重視程度較低的一個(gè)原因。管理者通常不會(huì)將卓越的教學(xué)視為增加入學(xué)率或資金的一種方式。)”可知，上文分析了教學(xué)不被納入排名的原因，該空應(yīng)該講其后果。選項(xiàng)B“Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.(因此，它在招聘或晉升中不受重視。)”是上文內(nèi)容的延續(xù)，正因?yàn)楣芾砣藛T通常不把卓越的教學(xué)視為增加入學(xué)率或增加資金的一種方式，所以教學(xué)在招聘和晉升中不受重視。故選B。【5題詳解】根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.(盡管如此，在擁有高質(zhì)量教學(xué)的學(xué)校獲得更多資源、更高排名和增加入學(xué)人數(shù)之前，不會(huì)有太大變化。從長遠(yuǎn)來看，大學(xué)、學(xué)校排名組織和其他機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該努力使教學(xué)成為使命的一個(gè)有價(jià)值的核心部分。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為想要強(qiáng)調(diào)教學(xué)質(zhì)量還需要更多努力。根據(jù)“Nevertheless”可知，空處內(nèi)容和下文內(nèi)容存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C“Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.(高質(zhì)量的教學(xué)一直是建立聲譽(yù)的重要因素。)”強(qiáng)調(diào)了高質(zhì)量教學(xué)的重要性，而下文則話題一轉(zhuǎn)，指出了高質(zhì)量教學(xué)的難處。故選C。Ⅳ.閱讀理解（2023·河北滄州·滄州市第二中學(xué)校聯(lián)考三模）Fromorderingfoodtobuyinganewbooktomakingacharitabledonation,moreandmoredecisionsthatusedtobemadeonpaperarenowbeingmadeondigitaldevicesliketablets,phones,andcomputers.Andthistrendtowardsdigitalizationhasmanyadvantages,inparticularwhenitcomestoefficiencyandsustainability—butcoulditalsobenegativelyinfluencinghowwemakedecisions?Weconductedaseriesofstudieswithmorethan2,500participantsacrosstheU.S.andChinatoexploretheimpactofthemediumyouusetomakeadecision,withaparticularfocusondecisionswithsomesortofmoralcomponent,suchaswhetherornottomakeadonationtoacharity,orwhethertochooseahealthyorunhealthyentrée(主菜)atarestaurant.Weaskedtheparticipantstomakeavarietyofthesesortsofchoicesusingeitherapaperformoradigitaltablet,anddespitecontrollingforallothervariables(變量),weconsistentlyfoundthatpeoplewhousedpapermademoremoraldecisionsthanthosewhousedadigitaldevice:Forexample,participantswhoreadtheirchoicesandmadeaselectiononpaperweresignificantlymorelikelytogivemoneytocharity,chooseahealthyentree,andoptforaneducationalbookratherthansomethingmoreentertaining.Whymightthisbe?Ourresearchsuggeststhatthekeymechanismdrivingthiseffectishow“real”thedecisionfeels.Weaskedparticipantsintwoofourstudiestodescribehowrealadecisionfelt,aswellastheextenttowhichtheybelievedthedecisionasrepresentingwhotheywereaspeople,andtheyconsistentlyindicatedthatmakingachoiceonpaperfeltmorerealandrepresentativethanmakingthesamedecisiononadigitaldevice.Itmayseemlikeaminordetail,butourresearchshowsthatthemediumwithwhichyourcustomers,employees,orcommunitymembersmakeadecisioncanhaveamajorimpactonthechoicestheymake.Thishasimplications(暗示)formarketers,policymakers,andanyoneseekingtoencourageanysortofvirtuousbehaviour.Forexample,toencouragecustomerstochoosehealthieroptions,restaurantsmightconsideroptingforpaperratherthandigitalmenus.Similarly,parentsandeducatorsmightopttoprovidestudentswithpaperratherthanonlinebookorderforms,toincreasethechancesthatthey’llchooseeducationalreadingmaterials.1．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudies?A．TheparticipantsareallfromAmerica.B．Theparticipantsaredividedintothreegroups.C．Thestudiespayspecialattentiontodecisionswithmoralcomponent.D．Thestudiesprovetheefficiencyandavailabilityofthedigitaldevice.2．Whatmainmechanismisresponsibleforthiseffectmentionedinthetext?A．Theawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.B．People’sobjectiontotrendtowardsdigitalization.C．Therealfeelingcausedbymakingdecisionsonpaper.D．People’scareabouttheiridentitywhenmakingdecisionsonpaper.3．Whatcanweinferabouttheresearchfindingfromthelastparagraph?A．Ithaspracticalvalue. B．Itneedsimprovement.C．Itcanstandthetestoftime. D．Itmakessenseineverysituation.4．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Penandpaperwillneverbereplaced.B．Weencourageeveryonetomakearesponsiblechoice.C．Wemakemoremoralchoiceswhenusingpenandpaper.D．Educationalreadingmaterialsshouldbeprovidedintheformofpaper.【答案】1．C2．C3．A4．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了數(shù)字化趨勢對(duì)人們決策的影響。作者進(jìn)行了一系列研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)使用紙質(zhì)表格做出的決策比使用數(shù)字設(shè)備做出的決策更具有道德性。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Weconductedaseriesofstudieswithmorethan2,500participantsacrosstheU.S.andChinatoexploretheimpactofthemediumyouusetomakeadecision,withaparticularfocusondecisionswithsomesortofmoralcomponent,suchaswhetherornottomakeadonationtoacharity,orwhethertochooseahealthyorunhealthyentrée(主菜)atarestaurant.(我們對(duì)美國和中國的2500多名參與者進(jìn)行了一系列研究，以探索你用來做決定的媒介的影響，特別關(guān)注帶有某種道德成分的決定，比如是否向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐款，或者在餐館里選擇健康或不健康的主菜。)”可知，這些研究特別關(guān)注帶有道德成分的決定。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Ourresearchsuggeststhatthekeymechanismdrivingthiseffectishow“real”thedecisionfeels.(我們的研究表明，驅(qū)動(dòng)這種效應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵機(jī)制是決定給人的“真實(shí)”感覺。)”和“…makingachoiceonpaperfeltmorerealandrepresentativethanmakingthesamedecisiononadigitaldevice.(……在紙上做出選擇比在數(shù)字設(shè)備上做出同樣的決定更真實(shí)、更有代表性。)”可知，紙上決策帶來的真實(shí)感受是造成這種效果的原因。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thishasimplications(暗示)formarketers,policymakers,andanyoneseekingtoencourageanysortofvirtuousbehaviour.Forexample,toencouragecustomerstochoosehealthieroptions,restaurantsmightconsideroptingforpaperratherthandigitalmenus.Similarly,parentsandeducatorsmightopttoprovidestudentswithpaperratherthanonlinebookorderforms,toincreasethechancesthatthey’llchooseeducationalreadingmaterials.(這對(duì)市場營銷人員、政策制定者和任何試圖鼓勵(lì)任何良性行為的人都有啟示。例如，為了鼓勵(lì)顧客選擇更健康的食物，餐館可能會(huì)考慮選擇紙質(zhì)菜單而不是電子菜單。同樣，家長和教育工作者可能會(huì)選擇向?qū)W生提供紙質(zhì)而非在線圖書訂購表，以增加他們選擇教育讀物的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，研究結(jié)果具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。故選A。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Weaskedtheparticipantstomakeavarietyofthesesortsofchoicesusingeitherapaperformoradigitaltablet,anddespitecontrollingforallothervariables(變量),weconsistentlyfoundthatpeoplewhousedpapermademoremoraldecisionsthanthosewhousedadigitaldevice(我們要求參與者使用紙質(zhì)表格或數(shù)字平板電腦做出各種各樣的選擇，盡管控制了所有其他變量，但我們一致發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用紙質(zhì)表格的人比使用數(shù)字設(shè)備的人做出更多的道德決定)”和全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了數(shù)字化趨勢對(duì)人們決策的影響。作者進(jìn)行了一系列研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)使用紙質(zhì)表格做出的決策比使用數(shù)字設(shè)備做出的決策更具有道德性。由此可知，C項(xiàng)：Wemakemoremoralchoiceswhenusingpenandpaper.(當(dāng)我們用筆和紙時(shí)，我們會(huì)做出更多的道德選擇。)是文章的主旨大意。故選C。（2023·山東淄博·校聯(lián)考二模）Inthethreateningtroubleofclimatechange,growingcommercialcropsonsolarfarmsisapotentiallyefficientuseofagriculturallandthatcanbothincreasecommercialfoodproductionandimprovesolarpanelperformanceandlongevity(壽命),accordingtoanewCornellresearch.“Wenowhave,forthefirsttime,aphysics-basedtooltoestimatethecostsandbenefitsofco-locatingsolarpanelsandcommercialagricultureintermsofincreasedpowerconversionefficiencyandsolar-panellongevity,”saidleadauthorHenryWilliams,adoctoralstudentinCornellEngineering.“Thereispotentialforagrivoltaic(農(nóng)業(yè)光伏)systems-whereagricultureandsolarpanelscoexist-toprovideincreasedpassivecoolingthroughtallerpanelheights,morereflectivegroundcoverandhigherevapotranspiration(蒸散)ratescomparedtotraditionalsolarfarms,”saidMaxZhang,professorintheSibleySchoolofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,“Wecangeneraterenewableelectricityandconservefarmlandthroughagrivoltaicsystems.”InNewYork,forexample,about40%ofsolarfarmcapacityhasbeendevelopedonagriculturallands,whileabout84%oflandsuitableforsolardevelopmentisagricultural,accordingtoapreviousresearchstudyfromZhang’sgroup.Theengineersshowedthatsolarpanelsmountedovervegetationrevealsurfacetemperaturedropscomparedtothosebuiltoverbareground.Solarpanelsweremounted4metersaboveacottoncropandthesolarpanelsshowedtemperaturereductionsbyupto10degreesCelsius,comparedwiththosemountedahalf-meterabovebaresoil.“Asyoudecreasethesolarpaneloperatingtemperature,youcanincreaseefficiencyandimprovethelongevityofyoursolarpanels,”saidWilliams,“We’reshowingdoublebenefits.Ononehand,youhavefoodproductionforfarmers,andontheotherhand,we’veshownimprovedlongevityandimprovedconversionefficiencyforsolardevelopers.”“Uptothispoint,mostofthebenefitsfromagrivoltaicsystemshavebeenaroundareaswithabundantsunshine,”saidZhang,“ThisresearchistakingasteptowardevaluatingtheapplicationofagrivoltaicsinclimatesrepresentativeoftheNortheasternU.S.inrelaxingtheland-usecompetitionitfaces.”5．WhatdoesthenewCornellresearchconvey?A．Growingcommercialcropscanrelieveclimatechange.B．It’scostlytoimprovesolarpanelperformanceandlongevity.C．Commercialagriculturecanincreasepowerconversionefficiency.D．Thecoexistenceofsolarpanelsandcommercialcropsismutuallybeneficial.6．Whydoestheauthorlistthefiguresinparagraph3?A．Toshowthepromisingfutureofagrivoltaics.B．ToindicatethelackofsolarfarmsinNewYork.C．Totellagriculturallandsarebasedonsolarfarms.D．Todemonst