岳陽樓記??作者：范仲淹????原文：??慶歷四年春，滕子京謫守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百廢具興。乃重修岳陽樓，增其舊制，刻唐賢今人詩賦于其上。屬予作文以記之。予觀夫巴陵勝狀，在洞庭一湖。銜遠山，吞長江，浩浩湯湯，橫無際涯；朝暉夕陰，氣象萬千。此則岳陽樓之大觀也，前人之述備矣。然則北通巫峽，南極瀟湘，遷客騷人，多會于此，覽物之情，得無異乎？若夫霪雨霏霏，連月不開，陰風怒號，濁浪排空；日星隱曜，山岳潛形；商旅不行，檣傾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎嘯猿啼。登斯樓也，則有去國懷鄉(xiāng)，憂讒畏譏，滿目蕭然，感極而悲者矣。至若春和景明，波瀾不驚，上下天光，一碧萬頃；沙鷗翔集，錦鱗游泳；岸芷汀蘭，郁郁青青。而或長煙一空，皓月千里，浮光躍金，靜影沉璧，漁歌互答，此樂何極！登斯樓也，則有心曠神怡，寵辱偕忘，把酒臨風，其喜洋洋者矣。嗟夫！予嘗求古仁人之心，或異二者之為，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲；居廟堂之高則憂其民；處江湖之遠則憂其君。是進亦憂，退亦憂。然則何時而樂耶？其必曰“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂”乎？噫！微斯人，吾誰與歸？時六年九月十五日。??現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯：??慶歷四年的春天，滕子京被貶官到巴陵郡做知州。到了第二年，政事順利，百姓和樂，各種荒廢的事業(yè)都興辦起來了。于是（他）就重新修建岳陽樓，擴大它原來的規(guī)模，在上面鐫刻了唐代名家和當代人的詩賦。囑托我寫一篇文章來記述這件事。我看那巴陵郡的美好景色，全在這洞庭湖上。它連接著遠處的山巒，吞吐著長江的水流，水勢浩大，寬闊無邊；清晨陽光燦爛，傍晚暮色蒼茫，景象千變?nèi)f化。這就是岳陽樓的雄偉景象，前人的記述已經(jīng)很詳盡了。然而這里向北可通到巫峽，往南可直到瀟水和湘水，被降職遠調(diào)的官吏和失意詩人，大多在這里聚會，（他們）觀賞自然景物而觸發(fā)的感情，怎能不有所不同呢？像那連綿不斷的雨絲密集落下，一連幾個月不晴天，陰冷的風怒號著，渾濁的浪濤直沖向天空；太陽和星星隱藏了光輝，山峰潛藏了形跡；商人和旅客無法通行，船桅傾倒，船槳折斷；傍晚天色昏暗，傳來老虎的長嘯和猿猴的哀啼。這時登上這座樓，就會產(chǎn)生離開國都、懷念家鄉(xiāng)，擔心（人家）說壞話，懼怕（人家）譏諷的心情，滿眼是蕭條的景象，感慨萬分而十分悲傷了。至于春風和煦、陽光明媚（的時候），湖面平靜，波平浪靜，天色湖光相接，一片碧綠，廣闊無際；沙洲上的鷗鳥時而飛翔，時而停歇，美麗的魚兒在湖中游來游去；岸邊的香草和小洲上的蘭花，香氣濃郁，顏色青蔥。有時大片的煙霧完全消散，皎潔的月光照耀千里，湖面上閃耀著金色的光芒，靜靜的月影像沉入水中的玉璧，漁夫的歌聲此唱彼和，這種樂趣真是無窮無盡！這時登上這座樓，就會感到心胸開闊，精神愉快，光榮和屈辱全都忘了，端著酒杯迎著清風，那真是快樂高興極了。唉！我曾經(jīng)探求過古代品德高尚的人的思想，或許不同于以上兩種心情，為什么呢？（是因為）他們不因外物的美好而喜悅，也不因個人的失意而悲傷；在朝廷的高位上任職，就為他的人民憂慮；處在偏遠的江湖之間，就為他的君主憂慮。這樣（他們）進身朝廷也憂慮，退處江湖也憂慮。那么他們什么時候才會感到快樂呢？那一定會說：“在天下人憂愁之前就憂愁，在天下人快樂之后才快樂”吧？唉！如果沒有這樣的人，我同誰一道呢？（寫于）慶歷六年九月十五日。??EnglishTranslation:????RecordoftheYueyangTower????byFanZhongyan??InthespringofthefourthyearoftheQingliperiod,TengZijingwasdemotedtobethegovernorofBalingPrefecture.Thenextyear,thegovernmentbecameefficient,peoplelivedinharmony,andallabandonedenterpriseswererevitalized.ThentheYueyangTowerwasrenovated,enlargingitsoriginalstructurewithinscriptionsofpoemsandprosewrittenbytherenownedTangpoetsandeminentcontemporaryscholars.Iwasaskedtowriteacommemorativerecordofthis.IobservethatallthefinesceneryofBalingisconcentratedattheLakeDongting.HuggingdistantmountainsandswallowingtheYangtzeRiver,itisanexpanseofwaterstretchingasfarastheeyecansee,magnificentlysplendid.Dawnbringssunshine,duskgloom,andthescenerychangesinathousandways.SuchisthegrandeuroftheYueyangTower,andpreviousdescriptionsofithavebeenadequate.However,itservesasapassagewaytoWuGorgeinthenorthandlinkstheXiaoandXiangriverstothesouth.Demotedofficialsandwanderingpoetsoftengatherhere.Theymayreactdifferentlytothescenerytheyenjoy.Take,forinstance,atimeofincessantrainfallinginsheets,withwindshowlinginthegloom,churningupturbidwavesagainstthesky;thesunandstarshidtheirlightandthemountainsandhillsvanishedfromsight.Merchantswereunabletoadvanceontheirjourneys,withsailsfallenandoarsbroken;asdaydeclinedtowardsevening,tigersroaredandmonkeyswailed.Ascendingthetoweratsuchatime,onefeelsanintenselongingforhomeandfearofslanderandvilification;everythingaroundlooksdrearyanddesolate,andoneisoverwhelmedwithmelancholyandsadness.Ortakeanearlyspringwhentheweatherismildandthesunbright;thelakeiscalmandsmoothwithoutwavestossing;theazureskyaboveandthebluewatersbelowmergeseamlessly.Gullscircleinflocks,bright-scaledfishswiminthewater,irisesandorchidsgrowfragrantandluxuriantonthebanksandislands.Andwhenthemistthathangsoverthelakeclearsafterthenight,thebrightmooncastsitsbeamsformilesaround,shininglikegoldontheundulatingsurface;themoon’sreflectionislikeapieceofjadeimmersedinthewater.Thefishermen’ssongsechoeachother.Howendlessissuchhappiness!Ascendingthetoweratsuchatime,onefeelshisheartexpandandhisspiritrefreshed,obliviousofanygloryorhumiliationwhatsoever.Raisinghiswinecuptothebreeze,hecanfeelnothingbutecstasy.Alas!Ihavesoughtthesentimentsoftheancientmenofvirtue,whowereperhapsunlikethetwokindsofpeopleIdescribed.Why?Itisbecausetheywerenotthrownintoecstasiesoverexternalgains,norfeltdepressedovertheirpersonallosses.Whenholdinghighpostsintheimperialcourt,theywereconcernedaboutthecommonpeople;whendwellingfarawayfromthecourt,theywereconcernedabouttheirsovereign.Thustheyworriedwhenfavouredorslighted.Inthatcase,whenshould