專題04說明文專練二1.（2023秋·湖南懷化·高三統(tǒng)考期末）TheideaofBuyNowPayLater,orBNPL,hasattractedmillionsofshopperswiththepromiseofinterestfreecredit.Anincredible45percentof18to24yearoldsintheUKturnedtoBNPLlastyear,accordingtoTheMoneyCharity.Lenderssaytheyofferabetterdealthancreditcards,becausetheydonotchargeinterestbutmakemoneyfromaffiliatedeals(關(guān)聯(lián)交易)withretailers(零售商).Itmaybeanewwayofborrowingmoney,buttheoldrulesstillapply:unlessyourepaythedebtquickly,youarebuildinguptroubleforthefuture.Now,BNPLsaregrowinginpopularityanddohaveupsides—mostlyconvenientshoppingwithinteresteasyfinancingandnostrictapprovalrequirements.

However,theyalsomakeiteffortlesstoovershop,overspend,andgetinoveryourheadwithcreditproblems.

Lenderspaytheretaileronyourbehalf,andthenyourepayover30daysorthreemonths,spreadingthecosttohelpwithyourcashflow.Theysaythisisfairerandlessexpensivethancreditcards.Thatmaybetrue,butBNPLhasdangers,too.BNPLlendersmaynotchargeanyinterest,buttheystillwantyoutopaybackthemoneyyouhaveborrowed,sowhatifyoucan’t?Typically,youhave30daystopay.Ifyoudon’t,yourlenderwillcontactyoutochaselatepayments.Ifyoustilldon’tpay,theycallinthedebtcollectors.CitizensAdvicesaysthat14millionusedaBNPLproductlastyear,butsixmilliondidnotunderstandwhattheyweresigningupfor.Some26%ofBNPLcustomersregrettedtheirchoice,while41%struggledwithrepayment.Youngerpeoplewereparticularlyatrisk.AquarterofthosemakingBNPLrepaymentscouldn’taffordfood,rentorbillsasaresult.AnotherworryisthatBNPLlendersonlyperform‘soft’searchesonaperson’screditreport,sodonotseetheborrower’struecreditstatus.Thismeanstheycannotremovepeoplewithfinancialproblemsandmayendupaddingtotheirtroubles.BNPLlenderssaytheydocarefulcheckstomakesuretheyneverlendmorethanaconsumercanaffordtopayback,andalsopauseaccountsifasinglepaymentislate.Nobodywantstobepursuedbydebtcollectors.IfyoudouseBNPLcredit,neverborrowmorethanyoucanaffordtorepay.1．HowdoBNPLlendersearnprofitsaccordingtothetext?A．Theyforceborrowerstopaytheirdebts.B．Theyrequirepaymentforretailers’services.C．Theyreceiveacertainfeefromaffiliatedeals.D．Theychargeinterestfrom18to24yearoldusers.2．WhydoesBNPLbeemoreandmorepopular?A．Forstrictapprovalrequirementsandnointerest.B．Foritsconvenienceofshoppingwithhighinterest.C．Forbuyinganythingneededwithoutcreditproblems.D．Forconvenientshoppingandnostrictapprovalrequirements.3．WhatproblemdoestheBuyNowPayLatermethodhave?A．Alltheyoungpeoplecan’trepaythedebtquickly.B．Itisdifficulttoknowtheborrower’srealcreditstatus.C．MorethanhalfofBNPLcustomerscan’taffordthepayments.D．BNPLhastodependondebtcollectorstogetbackthemoney.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsBNPL?A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Critical.【答案】1．C

2．D

3．B

4．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了BNPL越來越受歡迎,以無息信貸的承諾吸引了數(shù)百萬購物者，但是也存在著潛在的風(fēng)險。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段“Lenderssaytheyofferabetterdealthancreditcards,becausetheydonotchargeinterestbutmakemoneyfromaffiliatedeals(關(guān)聯(lián)交易)withretailers(零售商).(貸方表示，他們提供的交易比信用卡更好，因?yàn)樗麄儾皇杖±?，而是從與零售商的關(guān)聯(lián)交易中賺錢)”可知，根據(jù)文章，BNPL貸款人從聯(lián)盟交易中收取一定的費(fèi)用，故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段“Now,BNPLsaregrowinginpopularityanddohaveupsides—mostlyconvenientshoppingwithinteresteasyfinancingandnostrictapprovalrequirements.

(現(xiàn)在，BNPL越來越受歡迎，而且確實(shí)有好處——大多是購物方便，融資方便，沒有嚴(yán)格的審批要求)”可知，BNPL越來越受歡迎是因?yàn)榉奖阗徫?，無嚴(yán)格的審批要求。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章最后一段“AnotherworryisthatBNPLlendersonlyperform‘soft’searchesonaperson’screditreport,sodonotseetheborrower’struecreditstatus.(另一個擔(dān)憂是BNPL貸款人只對個人的信用報(bào)告進(jìn)行‘軟’搜索，因此看不到借款人的真實(shí)信用狀況)”可知，BNPL的問題是很難知道借款人的真實(shí)信用狀況。故選B。4．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)最后一段“Nobodywantstobepursuedbydebtcollectors.IfyoudouseBNPLcredit,neverborrowmorethanyoucanaffordtorepay.(沒有人愿意被討債人追殺。如果你確實(shí)使用了BNPL信貸，千萬不要借款超過你償還能力)”可知，作者客觀介紹了BNPL越來越受歡迎,以無息信貸的承諾吸引了數(shù)百萬購物者，但是也存在著潛在的風(fēng)險。由此推知，作者對BNPL的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C。2.（2022·廣西·統(tǒng)考一模）NASAismakingpreparationstosendacrewtothemoonwhowillexplorethelunarsurfacewiththehopeofconstructingastablehabitat.AlthoughtheAmericanspaceagencyfocusesonjustsendingastronauts,otherpaniesarelookingfurtherintothefutureforwhenhumanswillcolonizethenaturalsatellite.ExpertsatMoney,apanyforconsumercreditproducts,releasedthefirstevermoonloanguidethatrevealslivingonthelunarsurfacewouldcost$325,067amonth.“WiththeEarthbeingincreasinglypopulatedandspacetechnologyadvancing,itwon’tbelongbeforelunarlivingbeesthenewnormal,”readsthestudy.TheteamfromMoneyusedvariousfactorstocalculatethecostofahouseonthemoon:rawmaterialsneededtobuildahouse,thespecialmaterialsneededtobuildonthemoon’satmosphere,astronautsrequiredtotraveltobuild,andtheaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.Accordingtothemoonloanguide,thefirstfullyfunctioninghouseonthemoonwouldbe$48,454,063,whichisahighpriceforahome.Thepriceincludesaddinglifesavingdetailstohomessuchasairseals,industrialstrengthairconditionersandheaters.“Generatingenergyisvitalwhenlivinginsuchextremeconditions,andthereforethecostofsomesuppliesmayforceyoutoconsidersomealternativeoptions.ThemostefficientwaytogenerateelectricityonthemoonistobuyasmallnuclearreactorcostingS1.3million,“Moneysharesinthestudy.“Alternatively,34solarpanelswouldgenerateenoughelectricitytorunonehouseandcostonly$23,616inparison.”Theguidealsorevealsthemostideallocationsonthemoon,with“SeaofRains”beingconsidered”theperfectfamilysuburb”—thisregionsitsatthenorthandisoneofthelargestimpactcratersintheSolarSystem.5．What’sthepurposeofNASAsendingacrewtothemoon?A．Toencouragepaniestoreleasemoonloan. B．Tocolonizethemoonalone.C．Toexplorethemoonfornaturalresources. D．Tobuildalastinglivingplaceonthemoon.6．Whichofthefollowingwasnotconsideredwhentheteamestimatedthecostofalunarhouse?A．Materialsneededtobuildahouseonthemoon.B．Thecostoflookingforthemostideallocationonthemoon.C．Astronautsneededtotraveltobuildahouseonthemoon.D．Theaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.7．Whatcanweinferfromthestudy?A．Lunarlivingwon’ttakelongtobeeareality.B．Thefirsthouseonthemoonwillbethemostexpensivehome.C．Youwilldefinitelybuyanuclearreactortogenerateelectricityonthemoon.D．TheperfectlocationonthemoonforlivingisthelargestimpactcraterintheSolarSystem.8．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Thefirstloanguideaboutlivingonthemoon.B．Themoonthemostideallivingplaceforhumans.C．NASAwillsendastronautstothemoon.D．Livingonthemoonhasbeepossible.【答案】5．D

6．B

7．A

8．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。消費(fèi)信貸產(chǎn)品公司Money的專家發(fā)布了首個月球貸款指南，該指南顯示，在月球表面生活每月將花費(fèi)325067美元。文章主要講述了月球生活所需費(fèi)用。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“NASAismakingpreparationstosendacrewtothemoonwhowillexplorethelunarsurfacewiththehopeofconstructingastablehabitat.(美國國家航空航天局正在準(zhǔn)備向月球派遣宇航員，他們將探索月球表面，希望建立一個穩(wěn)定的棲息地)”可知，NASA送宇航員去月球的目的是希望在月球上建立一個穩(wěn)定的居住地。故選D。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheteamfromMoneyusedvariousfactorstocalculatethecostofahouseonthemoon:rawmaterialsneededtobuildahouse,thespecialmaterialsneededtobuildonthemoon’satmosphere,astronautsrequiredtotraveltobuild,andtheaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.(來自Money的團(tuán)隊(duì)使用各種因素來計(jì)算在月球上建造房子的成本：建造房子所需的原材料，在月球大氣層上建造所需的特殊材料，宇航員需要旅行建造，以及將材料運(yùn)輸?shù)皆虑虻钠骄杀?”可知，當(dāng)研究小組估計(jì)月球房屋的成本時，“在月球上尋找最理想地點(diǎn)的成本”沒有被考慮。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句““WiththeEarthbeingincreasinglypopulatedandspacetechnologyadvancing,itwon’tbelongbeforelunarlivingbeesthenewnormal,”readsthestudy.(該研究稱：“隨著地球人口越來越多，太空技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步，用不了多久，月球生活就會成為新的常態(tài)?！?”可知，月球生活用不了多久就會成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。故選A。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ExpertsatMoney,apanyforconsumercreditproducts,releasedthefirstevermoonloanguidethatrevealslivingonthelunarsurfacewouldcost$325,067amonth.(消費(fèi)信貸產(chǎn)品公司Money的專家發(fā)布了首個月球貸款指南，該指南顯示，在月球表面生活每月將花費(fèi)325067美元)”結(jié)合后文都在圍繞這個信貸指南講述月球生活費(fèi)用以及其他內(nèi)容。故這篇文章主要講的是第一本關(guān)于在月球上生活的貸款指南。故選A。3.（2022·四川廣安·統(tǒng)考一模）Withgloballyfamousliteraryfestivals,specialtybookshopsandarichculturalwelltodrawfrom,Torontoisaliteraturelover’sdream.Herearetwofestivals.WhenWordontheStreetwasfirstheldinTorontoin1990,itwasdesignedtocelebrateCanada’srichliteraryculture.Nowit’sbeethelargestfestivalinthecountrydevotedtobooksandmagazines.It’sfreeforattendees.Ofcourse,youhavetopayifyoubuybookshere.Then,thecontemporaryliteraturefocusedTorontoInternationalFestivalofAuthors(TIFA)willenextmontheachOctober.TIFAKidstakesplaceatthesametime,makingforaliteraryescapeforthewholefamily.Howaboutspecialtybookshops?FlyingBooksisabookstore,bookpublisherandwritingschoolfoundedbybookeditorMarthaSharpe.YoucanfindSharpe’sselectionoftitlesatTheGoodNeighborEspressoBarandtheGladstoneHouse.Extendyourliteratureexperiencefromhomewithitsvirtualclassesoncriticism,journalism,memoirandmore,taughtbyexperiencedCanadianauthors.BenMcNallyBooks(possiblythecity’smostbeautifulbookstore)isintheeastoftheFinancialDistrict,whoseownerisregularlyonsitetoassistyouwithremendations.TypeBooksacrossfromgreenTrinityBellwoodsParkwhichistheperfectspottoreadunderthetreesiscoownedbyaformerliteratureprofessorandbestforgeneralinterest.Westend’sMonkey’sPaw,whereyoucanfindrarebooks,anduniquefinds,specializesinsecondhandandancientbooks.QueenBooksinLeslievillehasanexcellentkids’sectionwhereyoucanbuythelatestchildren’sbooks.9．WhatdoweknowaboutWordontheStreet?A．Ithasgrowngradually. B．ItisheldeachOctober.C．Itchargesparticipants. D．ItisofTIFAorigin.10．WhatcanFlyingBookshelpyoudo?A．Beeabookeditorfaster. B．Buildupapersonallibrary.C．Getthefreebooksfromauthors. D．Improveyourliteraryskillsonline.11．Whichbookstorewillyougotofindagoodplacetoreadafterbuyingbooks?A．QueenBooks. B．BenMcNallyBooks. C．TypeBooks. D．Monkey’sPaw.【答案】9．A

10．D

11．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了多倫多一些特色書店的情況。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“WhenWordontheStreetwasfirstheldinTorontoin1990,itwasdesignedtocelebrateCanada’srichliteraryculture.Nowit’sbeethelargestfestivalinthecountrydevotedtobooksandmagazines.(1990年，WordonStreet首次在多倫多舉辦，旨在慶祝加拿大豐富的文學(xué)文化?，F(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)成為美國最大的書籍和雜志節(jié)日)”可知，WordontheStreet是逐漸增長的。故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Extendyourliteratureexperiencefromhomewithitsvirtualclassesoncriticism,journalism,memoirandmore,taughtbyexperiencedCanadianauthors.(通過由經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的加拿大作家教授的批評、新聞、回憶錄等虛擬課程，擴(kuò)展您在家中的文學(xué)體驗(yàn))”可知，F(xiàn)lyingBooks可以在線提高你的文學(xué)技能。故選D。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“TypeBooksacrossfromgreenTrinityBellwoodsParkwhichistheperfectspottoreadunderthetreesiscoownedbyaformerliteratureprofessorandbestforgeneralinterest.(綠色的TrinityBellwoods公園對面的TypeBooks是在樹下閱讀的最佳地點(diǎn)，由一位前文學(xué)教授共同擁有，最適合大眾興趣)”可知，買完書你會去TypeBooks找個好地方看書。故選C。4.（2023·重慶·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Playingsportsyouenjoycanhelpyoumeetremendedactivitylevels.Ina2012article,Dr.DavidGeierclaimedplayingsportswaslinkedtoreducedratesofobesity,highbloodpressure,diabetesandotherpoorhealthconditions.A2012MelbourneUniversitysummaryfactsheetclaimedplayingsportsleadstothehealthygrowthofbones,musclesandconnectivetissueinchildren.Italsosuggestedchildrenwhoplaysportstendtoremainmorephysicallyactiveasadultsandarelesslikelytosmokeorusedrugs.Thesocialbenefitsofplayingsportslastwellbeyondyouth.Teamsportsofferadultsofallagesanopportunityforsocialinteraction.A2009studybyAsztalosMetal,publishedinthe“JournalofScienceandMedicineinSport”foundplayingsportsreducedstresslevelsamongadultswhileotherformsofphysicalactivitydidnot.Whileyourchancesofevermakingittotheprofessionalsareslim,sportscanstillleadtocareeropportunities.Youcanbeeacoachorofficial,andwiththerighteducationandexperiencebeepartofthesportsmedia.Playingsportscouldbeyourtickettoacheapereducation,too.Thedatapilingwebsitescholarshipstatsreportedthat177,000studentathleteshadsomeoralloftheireducationpaidforinthe202122academicyear.Ofcourse,withanyphysicalactivityestheriskofinjury.butsomesportsaredefinitelymoredangerousthanothers.Ina2011survey,thenonprofitSafeKidsWorldwidereportedthatover1.35millionchildrensustainedsportsrelatedinjuriesbadenoughforatriptoanemergencyroom.Somesportsevencarrytheriskofpotentiallydangerousphysicalproblemsoffthefield.Mostnotablearetheeatingdisordersthathavedevelopedamonggymnastsandotherathletesthatneedtocutweightforpetition.12．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?A．Sportshelpkeepactiveandhealthy. B．Sportsreducestresslevels.C．Sportshelpgainsocialbenefits. D．Sportshelprecoveryfromillness.13．Howcanstudentsgetacheapereducationbyplayingsports?A．Theyarepaidtoplaysports. B．Theycanachievescholarship.C．They’llbestrongertostudybetter. D．Theycangraduateearlier.14．Howisthelastparagraphdifferentfromtheaboveparagraphs?A．Tellinganewadvantage. B．Movingtoasummary.C．Writinginadifferenttone. D．Givingfurtherexplanation.15．Whoisthearticleintendedfor?A．Officials. B．Sportsmen. C．Doctors. D．Kids.【答案】12．A

13．B

14．C

15．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了運(yùn)動有助于保持活力和健康，同時運(yùn)動可以有助于青少年社交以及獲得更便宜的教育。12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Playingsportsyouenjoycanhelpyoumeetremendedactivitylevels.Ina2012article,Dr.DavidGeierclaimedplayingsportswaslinkedtoreducedratesofobesity,highbloodpressure,diabetesandotherpoorhealthconditions.A2012MelbourneUniversitysummaryfactsheetclaimedplayingsportsleadstothehealthygrowthofbones,musclesandconnectivetissueinchildren.Italsosuggestedchildrenwhoplaysportstendtoremainmorephysicallyactiveasadultsandarelesslikelytosmokeorusedrugs.(做你喜歡的運(yùn)動可以幫助你達(dá)到推薦的活動量。在2012年的一篇文章中，大衛(wèi)·蓋爾博士聲稱，運(yùn)動與降低肥胖、高血壓、糖尿病和其他不良健康狀況的發(fā)病率有關(guān)。2012年墨爾本大學(xué)的一份概況介紹稱，體育運(yùn)動有助于兒童骨骼、肌肉和結(jié)締組織的健康成長。研究還表明，參加體育運(yùn)動的兒童成年后往往更活躍，吸煙或吸毒的可能性也更小)”可知，第一段主要告訴我們運(yùn)動有助于保持活力和健康。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Playingsportscouldbeyourtickettoacheapereducation,too.Thedatapilingwebsitescholarshipstatsreportedthat177,000studentathleteshadsomeoralloftheireducationpaidforinthe202122academicyear.(參加體育運(yùn)動也可能是你獲得更便宜教育的門票。數(shù)據(jù)匯編網(wǎng)站scholarshipstats報(bào)告稱，在2021到22學(xué)年，17.7萬名學(xué)生運(yùn)動員的部分或全部教育都得到了支付)”可知，學(xué)生可以通過獲得獎學(xué)金，來獲得更便宜的教育。故選B。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ofcourse,withanyphysicalactivityestheriskofinjury.butsomesportsaredefinitelymoredangerousthanothers.Ina2011survey,thenonprofitSafeKidsWorldwidereportedthatover1.35millionchildrensustainedsportsrelatedinjuriesbadenoughforatriptoanemergencyroom.Somesportsevencarrytheriskofpotentiallydangerousphysicalproblemsoffthefield.Mostnotablearetheeatingdisordersthathavedevelopedamonggymnastsandotherathletesthatneedtocutweightforpetition.(當(dāng)然，任何體育活動都有受傷的風(fēng)險。但有些運(yùn)動肯定比其他運(yùn)動更危險。在2011年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中，非營利組織“全球兒童安全”報(bào)告稱，超過135萬名兒童因運(yùn)動受傷，嚴(yán)重到需要去急診室。有些運(yùn)動甚至?xí)趫鐾庖l(fā)潛在的身體問題。最值得注意的是在體操運(yùn)動員和其他需要減肥的運(yùn)動員中出現(xiàn)的飲食失調(diào))”可推知，最后一段和上面幾段的不同在于是用不同的語氣寫的，強(qiáng)調(diào)了體育運(yùn)動的危險性。故選C。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thesocialbenefitsofplayingsportslastwellbeyondyouth.(從事體育運(yùn)動的社會效益遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了青少年時期)”以及第三段中“Whileyourchancesofevermakingittotheprofessionalsareslim,sportscanstillleadtocareeropportunities.(雖然你成為職業(yè)運(yùn)動員的機(jī)會很小，但運(yùn)動仍然可以帶來職業(yè)機(jī)會)”可推知，文章針對的是孩子。故選D。5.（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）Althoughmostdietsvaryaccordingtowhatfoodsyoucaneat,theyallfollowthesameprincipleofrestrictiontoloseweight—youneedtoeatless.Thenowtrendydietofintuitiveeatingis,inasense,anantidiet:followersareencouragedtobasewhattheyeatonhowtheyfeel,notonprescribedlimitsorcaloriecounts.Theconceptwasfirstproposedinthemid90sbyregistereddietitiansElyseReschandEvelynTribole,whowroteIntuitiveEating.Thefirststepistorejecttheideathatyouneedtobeonadiettobehealthy.You’reencouragedtoalsogiveyourself“permission”toeatallfoods,torejecttheideaof“good”and“bad”foodsandtoacceptyournaturalbodyshape.Finally,youhelpmakeyourbodyhealthierbyaddingexercise,findingbetterwaysthanfoodtorelieveyouremotionsandslowlyshiftingtomorenutritiousfoodchoices.Oneofthebiggestmisunderstandingsaroundintuitiveeatingisthatnutritiongoesoutthewindow.Curiously,researchesshowsthatinatraditionaldiet,caloricrestrictionisusuallyfollowedbyabinge(放縱),wherethebody’sprimarydrivetomakesureitgetsenoughcaloriesismoreimportantthananydesiresfornutritionormoderation(自我節(jié)制),whichleadstodisorderedeatingpatterns.However,becauseintuitiveeatingallowsallfoodsonthetable,practitionerscanmakesmall,slowchangesthatultimatelyaremorelonglastingtowardeatingmorenutritionally.Thereisn’tstrongresearchtobackupclaimsthatintuitiveeatinghelpswithlosingweightoreatingmorenutritiousfood.However,inKeller’sexperience,aregistereddietitianinCalgary,intuitiveeatingcanhelpwithoverallweightmaintenance.Inaddition,intuitiveeatersdogainahealthierattitudetowardfood,paredtotraditionaldieters.Kellersays,“Whenpeopledecidetodiet,whattheyactuallywantistofeelfortableandconfidentandhealthyintheirownbody.Peoplehavetobereadytooveretheirconstantdesiretoloseweightandcontroltheirbody,andtorealizethatchanginghowtheylookontheoutsideisn’tgoingtochangethosethingsontheinside.”16．Whatdoweknowaboutintuitiveeating?A．Ithelpsfollowerstoloseweightbyeatingless.B．Itprohibitsfollowersfromeatingwhattheylike.C．Itencourageseaterstobeonadiettobehealthy.D．Itadviseseaterstobehealthierbyexercisingmore.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“goesoutthewindow”meaninthethirdparagraph?A．Exports. B．Disappears.C．Destroys. D．Distributes.18．WhatistheKeller’sattitudetointuitiveeating?A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.19．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Doesintuitiveeatingbeataconventionaldiet?B．Howdoesintuitiveeatingwork?C．Willintuitiveeatinghelplosemoreweight?D．Shouldwebothertoloseweight?【答案】16．D

17．B

18．A

19．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要提到相對于傳統(tǒng)飲食中認(rèn)為節(jié)食可以增加健康，而直覺性飲食鼓勵飲食者拒絕“好”和“壞”食物。通過更多的鍛煉，進(jìn)而變得更健康。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thenowtrendydietofintuitiveeatingis,inasense,anantidiet:followersareencouragedtobasewhattheyeatonhowtheyfeel,notonprescribedlimitsorcaloriecounts.”（從某種意義上說，現(xiàn)在流行的直覺飲食是一種反對節(jié)食的飲食:鼓勵追隨者根據(jù)自己的感覺來決定吃什么，而不是根據(jù)規(guī)定的限制或卡路里計(jì)數(shù)。）第二段中“Thefirststepistorejecttheideathatyouneedtobeonadiettobehealthy.You’reencouragedtoalsogiveyourself“permission”toeatallfoods,torejecttheideaof“good”and“bad”foodsandtoacceptyournaturalbodyshape.Finally,youhelpmakeyourbodyhealthierbyaddingexercise,findingbetterwaysthanfoodtorelieveyouremotionsandslowlyshiftingtomorenutritiousfoodchoices.”（第一步是要拒絕那種認(rèn)為你需要節(jié)食才能保持健康的想法。你也被鼓勵給自己吃所有食物的“許可”，拒絕“好”和“壞”食物的想法，并接受你自然的身體形狀。最后，通過增加鍛煉，找到比食物更好的方法來緩解情緒，慢慢地轉(zhuǎn)向更有營養(yǎng)的食物選擇，你的身體會變得更健康。）可知，直覺飲食鼓勵飲食者拒絕“好”和“壞”食物的想法，并接受你自然的身體形狀根據(jù)自己的感覺來決定吃什么，同時通過增加鍛煉，進(jìn)而慢慢地轉(zhuǎn)向更有營養(yǎng)的食物選擇，讓自己變得更健康。故選D。17．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞后句中“Curiously,researchesshowsthatinatraditionaldiet,caloricrestrictionisusuallyfollowedbyabinge(放縱),wherethebody’sprimarydrivetomakesureitgetsenoughcaloriesismoreimportantthananydesiresfornutritionormoderation(自我節(jié)制),whichleadstodisorderedeatingpatterns.”（奇怪的是，研究表明，在傳統(tǒng)飲食中，熱量限制通常會導(dǎo)致暴飲暴食，在這種情況下，身體獲得足夠熱量的主要驅(qū)動力比任何對營養(yǎng)或適度的渴望都更重要，這會導(dǎo)致飲食模式紊亂。）可知，在傳統(tǒng)飲食中，熱量限制會使得身體對獲得足夠熱量的渴望超過對任何對營養(yǎng)的渴望，最終導(dǎo)致飲食模式紊亂?？赏浦?，對于直覺性飲食而言，其鼓勵飲食者拒絕“好”和“壞”食物的想法使得人們誤解其可能會使得飲食中的營養(yǎng)缺失，所以劃線詞此處的和選項(xiàng)B“disappear”的含義“消失”相一致，故選B。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“inKeller’sexperience,aregistereddietitianinCalgary,intuitiveeatingcanhelpwithoverallweightmaintenance.Inaddition,intuitiveeatersdogainahealthierattitudetowardfood,paredtotraditionaldieters.”（根據(jù)凱勒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他是卡爾加里的一名注冊營養(yǎng)師，直覺性飲食可以幫助維持整體體重。此外，與傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)食者相比，直覺性飲食者對食物的態(tài)度更加健康。）可知，Keller認(rèn)為直覺性飲食可以幫助維持整體體重，且直覺性飲食者對食物的態(tài)度更加健康。由此推知，對于直覺飲食他是贊同的。故選A。19．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段“Althoughmostdietsvaryaccordingtowhatfoodsyoucaneat,theyallfollowthesameprincipleofrestrictiontoloseweight—youneedtoeatless.Thenowtrendydietofintuitiveeatingis,inasense,anantidiet:followersareencouragedtobasewhattheyeatonhowtheyfeel,notonprescribedlimitsorcaloriecounts.”（雖然大多數(shù)飲食根據(jù)你可以吃什么食物而有所不同，但它們都遵循同樣的減肥限制原則——你需要吃得更少。從某種意義上說，現(xiàn)在流行的直覺飲食是一種反對節(jié)食的飲食：鼓勵追隨者根據(jù)自己的感覺來決定吃什么，而不是根據(jù)規(guī)定的限制或卡路里計(jì)數(shù)。）第二段中“You’reencouragedtoalsogiveyourself“permission”toeatallfoods,torejecttheideaof“good”and“bad”foodsandtoacceptyournaturalbodyshape.Finally,youhelpmakeyourbodyhealthierbyaddingexercise,findingbetterwaysthanfoodtorelieveyouremotionsandslowlyshiftingtomorenutritiousfoodchoices.”（你也被鼓勵給自己吃所有食物的“許可”，拒絕“好”和“壞”食物的想法，并接受你自然的身體形狀。最后，通過增加鍛煉，找到比食物更好的方法來緩解情緒，慢慢地轉(zhuǎn)向更有營養(yǎng)的食物選擇，你的身體會變得更健康。）最后一段中“intuitiveeatingcanhelpwithoverallweightmaintenance.Inaddition,intuitiveeatersdogainahealthierattitudetowardfood,paredtotraditionaldieters.”（直覺性飲食可以幫助維持整體體重。此外，與傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)食者相比，直覺性飲食者對食物的態(tài)度更加健康。）可知，文章主要提到相對于傳統(tǒng)飲食中認(rèn)為節(jié)食可以增加健康，直覺性飲食鼓勵飲食者拒絕“好”和“壞”食物。通過更多的鍛煉，進(jìn)而變得更健康。因而本文主要講述針對直覺性飲食方法的討論，所以文章的標(biāo)題可以為“直覺性飲食是否勝過傳統(tǒng)飲食？”，故選A。6.（2023·四川涼山·統(tǒng)考一模）Inthesocialmediaage,teenagersaresharingmoreinformationaboutthemselvesonsocialmediasitesthaneverbefore.AccordingtoamonSenseMediaresearchstudy,morethaneightintenteenagershavevisitedasocialnetworkingsitelikeFacebook,andthreeoutfourteenagersnowhaveanaccountonasocialnetworkingsite.However,whilesocialmediasitescanimproveteenagers’municationabilities,expertssaythatsocialnetworkingcouldbeharmfultohealthyteenageselfesteem.HealtheducatorandmotivationalspeakerScottFriedbeganworkingwithteenagers22yearsago.Herecentlydevelopedanewlecture,“BrokenHeartednessandIntimacyintheAgeofSocialMedia,”todiscusswithteenagersthedifferencesbetweentheirpersonalitiesonlineandtheirtrueselves.“Thedefinitionofgrowingupisbringingtogethermanydifferentpartsofyourpersonality,”Friedsaid.“Asyougrow,theyturnintoonewholepersonality.Now,youhaveapersonalityatschool,athome,andonline.Thegoalofbeingateenageristobringtogetherallthesedifferentpartsthatareshownonlineinapleteway.”Friedusesthephrase“pareanddespair”todescribethebadeffectofsocialmedia/onteenageselfesteem.youpareyourselftosomeoneelse,you’reusuallygoingtoendupdespairing.”Friedsaid,“Oneoftheproblemswithsocialmediaisthatwethrowourbestselvesoutthere,orwhatweliketothinkofasourbestself.”PsychologistNadineDeCiordanysaysthatteenagerswhoalreadyhavelowselfesteemcangeteasilydepressedandgiveotherstheirlowselfesteem.Shethinkssocialmediaiscausingmoreandmoredepression.Sheaddsthatparentsshouldeducatetheirchildrenearlyonsocialmedia.“Teenagerscanuseawholelotofresourcesthataffectthewaytheydealwithpeerpressure,”DeGiordaiiysaid,“Asthechildisgrowingup,supervise(監(jiān)督)whatitisthattheyhaveaccessto.Thereisanagethatsocialmediaisappropriateforandthereisanagethatisn’tappropriatefor.”20．Whatdoestheresearchfind?A．About75%ofteenagershaveaFacebookaccount.B．Teenagersliketoshareopinionswithothersonsocialmedia.C．Socialmediausersgenerallyhavebettermunicationskills.D．Over80%ofteenagershaveaccesstoasocialnetworkingsite.21．WhatdoesScottFriedagreewith?A．Teenagersliketopetewithothersonsocialmedia.B．Teenagersoftengetridoftheirtrueselvesonsocialmedia.C．Teenagerspresentthesamepersonalityindifferentsituations.D．Teenagersliketoshowthegreatestpartsofthemselvesonsocialmedia.22．WhatisDeGiordany’ssuggestiontowardsusingsocialmedia?A．Socialmediashouldsetaminimumagelimit.B．Teenagersshouldhaverighttoanysocialnetworkingsites.C．Parentsshouldmonitorwhatisaccessibletotheirchildren.D．Teenagersshouldbefreetousesocialmediafortheirproblems.23．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Socialmediahavebadeffectsonteenagers.B．Moreandmoreteenagersusesocialmedia.C．Socialmediapromoteteenagers’municationskills.D．Teenagershavebetterdevelopedtheirpersonalitiesonline.【答案】20．D

21．D

22．C

23．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在社交媒體時代，青少年在社交媒體網(wǎng)站上分享的關(guān)于自己的信息比以往任何時候都多，但這些社交媒體會產(chǎn)生一些不良影響。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“AccordingtoamonSenseMediaresearchstudy,morethaneightintenteenagershavevisitedasocialnetworkingsitelikeFacebook,andthreeoutfourteenagersnowhaveanaccountonasocialnetworkingsite(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)常識媒體研究，超過80%的青少年訪問過像Facebook這樣的社交網(wǎng)站，現(xiàn)在四分之三的青少年在社交網(wǎng)站上有賬號)”可知，超過80%的青少年會使用社交媒體。故選D。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“Oneoftheproblemswithsocialmediaisthatwethrowourbestselvesoutthere,orwhatweliketothinkofasourbestself(社交媒體的一個問題是，我們把最好的自己，或者我們喜歡認(rèn)為的最好的自己，都展示出去了)”可知，F(xiàn)ried認(rèn)為青少年喜歡在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上展示自己最好的一面。故選D。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asthechildisgrowingup,supervise(監(jiān)督)whatitisthattheyhaveaccessto.(隨著孩子的成長，要監(jiān)督他們能接觸到的東西)”可知，DeGiordany建議父母要監(jiān)管孩子能接觸到的內(nèi)容。故選C。23．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inthesocialmediaage,teenagersaresharingmoreinformationaboutthemselvesonsocialmediasitesthaneverbefore(在社交媒體時代，青少年在社交媒體網(wǎng)站上分享的關(guān)于自己的信息比以往任何時候都多)”以及第三段“However,whilesocialmediasitescanimproveteenagers’municationabilities,expertssaythatsocialnetworkingcouldbeharmfultohealthyteenageselfesteem(然而，盡管社交媒體網(wǎng)站可以提高青少年的溝通能力，但專家表示，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能會損害青少年健康的自尊)”可知，本文主要介紹了青少年越發(fā)喜歡社交媒體，但是社交媒體也會對青少年有不良影響。故選A。7.（2023·貴州·統(tǒng)考一模）Themountainbongoantelope,oneoftheworld’smostendangeredanimals,islikelytocontinueroaminginthewildofKenyaforlongerduetointensifiedeffortstoprotectitfromextinction.Following18yearsofconservationefforts,staffmembersfromtheMountKenyaWildlifeConservancyreachedamilestonethisyear—thefirstbabymountainbongoborninthewild.Oneoftheworld’smostuniqueanimals,themountainbongoisthelargest,heaviestandmostcolorfuloftheforestantelopesinAfrica.EndemictoequatorialforestsandonlyfoundinKenya’swild,thisspecieshasseenadramaticdeclineinnumbers