2/2UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS單詞,短語,句型,語法專練(分層作業(yè))重點(diǎn)單詞1．frustratevt.使懊喪；使懊惱；使沮喪→adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的→adj.令人懊惱的；令人沮喪的→n．懊喪；懊惱；沮喪2．infectvt.使感染；傳染→n．感染；傳染3．provevt.證明→n證據(jù)；證明；檢驗4．intervenevt.介入；出面；干涉→n．介入；出面；干涉5．pureadj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→vt.使純凈；使?jié)崈?．initialadj.最初的；開始的；第一的→adv.開始；最初7．defendvt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→n．防御；防務(wù)8．leadv．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)致；通向→n．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者→n．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能→adj.最重要的；一流的9．steadyadj.穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的→adv.穩(wěn)定地；堅固地10．vividadj.生動的；鮮明的；豐富的→adv.生動地二．重點(diǎn)短語1．最終地；徹底地2．總的來說3．同意；贊同4.幸虧；由于5.處理；應(yīng)對；涉及；與……打交道6．依靠；信賴；取決于7．履行；執(zhí)行8．平靜下來9.突然開始；爆發(fā)10．主管；掌管11．comedown12．a(chǎn)boveall基礎(chǔ)鞏固一、單詞拼寫1．Morethanforty(杰出的)youngsingersfromeightcountrieshavebeenchosenforthisyear’sartfestival.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)2．Togetalongwellwithothers,wemustlearnto(處理)conflictscalmlyandwisely.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)3．Hewasnotdispleasedatthewayhehad(處理)theproblem.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）二、完成句子4．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe(非常熟悉的).(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)5．Peoplewho(接受挑戰(zhàn))werethosewhoweredeterminedandperseverant.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)6．StephenHawking(同意)thebigbangtheoryfromthebeginning.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)7．Thehotweatherispartly(對……負(fù)有責(zé)任)thewatershortage.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)8．Forsomepeople,theabilitytoachievesomething(與……緊密相關(guān))theirattitudes.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)三、翻譯9．似乎習(xí)慣早起的學(xué)生成績最好。(漢譯英)能力拓展四、完形填空WilliamThomsonWilliamThomsonwasbornon26June,1824.inBelfastHewastaughtbyhisfather,aprofessorofmathematics.In1832,thefamilymovedtoGlasgowwhereThomsonattendeduniversityattheageof10,thenstudiedatCambridgeandParisUniversities.In1846hebecameprofessorofnaturalphilosophyinGlasgow,aposthe10formorethan50years.InGlasgow,Thomson11thefirstphysicslaboratoryinBritain.Hewasapioneerinmanydifferent12,particularlyelectromagnetism（電磁學(xué)）andthermodynamics（熱力學(xué)）.13Faraday,hewasresponsiblefortheintroductionoftheconceptofanelectromagneticfield14Thomsondevelopedtheworkofthe15ofthesubject,NicolasCarnotandJamesJoule.Oneofthemost16resultsofhisworkwashisideaofanabsolutezerooftemperature-thescalebasedonthisisnamed17him.ThroughouthisworkThomson’smaingoalwasthepracticaluseofscience.Heachieved18throughhisworkonsubmarinetelegraphy,amajorpracticalproblemoftheday.Hewas19asascientificadviserinthelayingoftheAtlantictelegraphcablesin1857-1858and1865-1866，forwhichhewasknightedin1866.His20inmarineissuesalsoinspiredhimtodevelopamariners’compassand21atidemachineanddepth-measuringequipment.HeinventedmanyelectricalinstrumentsandhishouseinGlasgowwasthefirsttobe22byelectriclight.Thomsonwasraisedtothenoblemenwiththe23ofBaronKelvinofLargsin1892.TheKelvinwasasmallriverthatflowednearGlasgowUniversityandhewaspresidentoftheroyalSocietyfrom1890to1895.Hediedon17December,1907,inAyrshire,Scotlandandwas24inWestminsterAbbey.10．A．sought B．confirmed C．held D．a(chǎn)dmired11．A．tookup B．brokeup C．setup D．blewup12．A．fields B．countries C．labs D．colleges13．A．Inspiteof B．Exceptfor C．Togetherwith D．Regardlessof14．A．which B．when C．how D．where15．A．learners B．pioneers C．competitors D．leaders16．A．important B．obvious C．fortunate D．positive17．A．for B．with C．a(chǎn)fter D．on18．A．wealth B．fame C．contribution D．enthusiasm19．A．considered B．a(chǎn)ttracted C．employed D．a(chǎn)ccused20．A．hobby B．desire C．success D．interest21．A．operate B．invent C．control D．produce22．A．lit B．built C．decorated D．equipped23．A．title B．name C．honor D．a(chǎn)ward24．A．buried B．respected C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．preserved五、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Oneofthepremiermedical25(scientist)inthe21stcenturyisZhongNanshan.Bornin1936and26(graduate)fromPekingUniversityHealthScienceCenter,thisordinarybutgreatmanhasbeenworkinginthemedicalfieldforover40years.Heisagooddoctorinthepatients’eyesand27kindmedicalprofessorinhisstudents’aswell.In2003,SARSbroke28inChinaandacrosstheglobe.ZhongNanshannotonlyledbutalso29(take)anactivepartinthebattleagainstSARS.Atthattimemostpeoplehadno30(nature)defenseagainstthedisease.Dangerous31itwas,ZhongNanshanworkedhardtreatingSARSpatients.Meanwhileheunderlinedthefact32teamworkamongnationscouldsavelives.Through33(they)severalmonths’hardwork,ZhongNanshanandhisworkmatesachievedremarkableachievements.SoonSARS34(wipe)out.六、閱讀理解LouisPasteurwasaworld-famousFrenchchemistandbiologist.Heisparticularlyfamousforhisworkonrabiesvaccine（狂犬病疫苗）.Therabiesvirusentersthebodythroughthebiteofaninfectedanimalorthroughinfectedsalivaenteringanexistingwound.Afterexperimentingwiththesalivaofanimalssufferingfromthedisease,Pasteurconcludedthatthediseaserestsinthecentralnervoussystemofthebody.Bystudyingthetissuesofinfectedanimals--rabbits,Pasteurwasabletoproduceaformofthevirus.Thiscouldbeusedforinoculation（接種）.OnJuly6,1885,Pasteurtestedhispievaccineonamanforthefirsttime.HesavedthelifeofayoungmancalledJosephMeisterwhohadbeenbittenbyarabiddog.Pasteurwasurgedtotreathimwithhisnewmethod.Thetreatmentlasted10daysandattheendherecoveredandremainedhealthy.Sincethenthousandshavebeensavedbythistreatment.OnMarch1886，PasteurwasinvitedtopresenthisresultstotheAcademyofSciencesandin1888wentontofoundthePasteurInstituteinParis.Thiswasapioneeringclinicforthestudyofinfectiousdiseases,thetreatmentofrabiesandacentreforteaching.Pasteurdirectedtheinstitutepersonallyuntilhedied.ThePasteurInstituteisstilloneofthemostimportantcentresintheworld.Pasteurbecameanationalheroandwashonoredinmanyways.HediedatSaint-CloudonSeptember28,1895andwasgivenastatefuneralattheCathedralofNotreDame.ModificationsofthePasteurmethodarestillusedinrabiestreatmenttoday.Anewervaccinewhichcontainstheviruspreparedfromhumancellsgrowninthelaboratoryissaferandrequiresashortercourseofinjections.35．Apersoncandeveloprabies.A．ifheisbittenbyarabbitB．ifhetouchesinfectedsalivaC．ifinfectedsalivaentershiswoundD．ifhetouchesaninfectedanimal36．Rabiesprobablycandestroyaperson’s.A．nervoussystem B．bloodC．skin D．saliva37．WhatcanwelearnaboutPasteur'stestofhisvaccineontheman？A．Themanwassenttoaclinictendayslater.B．Itdidn’tsavetheman'slife.C．Itprovedtobeagreatsuccess.D．Themanwashissecondpatient.38．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Pasteur’srabiesvaccineisoutofdateB．Anewrabiesvaccinehasalreadybeentestedonpatients.C．Injectionsofvaccinestilltakemuchtime.D．Muchimprovementhasbeenmadeonrabiesvaccine.Berlin-basedGreenCitySolutionsbelievesitsmoss(苔蘚)walls,calledCityTrees,whichareabout4m2insize,canfilter(過濾)upto80%ofpollutionparticles(微粒)outoftheair,includingthetinyoneslinkedtolungdiseases.Thewallscollectrainwater,whichispumpedthroughawateringsystemtotheplantsusingsolarenergy.Thesealsodrivefanstoincreaseairflowthroughtheplants.Asaresult,thecompanysaysitsproductfilters3,500m3ofairanhour,whichisequaltothetotalamountofairbreathedby7,000peopleinthattime.AlisonHaynesattheUniversityofWollongongandhercolleaguesrecentlylookedathoweffectivelymossandtreesreducedpollution.TheyfoundthatmosswasuptofourtimesbetterattrappingparticlesthanthenativeAustraliantree.Butthisdoesn’tmeanmosswallswillnecessarilyprotectpeoplefrompollutionatbusybusstops,saysZoranRistovskiattheQueenslandUniversityofTechnology.Inasmallroom,amosswallonlyneedstofilterarelativelysmallamountofnewaireachhour,buttensorhundredsoftimesthisamountofairispushedpastbybuses,hesays.Therefore,amosswallinastreetisunlikelytomakeanydifference.Differentsolutionswillbeneeded,saysRubyMichaelatGriffithUniversity.Wherestreetsarecrowdedwithtallbuildingsonbothsides,shesays,treeplantingcanbackfire(適得其反)becausetreescanreduceairflowandthereforemosswallsmaybeabetteroption.Citiesareunlikelytorushtoreplacetheirtreesjustyet.“It’simportanttorememberthatstreettreesprovideawholehostofotherbenefits,includinghabitatforurbanwildlife,shelterfromthesunforpeopleonthestreet,andreductionofurbanheatislands,”saysMichael.39．WhatisthemainfunctionofCityTrees?A．Reusingrainwater.B．Curinglungdiseases.C．Improvingairquality.D．Greeningurbanareas.40．WhatdoesZoranRistovskisayaboutmosswalls?A．Theyworkbetteronbusystreets.B．Theyaresuitablefordomesticuse.C．Theymayfailtoservetheirpurpose.D．Theyareunlikelytotackleterribletraffic.41．WhichofthefollowingmightRubyMichaelagreewith?A．Streettreescauseurbanheatislands.B．BuildingCityTreesisatthetopofthelist.C．Mosswallsaroundtallbuildingsshouldberemoved.D．Measuresshouldbeadoptedaccordingtolocalconditions.42．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Abettersolutiontoairpollution.B．Anewpathtowardshealthierair.C．Thebigbenefitsofadoptingmosswalls.D．Thecomparisonbetweenmossandtrees.ThingsYouShouldStopDoingtoBeSuccessfulAreyouahappyperson？Howoftendoyouthinkofreasonswhyeveryonearoundyouissuccessfulthoughtheyarenotbetterthanyouingeneral?Whatdoyoudowrong?Herearesomethingsyoushouldstopdoingtobesuccessful.?43Differentpeoplemayinterpret“success”indifferentways:someofthemmeasureitinmoney,andotheronesinpositivechangestopeoplearoundthemandtheworldingeneral.44Don’tworryaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkbutcareaboutwhatmakesyouhappy.?Donotbelieveanythingwithoutquestioningit.45Theyarecriticalthinkers,andtheyunderstandthatweallareruledbyourprejudic