浙江首考2025年1月普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

一、聽力選擇題

1．Whatdoesthemanplantodo?

A．Lookforajob.B．Movetoanewplace.C．Rearrangethefurniture.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Whatarealltheseboxesfor?

M:I’mlookingforanewapartment.

W:Why?

M:Well,justforachange.Andtherentistoohigh.

2．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A．Anewbook.B．Amorningpaper.C．AnAfricanteacher.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Wow,Jennifergothernewbookpublishedlastmonth.Ilearneditfromthemorningpapertoday.

M:Yes,Iknow,it’sbasedonherteachingexperienceinAfricalastyear.

3．Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?

A．Regretful.B．Anxious.C．Confused.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Jim.HaveyouseenBob?

M:Notsinceheleftmyofficeanhourago.Why?

W:He’ssupposedtobeattheairportnowtopickupMrAnderson,buthe’snowheretobefound.

4．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A．Inarestaurant.B．Inapolicestation.C．Inacar.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Slowdownabit,John,keepitunder65wedon’twanttobepulledoverbythepolice.

M:Okay.Ijustwantedtogettotheservicestationsooner.I’mkindofhungry.

5．Whatisthemangoingtodotomorrow?

A．Paythebill.B．Checkthemailbox.C．Fixthegascooker.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Ifoundthegasbillinthemailbox.

M:Howmuchisit?

W:Aboutahundredandfifty?Oh,itwasduelastFriday.

M:Don’tworry,I’lltakecareofittomorrow.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

6．WhatdoesStevethinkofhistraining?

A．Disappointing.B．Acceptable.C．Excellent.

7．HowlongdoesStevetraineachday?

A．Threehours.B．Fivehours.C．Tenhours.

【答案】6．C7．B

【解析】W:Hello,Steve,howisyourtraininggoing?

M:Great.MycoachhasareallygoodswimprogramformeandIthinkI’minfirstclasscondition.

W:Doyouhavetogetupveryearly?

M:Well,Idon’tliketrainingearlyinthemorning,soIstartat10.

W:Isee.Whataboutlunchthen?

M:Idon’thavelunch.Lunchmakesmesleepy.Itrainallthroughthedayuntilthree.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

8．WhatdoesMarksayaboutlivedrawing?

A．It’senjoyable.B．It’sstressful.C．It’screative.

9．WhatisthenewthingthatMarkwantstodrawon?

A．Magazines.B．Diaries.C．Maps.

10．WheredoMark’sinspirationscomefrom?

A．Hisdreams.B．Hisparents.C．Histravels.

【答案】8．A9．B10．C

【解析】W:Goodeveningeveryone,I’mFionawithustonightisMark,afamouslocalartist.Thanksforjoiningus.Mark.

M:ThankyouFiona.

W:Haveyoudonelivedrawingbefore?Istheremorepressuretodrawinfrontofanaudience?

M:Yes,Ihavedonelivedrawingbefore.It’salwaysfun.Ioftendrawpicturesinpubsandpeoplealwayscomeoverfora

lookandachat.

W:Iknowthatyou’vedrawnpicturesonmanythings,includingmapsandthecoversofbooksandmagazines.What’s

somethingyouhaven’tdrawnonyetbutreallywantto?

M:I’dliketodrawonpersonaldiariespeoplehavekeptovertheyearsanddrawtheowneronit.

W:Fantastic.Couldyoualsotelluswhereyourinspirationscomefrom?

M:MostarefromthepeopleI’vemetandtalkedtowhenIwastravelling.Ialwaysdreamedoftravelingaroundtheworld

andcreatingaseriesofdrawingsaboutdifferentcitiesintheworld.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

11．Whatpositionisthemaninterestedin?

A．Windowcleaner.B．Shopassistant.C．Fitnesscoach.

12．Whatwillbeprovidedforthejob?

A．Acompanycar.B．Asmartphone.C．Avideorecorder.

13．Whatisneededtodothejob?

A．Computerskills.B．Physicalstrength.C．Workexperience.

【答案】11．A12．A13．B

【解析】W:Hellomissuscar’scommercialcleaning.MayIhelpyou?

M:Yes,I’mcallingtoaskaboutthecleanerposition.Isitstillavailable?

W:Yes,itis.WemainlyworkwithsmallstoresintheareaandthejobistocleanthestorefrontWindows.

M:Iknowyousaidthatinthead.DoIneedworkexperience?

W:No,weofferonthejob.Paidtrainingasacompanycarisprovided.Youmusthaveadriver’slicenseandagooddriving

record.Youalsoneedtohaveasmartphoneforcommunication.

M:Surething.CanIaskaboutthepay?

W:Certainly,it’stentotwelvedollarsperhourplustips.

M:OKdoyouhaveotherrequirements?

W:Ouremployeesmustbedependableandbeabletoliftheavythingsandstandlonghoursatatime.

M:Noproblem.

W:Good.Canyoucometomorrowafternoonattwoforaninterview?

M:OK.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

14．Whatdoesthemando?

A．He’sareceptionist.B．He’sasecretary.C．He’sawaiter.

15．Whydoesthemansaysorrytothewoman?

A．Heshowedherthewrongway.

B．Thereisnoreservationforher.

C．Hernamehasbeenmisspelled.

16．Whatistheman’sadviceforthewoman?

A．Comebacklater.B．Talktothemanager.C．Postponethemeeting.

17．Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?

A．Tidyuparoom.B．Makeaphonecall.C．Goforacoffee.

【答案】14．A15．B16．A17．C

【解析】M:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?

W:Yes,I’vegotareservation.MynameisHilaryLangley.

M:Justamoment,please.Howdoyouspellyourlastname?

W:ALALGLEYLangley.

M:Well,I’msorry,butwedon’tseemtohaveareservationforyou.

W:Theremustbesomemistake.I’mattendingaconferenceinthecityandmysecretarytoldmethattheconference

organizermadethereservationforme.

M:Isee.No,I’msorry.Youarenotbookedinhere.

W:Well,butcanyoufindmeasingleroomanyway?

M:I’mafraidthere’snothingavailableatthemoment.

W:Look,Ireallyneedaroomhere.CanItalktoyourmanager?

M:Themanagerisawayonbusiness,butwell,Imaybeabletohelpyouifyoucouldwaitandpreparetocheckinaftertwo

intheafternoon,we’llhavesomeroomsatthattime.

W:That’dbeverykindofyou.Couldyougivemeacallwhenyouhavearoomavailable?I’lljustwanderaroundandhave

somecoffee.

M:Certainly.Wouldyoupleasegivemeyourphonenumber?

W:Sure.Here’smycard.Thanks.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。

18．Whydomanybirdsliveinthecity?

A．Theycanobtainfoodeasily.

B．Theyenjoyhumancompany.

C．Theylosttheirnaturalhabitat.

19．WhatdoesChristinafindsurprising?

A．Thebirdsarefacingseriousdangers.

B．Differentkindsofbirdslivetogether.

C．Somebirdsareattractedtothepoles.

20．WhatisChristina’ssuggestionconcerningthebirds?

A．Drivethemaway.B．Feedthemregularly.C．Doresearchonthem.

【答案】18．C19．B20．C

【解析】

Goodevening.I’mhonoredtohavemyvoiceheardtomakeadifferenceinthelivesofthoselittlebirdsthatshare

ourcity.MynameisChristina.I’manenthusiasticbirdwatcher.Becausewecutdowntoomanytreesinthenearbyareas,

manybirdsnowfindplaceswithinthecitytolive.Themostcommonistheareabehindthelargeadvertisementboardson

thepoles.It’sanaturalchoiceforthebirdsbecausethepolesaresimilartotrees,tallandfarfromdangersontheground.

Thesurprisingthingisthattherearelikelymorethanfiveorsixkindsofbirdslivingtogetherateachplace.Whiletryingto

learnmoreaboutthesebirds,Ifindthattherehavenotbeenanyconsistentstudiesormonitoringofthem.Theireating

habits,adaptationtolifeinthecity,diseases,deathrateandsuchotherinformationarenotavailable.I’dliketosuggestthat

aprogrammebestartedtostudythesebirds.Itcouldbeconvenienttoemploybirdwatcherstodotheinitialstudies.

二、閱讀理解

InterlibraryLoan(ILL)providesteachers,studentsandstaffwithaccesstobooksthatarecheckedoutornotowned

byourownlibraries,aswellasdigitizedcopiesofarticlesandbookchaptersfromourcollection.

WhoCanBorrow?

Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthroughILL.Interlibraryloanisnot

availabletoformerstudents,guestborrowersorfee-cardholders.

HowLongDoesItTake?

Articlesareusuallyreceivedwithin1-2daysandbooksin5-10days.However,obtainingitemsthatarerare,recently

publishedorinhighdemandmaytakelonger.Tospeeduptheprocess,pleasemakesuretheinformationyousubmit

throughtheILLRequestFormisaccurate.

LengthofLoans

Loanperiodsareestablishedbythelendinglibrary.Allduedatesarenotedonthelabel.Borroweditemsaresubject

torecallbythelendinglibrary.Anyrestrictionsestablishedbythelendinglibrarywillbeindicatedonthelabel.No

renewals(續(xù)借)areallowedforphysicalitemsborrowedthroughILL.

Notification/DeliveryOptions

Foraphysicalitem,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenitarrives.Itemsarepickedupatoneofourlibraries—theone

youselectedintheILLRequestForm.Foranarticleorbookchapter,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenitisavailable.To

obtainthearticleorchapter,clickonthelinkprovidedintheemailandlogintoyourILLaccount.Onceinyouraccount,

selectElectronicArticlesReceived.

InterlibraryLoanFees

LoanArticle/Chapter

LibraryType

CostCost

Non-ProfitLibraries$15$10

For-ProfitLibraries$20$12

International

$25$15

Libraries

21．WhocanusetheILLservice?

A．Formerstudents.B．Guestborrowers.

C．Retiredteachers.D．Fee-cardholders.

22．WhatisaruleforborrowingaprintbookthroughILL?

A．Payanextrafeefordelivery.B．Renewitbeforetheduedate.

C．Pickitupatthelendinglibrary.D．Returnitwhenitisrecalled.

23．Howmuchdoyoupayfortwoarticlesobtainedfromaninternationallibrary?

A．$15.B．$20.C．$24.D．$30.

【答案】21．C22．D23．D

【解析】21．根據(jù)第二段“Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthroughILL.(在校學(xué)生、

教師（包括退休教師）和工作人員可以通過ILL請求借閱資料。)”可知，退休老師可以使用圖書館間借閱服務(wù)。

故選C。

22．根據(jù)第四段“Borroweditemsaresubjecttorecallbythelendinglibrary.(借閱的物品可能會被借出的圖書館召回。)”

可知，通過ILL借閱紙質(zhì)書的規(guī)則是被借出的圖書館召回。

故選D。

23．根據(jù)表格中“InternationalLibrariesArticle/ChapterCost$15(國際圖書館文章/章節(jié)費用15美元)”可知，從國際圖

書館獲取兩篇文章的費用是15×2=30美元。

故選D。

WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughout

mychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.Becauseofthis,

I’mcarefulnottoconnectwhatmykidsweighwiththeirworthaspeople.Iencouragemydaughtertomakehealthysnack

choicesandoftendissuade(勸阻)herfromaseconddessert.ButonedaywhenIheardhersaying“IthinkI’mtoofat,”my

heartsank.Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionallynegativeimpact.

AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere,asparents,saying

lessismore.“Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,butI’mnotconvincedthatfoodisoneof

them,”shesays.“Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren’tnecessarilyhealthy.”

Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawell-knownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe“Divisionof

Responsibility,”whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,andthekidsthemselves

decidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookiesthancarrots.

Allowingkidstoeatwhattheywantalsoexposesthemtothenaturalconsequencesoftheirdecisions.“Whenyour

childsays,‘Mystomachhurts,’youcansay,‘Wellyouhadalotofsugaryfoodsandyoumightfeelbetterifyoumadesome

otherchoices,’”saysMarkey.“Letthemfeelliketheyhavesomecontroloverit.”

I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.

“Feedingisalonggame,”saysMarkey.“Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon’teatit,

they’reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks.”

24．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?

A．Sheisupsetbyherkids’weight.B．Sheiscriticalofthewayshewasfed.

C．Sheisinterestedinmakingfood.D．Sheisparticularaboutwhatsheeats.

25．WhichofthefollowingwouldMarkeydisapproveof?

A．Allowingkidstoeatcookiesoccasionally.B．Offeringvariousfoodstokidsatfixedtimes.

C．Explainingtokidstherisksoftakingsnacks.D．Talkingwithkidsaboutschoolatmealtimes.

26．Whatshouldkidsdoaccordingtothe“DivisionofResponsibility”?

A．Makedietdecisionsontheirown.B．Sharetheirfoodwithotherkids.

C．Eatupwhatisprovidedforthem.D．Helptheirparentsdothedishes.

27．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing?

A．Costly.B．Complex.

C．Workable.D．Contradictory.

【答案】24．B25．C26．A27．C

【解析】24．根據(jù)第一段中“WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.‘Youdon’twanttogetfat’wasonconstant

repeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearsto

overcome.(當(dāng)我還是個孩子的時候，我經(jīng)常被告知什么不能吃?！澳悴幌胱兣帧边@句話在我整個童年時期不斷重復(fù)。

這真的搞砸了我與食物的關(guān)系——這是我花了多年時間才克服的問題)”可知，作者童年時被灌輸?shù)娘嬍秤^念對其

產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響，由此可推斷出，作者對自己童年時被喂養(yǎng)的方式持批判態(tài)度。

故選B。

25．根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere,as

parents,sayinglessismore.‘Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,butI’mnotconvincedthat

foodisoneofthem,’shesays.‘Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren’tnecessarilyhealthy.’(根據(jù)心

理學(xué)教授夏洛特·馬基的說法，食物是為數(shù)不多的家長說得少反而更好的話題之一。“在育兒方面，有很多事情值得

深入討論，但我不認(rèn)為食物是其中之一，”她說?！斑@只會給孩子們帶來一些不必要的擔(dān)憂和不安全感，這并不健康?！?”

可知，馬基不贊成家長和孩子過多談?wù)撌澄锵嚓P(guān)的話題，而向孩子解釋吃零食的風(fēng)險屬于談?wù)撌澄锏脑掝}，所以馬

基不會贊成。

故選C。

26．根據(jù)第三段“Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawellknownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe‘Divisionof

Responsibility,’whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,andthekidsthemselves

decidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookiesthancarrots.(相

反，她建議應(yīng)用營養(yǎng)專家中一個著名的概念，即‘責(zé)任劃分’，在這個概念中，家長在固定的時間為孩子提供各種主

要是健康的食物，而孩子自己決定想吃什么和吃多少——即使這意味著偶爾吃的餅干比胡蘿卜多)”可知，根據(jù)“責(zé)

任劃分”，孩子應(yīng)該自己做飲食決策。

故選A。

27．根據(jù)最后一段中“I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetter

decisions.(我一直在嘗試這些策略，我發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)我不那么嚴(yán)格限制時，他們確實會做出更好的決策)”可知，孩子們確實

會做出更好的決策，所以作者會認(rèn)為自己所遵循的策略是可行的。

故選C。

Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,this

approachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewing

fertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.

TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIina

reproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularly(模

塊化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelow

ground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.

DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplanting

mixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautiful

year-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculptureof

odd-lookingseedheads.

Ittakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensappearwild,theyarecarefullyplanned,with

culturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconceptof“rightplant,rightplace,”theymatchplantsthatenjoythesame

soil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpatternsofgrowth.

Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’s

ecologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,

dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoff

andboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.

28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A．Runningoutof.B．Keepingawayfrom.

C．Puttingupwith.D．Takingadvantageof.

29．Whywastheideaofmatrixplantingintroduced?

A．Tocontrolweedsinlargegardens.B．Tobringinforeignspeciesofplants.

C．Toconservesoilandwaterresources.D．Todeveloplow-maintenanceparkland.

30．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPietOudolf’sgardens?

A．Traditional.B．Odd-looking.

C．Tasteful.D．Well-protected.

31．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．ThefutureofgardeningisWILD．B．NaturetreatsalllivesasEQUALS.

C．MatrixgardensneedmoreCARE.D．OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS.

【答案】28．B29．D30．C31．A

【解析】28．根據(jù)上文“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftingin

thegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.(這種被稱為矩陣種植的方法旨在讓大自然在花園中承擔(dān)更多繁重的工作，

甚至承擔(dān)一些設(shè)計工作)”可知，矩陣種植是讓大自然自身承接更多的工作；結(jié)合常識和劃線詞所在句“Eschewing

fertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(Eschewing

化肥和電動工具，它基于一個極其簡單的原則：更像大自然那樣進行園藝種植)”中“togardenmorelikenaturedoes”

可推知，要像大自然那樣進行園藝種植，讓大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和電動工具。所以劃線

詞“Eschewing”的意思是“避開、遠(yuǎn)離”，與“Keepingawayfrom.”同義。

故選B。

29．根據(jù)第二段中“TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorld

WarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.(這個概念誕生于二戰(zhàn)后，當(dāng)時德國城市規(guī)劃者試圖

以一種可復(fù)制且需要最少維護的方式種植大片公園綠地)”可知，引入矩陣種植的想法是為了開發(fā)低維護成本的公園

綠地。

故選D。

30．根據(jù)第三段中“DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstothe

plantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfourseasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.(荷蘭植

物學(xué)家兼設(shè)計師PietOudolf的花園推廣了這種風(fēng)格，在種植組合中增添了藝術(shù)氣息，同時玩轉(zhuǎn)色彩和形態(tài)，四季都

有看點，還滿足了野生動物的需求)”可知，PietOudolf的花園有藝術(shù)氣息，很有品味。

故選C。

31．通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavy

liftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonan

elegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(這種被稱為矩陣種植的方法旨在讓大自然在花園中承擔(dān)更

多繁重的工作，甚至承擔(dān)一些設(shè)計工作。它避開化肥和電動工具，基于一個極其簡單的原則：更像大自然那樣進行

園藝種植)”和最后一段中“Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Established

matrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedto

traditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversity

significantly.(隨著人類投入的大幅減少，花園的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可以良好發(fā)展。成熟的矩陣花園不需要我們給予大多數(shù)花

園的維持手段：化肥、分株、定期澆水。與傳統(tǒng)花園地塊相比，它們增加了碳吸收，減少了雨水徑流，并顯著改善

了棲息地和生物多樣性)”可知，文章主要介紹了矩陣種植這種新型園藝設(shè)計方法，它讓花園更接近自然、野生的狀

態(tài)，未來園藝可能會朝著這種更自然、野生的方向發(fā)展。故A項“ThefutureofgardeningisWILD(園藝的未來是自然

的)”能概括文章主旨。

故選A。

Asnewtechnologiestakeonincreasinglyhumanlikequalities,there’sbeenapushtomakethemgenderless.“People

arestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,”saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociate

professoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.Yet

asMartinhasfoundinherwork,genderisoneofthefundamentalwayspeopleformconnectionswithobjects,particularly

thosedesignedwithhumancharacteristics.

Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigital

voiceassistantandaself-drivingcarknownas“Miuu.”Itwasfoundthatgenderincreasedusers’feelingsofattachmentto

thesedevicesandtheirinterestinpurchasingthem.Forexample,participantssaidtheywouldbelesslikelytobuya

genderlessvoiceassistantthanversionswithmaleorfemalevoices.

Whilegenderingaproductmaybegoodmarketing,itmayalsostrengthenoutdatedorharmfulideasaboutpowerand

identity.Thestereotypescommonlyassociatedwithmen,suchascompetitivenessanddominance,aremorevaluedthan

thoseassociatedwithwomen.Thesequalities,inturn,aremappedontoproductsthathavebeenassignedagender.

Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’snamewasmeant

tosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa“he”or

“she.”

Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(擬人化)“providesanopportunityto

changestereotypes.”Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreducesnegative

stereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeonstereotype-inconsistentroles

—amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,forinstance.

32．Whatisthepurposeofmakingnewtechnologiesgenderless?

A．Toreducestereotypes.B．Tomeetpublicdemand.

C．Tocutproductioncosts.D．Toencouragecompetition.

33．Whatweretheparticipantsprobablyaskedtodointhestudy?

A．Designaproduct.B．Respondtoasurvey.

C．Workasassistants.D．Takealanguagetest.

34．Whyisitdifficulttocreategenderlessobjects?

A．Theycannotbemass-produced.B．Namingthemisachallengingtask.

C．Peopleassumetheyareunreliable.D．Genderisrootedinpeople’smind.

35．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A．Thequalityofgenderlessproducts.B．Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.

C．Themeaningofanthropomorphism.D．Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.

【答案】32．A33．B34．D35．B

【解析】32．根據(jù)第一段中“‘Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,’says

AshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogether

seemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.(斯坦福大學(xué)組織行為學(xué)副教授阿什利·馬丁說：“人們以非常傳統(tǒng)的方式對有性別

的物品形成刻板印象?！蓖耆コ锲返男詣e似乎是解決這個問題的簡單方法)”可知，人們對有性別的物品存在刻板

印象，讓新技術(shù)無性別化的目的是減少這種刻板印象。

故選A。

33．根據(jù)第二段中“Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversions

ofadigitalvoiceassistantandaselfdrivingcarknownas‘Miuu.’(在她的研究中，馬丁讓參與者對數(shù)字語音助手和名為

‘Miuu’的自動駕駛汽車的男性、女性和無性別版本的喜愛程度進行評分)”可知，參與者被要求對不同版本的產(chǎn)品進

行評價，這類似于對調(diào)查做出回應(yīng)。

故選B。

34．根據(jù)第四段中“Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’s

namewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuu

wasa‘he’or‘she.’(馬丁的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，創(chuàng)造無性別對象很困難。例如，如果一個物品的名字聽起來是無性別化的，

比如Miuu，參與者仍然會給它賦予一個性別——他們會認(rèn)為Miuu是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因為性別觀念根深蒂固在人

們的腦海中，所以即使物品本身試圖設(shè)計成無性別，人們還是會賦予其性別，這導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)造無性別對象很困難。

故選D。

35．根據(jù)最后一段中“Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(擬人化)‘providesan

opportunitytochangestereotypes.’(然而，馬丁看到了一線希望：她認(rèn)為擬人化‘提供了改變刻板印象的機會’)”以及后

文所舉的例子可知，最后一段主要講了賦予產(chǎn)品性別有積極的一面，即可以通過擬人化改變刻板印象。

故選B。

Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.36There’snovaluein

deliveringanykindofcommunication,whetherwritten,spoken,formal,orinformal,ifthemessagedoesn’tcomeacross

clearly.Beingclearandbrief—whilemaintaininginterestandincludingeverythingyourlistenersneedtoknow—isa

high-levelcommunicationskill.

Herearesometipsworthfollowinginordertocommunicatemoreeffectively.

Keepyouraudienceinmind.

Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourcommunicationstotheirinterests.

37Thiswillengagetheirdesiretounderstandandinteractwiththeinformation.

Don’tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.

Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclear

willmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.38However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.

39

Ifyou’veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you’llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearn

newinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsand

policiestoothers.Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills.

Considerthebestmethodtodeliveryourmessage.

Iftheinformationyou’recommunicatingisn’turgent,considersendinganemail.Writtencommunicationwillgive

youraudiencemoretimetoreviewit,thinkitover,andfollowupwithquestions.40

Buildingeffectivecommunicationskillstakestime,buttheeffectsareworththeeffort.

A．Bepatient.

B．Gettheaudienceinvolved.

C．Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.

D．Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.

E．Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.

F．Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.

G．Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.

【答案】36．C37．D38．G39．B40．F

【解析】36．上文“Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.(溝通中最常見的錯誤之

一就是試圖做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是溝通中易犯的錯誤，C選項“Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.(最好的信息

往往是簡單的)”承接上文，明確正確溝通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免復(fù)雜，追求簡單，句中“simple”與上文“too

much”形成對比。

故選C。

37．上文“Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterested