專題17主旨大意題之寫作意圖技法指導寫作意圖題要求考生在理解文章主旨的基礎上明白作者的言外之意，找到作者的寫作意圖。題干中常有purpose,inorderto等詞。不同體裁文章的寫作意圖不同。故事類記敘文的目的通常是娛樂讀者(toentertain)；廣告類應用文的目的一般是推銷產(chǎn)品或服務(toadvertise)；議論文的目的是要闡述論點(toargue/persuade)；科普、文化類說明文的目的大多是介紹知識（toinform）。推斷寫作意圖的兩種方法：一是主旨推斷法：根據(jù)文章或段落的主旨推斷作者的寫作意圖。二是文體推斷法：根據(jù)文體的特點來推斷。精練必刷題AChildrenreallyneedtoknowsomebasicfirstaidskills.Thisistruewhetheryourchildisfourorfourteen.Sowhatshouldyouteachyourchildren?CallingforhelpOnceyourchildreachestheageoffour,heshouldknowallaboutcalling911intheeventofanemergency.Explainallaboutwhatarealemergencyis.Forexample,heshouldcall911ifanadultaskshimto,ifanadultpassesoutandcannotbewoken,ifthereisafireandhecan’tfindanadult,orifpeoplearehurt.AsIamtypingthis,Ijustrealizedthatalthoughmykidsaretaughtabout911,thetelephonesinthehouseareoutofreachforallbutmyoldestchild(topreventtheothertwofromplayingwiththephone).Don’tmakethismistakeyourself,oryourchildrenwouldn’tgetintouchwiththepoliceintime.Cutsandscrapes(擦傷)Teachchildrenaboutbasiccareforcutsandscrapes.Inmyhouse,thekidsallknowthatcutsmustbecleanedandknowwherethebandagesare.Theyalsoknowhowtoputpressureonacuttomakeitstopbleeding.Ofcoursetheyshouldaskanadultforhelp,buttheyshouldalsoknowabitaboutselfcare.Believeitornot,Ihadtohelpateenageneighboroncewhohadnoideawhattodowhenhecuthishandonbrokenglass.Hejustranaroundinacircle.BurnsTellyourchildthatifheevergetsaburn,heshouldimmediatelycallforhelpandthenrunthecoolbutnotcoldwaterfortheburn.Gettingaburncooleddownquicklycanreducethedamagetotheskin.Thisisimportantifnoadultiswithyourchildwhenaburnoccurs.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thismistake”referto? A．Lettingkidsplaywiththephone. B．Stoppingkidsfromusingthephone. C．Nottellingkidstocall911. D．Keepingthephoneoutofkids’reach.2．Whatdoestheexampleoftheauthor’steenageneighbormainlytellus? A．Gettinghelpisveryimportant. B．Eventeenagerscancuttheirhands. C．Notallteenagersaregoodatselfcare. D．Weshouldbepreparedtohelpothers. 3．Whatshouldwedoifwegetaburn? A．Lookforthebandages. B．Putsomeiceontheburn. C．Cooltheburnunderwater. D．Waitforrescuerspatiently. 4．What’sthetextmainlyfor? A．Kids. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Students.BIgrewupinBensonhurst,Brooklyn.Whentheholidaydecorationswentup,therewerehousesonmyblockwithtreeslitupforChristmasinfrontyardsandbehindlivingroomwindows.IwasborninaJewishfamily.EventhoughIreceivedeightpresentsforHanukkah(aneight-dayJewishholidayinNovemberorDecember),itjustwasn'tfair.Myfriendshadbeautifultreeswithlightsandpresentsbroughtbyamaninaredsuit.Ididn'thaveatree,andIlivedinanapartmentbuilding,soIhadnochimney(煙囪)．Thatyear,someneighborsboughtaChristmastree,butitwastootallfortheirlivingroom.Theycutoffthetopand,knowingIwantedtocelebrateChristmas,gavethetoptomyfamily.Aftermyparentsfellasleep,Iopenedawindowinourapartment.IimaginedSantacouldparkhissleigh(雪橇)onourfireescape.WhenIwokeupthenextmorning,thewindowwasclosedandSantahaddeliveredapresent.Ican'tevenrememberwhatitwas,butmymemoryofthemorninglasts.MyrelationshipwithSantatookabreakuntilmydaughter,Amanda,wasbornin1992.MywifeandIsawnoreasontodeprive(剝奪)herofmeetingSanta.In1998,afriendofmineportrayed(扮演)SantaattheSouthStreetSeaportinManhattan.Hetoldmetostopbywithmywifeanddaughter,andaskedfortheirnamesinadvancesohecouldgreetthem.Whenhesawusattheseaport,hegreetedusbyournames.Mydaughter'smouthopenedwideandshepulledback.Maybeshewastooyoungtoappreciatethis.Butotherfamilieswaitingtoseehimseemeddelightedbyhisappearanceandthegiftshebrought.MytwochildrenarenowgrownupanddonotvisitSanta,andwedonothaveaChristmastree,yetourfamilystillenjoystheholiday.OnChristmasEve,inthespiritofthenight,weleaveaplateofmyfavoritecookiesonthekitchentableinhopesSantawillleaveapresent.5．Whatwastheyoungauthor'swish?A．ReceivingmanypresentsatHanukkah.B．VisitinghisfriendsatChristmas.C．CelebratingChristmasathome.D．Livinginahousewithatree.6．Whydidtheauthoropenawindowthatnight?A．ToletSantadeliveragift.B．Hisparentsaskedhimtodoso.C．HisChristmastreewastootall.D．ToenjoyaChristmasnightscene.7．WhatmadeAmandapullback?A．MeetingmanypeopleinSanta'sclothes.B．BeinggreetedbySantabyname.C．Recognizingherfather'sfriend.D．ReceivinggiftsfromSanta.8．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．TobringbackhisChristmasmemories.B．Toshowhisgreatloveofholidays.C．Tosharehisfamilytraditions.D．TointroduceJewishcustoms.CParisisthecityofdreams,thecityoflove.IfyouarethinkingofheadingtoParisforastudyperiod,thenperhapsalittlerealitycheckisinorder.Butmyexperiencewasaromanticone.IpavedmypathtoParisthroughanexchangeprogram.OnarrivalinParis,IwasconstantlyremindedoftheofficialprocessesIwasrequiredtoplete—formstobefilledin,meetingstoattend,thelistseemedendless.Perhapsitwasduetomywellorganizationalhabit,butsomehowthisendlesslistofto-do’swaspletedinlittlemorethanaweek.Thentherealworkbegan.Onceclasseswereunderway,Ifoundmyselfvolunteeringtodooralpresentationsandassignmentsfirst,ratherthanlast.Thismethodprovedtobeveryhelpful.OnceIhadfinishedclassfortheweek,Ihadaneverincreasinglistofmuseumstovisit,neighborhoodstoexplore,andcaféstositinandparkstorunaround.ReadasmanybooksaboutParisasyoucan.Talktoasmanylocalsandotherforeignerslivingthereasyoucan.ButtheonethingthatreadingabookortalkingtosomeonecannotdoistoprovideyouwiththeexperienceofwanderingParisonfoot.IdiscoveredsomeofmyfavoriteplacesinParisbywandering.Thepeoplewatching,thesoundsofthecity,thecolorsastheseasonschange,theyalladdtotheecstasythatIexperiencedinParisasanexchangestudent.Afterspendingfivemonthswanderingthroughthecharmingneighborhoods,Ifellinlovewiththeatmospherethatcameoutfromeveryopendoor,andwitheveryspokenword.ThereissomethingfortingaboutwalkingtothemarketeachSundaytobefacedwiththebeautifuldisplayoffruits,vegetablesanddairyproducts.Thereiswarmthinsayingbonjourtothepassersby.OnmylastdayinParis,Iconfidentlysaid,“BonjourMonsieur,”asIpassedthelittlestoredownthestreet.IguessnomatterhowhardItriedIwasalwaysgoingtobeanoutsider,atourist.ThebestpartaboutgoingonexchangeinParisisfallinginlovewiththecityinyourownway.Everyone’sexperienceofParisisdifferent.Iknowmineisuniqueands