DevelopmentbyDefinitionAdefinitionistheenclosingofawildernessofideaswithinawallofwords.Warm-upActivityWhat’sthedefinitionof“pride”inadictionary?Is“pride”apositiveornegativeconception?Whatdoyouthinkoftheconceptof“pride”?Canyoucitesomeexamples?Whatcanyouconcludeabout“pride”?DefinitionSample1Atornadomaybeidentifiedasastrongdangerouswindwhichformsitselfintoanupside-downspinningconeandisabletodestroybuildingsasitmovesacrosstheground.Arainforestisaforestinatropicalareawhichreceivesalotofrain.TermClassCharacteristicstornadorainforestwindforestupside-down,spinningcone,highlydestructivetropicalarea,lostofrainSummaryThreebasicelements:A.thetermtobedefinedB.theclassthetermbelongstoC.thecharacteristicsofthetermAnalyticalorformaldefinition(dictionary-baseddefinition)Simpledefinition(synonyms)Sample2(extendeddefinition)para.AWhatexactlyistornado?Atornadoisusuallybrewedonahot,stickydaywithsouthwindsandanominoussky.Fromthebaseofathundercloudafunnel-shapedcloudextendsaviolentlytwistingspouttowardtheearth.Asitsucksinmattersinitspath,thetwistermayturnblack,brownoroccasionallyevenwhite(oversnow).Themovingcloudshowsanalmostcontinuousdisplayofsheetlightning.Thefunnelisveryslender:itswakeofviolencegenerallyaveragesnomorethan400yardswide.Asthetornadoapproaches,itissignaledbyaroarofhundredsofjetplanesorthousandsofrailroadscars.Itspathisapathoftotaldestruction.Buildingsliterallyexplodeastheyaresuckedinbythetornado’spowerfulwhirlingwinds.Theamountofdamagedependsmainlyonwhetherthestormhappenstohitpopulatedareas.Thetornado’slifetimeisasbriefasitisviolent.Withinafewtensofmilesitspendsitsforceandsuddenlydisappears.Inshort,itisaparticularkindofwhirling,highlydestructivewindstorm.

Qs:1.Doesthepara.mainlypersuadeorinform?2.CompletethefollowingoutlineTornadosusuallyoccur(when)looklike(shape)maybeaccompaniedbymayturn(color)maysoundmaycause(result)maylast(duration)Tornadoscanbedefinedas3.Howisthedefinitiondevelopedinthepara.?Pleasepointoutthemethods.Para.B(1)arainforest,asthetermsuggests,isakindofwoodedarea,subjecttousuallyheavyandfrequentrains.(2)foundonlyinthetropicalorsubtropicalregionsoftheCaribbean,Brazil,Africa,andAsia,rainforestscontainagreatvarietyoftreesincludingbamboo,palm,cedar,ebony,calabash,andwhitewood.(3)manyofthesetreesgrowtoaheightofmorethanahundredfeet,withdensecanopiesorcrownscharacteristicallyformingthreedistinguishablestories.(4)althoughgroundfloraissparse,climbersofallkindsabound,andoftenexoticflowersappearinconspicuouslyinthedenseforest.(5)thisluxuriantgrowthresultsfromanannualrainfallinexcessofninetyinches,withnodryseason.(6)arainforestofspectacularbeautyisE1Yunquerainforest–averagerainfall80inchesperyear.(7)itisfilledwithlush,tropicalgreenery,millionsoftinywildorchids,thirty-footferns,andhundredsofvarietiesoftreesandplants,allgrowinginnativesplendor.Qs:1.Theterm“rainforest”definedinthispara.isacompoundoftwofamiliarwords.Howaretheideasrepresentedbythetermexpandedinthesecondpartofsentence1?2.Whichpartofthecompoundtermisdevelopedinsentences2,3and4?Howisthedevelopmentaccomplished?3.Doessentence5dealwiththesamepartofthecompoundtermassentences2,3and4?4.Thefirstfivesentencesoftheparagraphdescribesomeofthegeneralcharacteristicsofarainforest.Whatdosentences6and7describs?Sample3ParaALuckreferstomomentsofgoodfortunethathappenineverydaylife.Luckisputting$0.75intoavendingmachineandgettingthemoneybackwithyoursnacks.Itisateacher’sdecisiontogivearetestonatestwhereyoufirstscoredthirty.Itisnotgoingtothedentistfortwoyearsandthengoingandfindingoutthatyoudonothaveanycavities.Itiscallingupaplumbertofixaleakonadaywhentheplumberhasnootherworktodo.Luckisfindingausedcarforsaleatagoodpriceatexactlythetimewhenyourcarrollsitslastmile.Itisdrivingintoatrafficbottleneckandchoosingthelanethatwindsupmovingmostrapidly.Luckisbeinglateforworkonadaywhenyourbossarriveslaterthanyoudo.Itishavinganewcheckoutaisleatthesupermarketopenupjustasyourcartarrives.ThebestkindofluckiswinninganewcolorTVsetonachanceforwhichyoupaidonlyaquarter.Howistheterm“l(fā)uck”defined?Whatorder(time,space,emphatic)doesthispara.follow?Para.BSomepeoplebelievethatitisgoodtobeanextremistinsomeareas,butthosepeopleareactuallychangingthemeaningtheword.AccordingtotheRandomHouseDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,thewordextremeitselfmeans“excessivelybiasedideas,intemperateconduct.”Theextremistgoestoofarinwhateverthepersonisdoing.Itisgoodtobeenthusiasticallyandsincerelyinlove,butextremistsloveexcessivelyandintemperately.Peoplewholovewellmaybetenderandsensitiveandattentive,butextremistsarepossessiveorsmothering.Thesamecanbesaidofpatriotism.Goodpatriotslovetheircountry,butextremepatriotslovetheircountrysomuchthattheythinkcitizensthattheylosetheirsenseofbalance.Theymaybeginwithagoodobjective,buttheyfocusonitsomuchthattheycanbecomedestructive,nasty,andoftenpitiful.Theworsteffectisthattheseextremistslosetheircompletenessashumanbeings.Qs:Isthepurposeofthepara.Mainlytopersuadeortoinform?Whatarethesesentencesthatofferdefinition?Finishthefollowingoutline.Topicsentence:Goodpeopleinlove:Extremistsinlove:Goodpatriots:Extremepatriots:Resultofgoingextreme:4.Thendiscusshowthepara.Developitsdefinition.Canyouclassifythemintomajor(e.g.process…)andminor(e.g.dictionary-baseddefinition…)methods?5.Canyouwriteone-sentencedefinitionofthesubjectandcompareyourswiththesamplepara.?Sample2Sample3SimilarityDifferencesTermsdefinedConcretesubjectsAbstractsubjectsPurposeBothintendedtoinformPara.A:explainPara.B:persuadePrincipletechniquesusedPara.A:Para.B:

Para.A:Para.B:Extendeddefinitionprocess,descriptionexemplification,descriptionsimpleexplanation,exemplificationexemplificationcontrastSummaryDefinition:a.Simpledefinitiontheterm+class+differentiatingcharacteristicse.g.Atornadoisusuallybrewedonahot,stickydaywithsouthwindsandanominousskyb.ExtendeddefinitionTheorganizationofthemeaningofaconceptbeyondthelimitsofthesimpledefinitionExtendedDefintionSupportingdetails1.additionalinformationa.physicalfeaturesb.functionsc.behavioralcharacteristicsd.symptoms