2/22022屆湖北省武漢市武昌區(qū)高三上學(xué)期元月調(diào)研考試英語試題學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________一、閱讀理解ThreeTypesofRenewableEnergySourcesWaterPowerWaterpoweristheworld’sbiggestsourceofrenewableenergybyfar,withChina,Brazil,Canada,theU.S.,andRussiatheleadingwaterpowerproducers.Whilewaterpowerisacleanenergysourceprovidedbyrainandsnow,italsohasseveraldrawbacks.Largedamscandamageriverecosystemsandsurroundingcommunities,harmingwildlifeanddisplacingresidents.Evenwaterpoweratfullcapacitybearsitsownemissionsproblems,asrottingorganicmaterialinreservoirsreleasesmethane(甲烷,沼氣).Damsaren’ttheonlywaytousewaterforpower.Tidalandwaveenergyprojectsaroundtheworldaimtocapturetheocean’snaturalrhythms.Thepotentialmarineenergyisgreat.WindPowerWindturbines(渦輪)aregrowingaroundtheglobe,andChina,theU.S.,andGermanyaretheleadingwindenergyproducers.Somepeoplemayobjecttohowwindturbineslookonthehorizon(地平線)andtohowtheysound,butwindenergy,whosepricesaredeclining,isprovingtoovaluablearesourcetodeny.Anotherproblemwithwindturbinesisthatthey’readangerforbirdsandbats,killinghundredsofthousandsannuallythatengineersareworkingonsolutionstomakethemsaferforflyingwildlife.SolarPowerFromhomerooftopstofarms,solarpowerisreshapingenergymarketsaroundtheworld.Inadditiontosolarpanels,whichchangethesun’slighttoelectricity,concentratingsolarpower(CSP)plantsusemirrorstoconcentratethesun’sheat,gettingthermalenergy.Solarthermalenergyisalsobeingusedworldwideforhotwater,heating,andcooling.China,Japan,andtheU.S.areleadingthesolartransformation,butsolarstillhasalongwaytogo.1．Whichcountryistheleadingproducerofallthethreerenewableenergies?A．China. B．Japan. C．Germany. D．Russia.2．Whatmayreducethedisadvantagesofwaterpower?A．Gatheringorganicmaterialinreservoirs.B．Employingalternativewatersources.C．MovingresidentsawayfromdamsD．Usingwaterpoweratfullcapacity.3．Whatisaproblemwiththewindturbines?A．Theycosttoomuch.B．Theyoccupymuchspace.C．Theycausenoisepollution.D．Theyaffectflyingwildlife’shealth.【答案】1．A2．B3．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了三種可再生資源。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WaterPower部分中的第一句“Waterpoweristheworld’sbiggestsourceofrenewableenergybyfar,withChina,Brazil,Canada,theU.S.,andRussiatheleadingwaterpowerproducers.(水力發(fā)電是迄今為止世界上最大的可再生能源來源，中國、巴西、加拿大、美國和俄羅斯是主要的水力發(fā)電國)”和WindPower部分中的第一句“Windturbines(渦輪)aregrowingaroundtheglobe,andChina,theU.S.,andGermanyaretheleadingwindenergyproducers.(風(fēng)力渦輪機在全球范圍內(nèi)不斷增長，中國、美國和德國是主要的風(fēng)能生產(chǎn)國)”及SolarPower部分中的最后一句“China,Japan,andtheU.S.areleadingthesolartransformation,butsolarstillhasalongwaytogo.(中國、日本和美國正在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)太陽能改造，但太陽能仍有很長的路要走)”可知，中國在這三種可再生資源的生產(chǎn)中都處于主導(dǎo)地位。故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)WaterPower部分中最后一段“Damsaren’ttheonlywaytousewaterforpower.Tidalandwaveenergyprojectsaroundtheworldaimtocapturetheocean’snaturalrhythms.Thepotentialmarineenergyisgreat.(水壩并不是用水發(fā)電的唯一途徑。世界各地的潮汐和波浪能項目旨在捕捉海洋的自然節(jié)奏。海洋能源潛力巨大)”可知，除了水壩以外，還有潮汐和波浪能可以利用，以減少水電發(fā)電所造成的影響。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WindPower部分中第二段“Somepeoplemayobjecttohowwindturbineslookonthehorizon(地平線)andtohowtheysound,butwindenergy,whosepricesaredeclining,isprovingtoovaluablearesourcetodeny.(有些人可能會反對風(fēng)力渦輪機的外觀和聲音，但風(fēng)能的價格正在下降，被證明是一種太有價值的資源，不容否認)”可知，風(fēng)力發(fā)電存在的問題是噪音污染。故選C。Throughouthistory,manyoftheworld’sgreatestartistsneverachievedtremendousfameuntilaftertheirdeath.That’sthecaseofVivianMaier,who’snowconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantAmericanstreetphotographersofthelastcentury,alongsidefamousnameslikeDianeArbusandHenriCartier-Bresson.Butsheremainedunknownformuchofherlife,anditwasonlyachanceencounterwithaboxofnegativesthatputherinthespotlight.Detailsofherlifeareunclear,butshewasborninNewYorkCityinthe1920stoEuropeanparents.MaiergrewupinFrancebeforereturningtotheU.S.,whereshespentseveraldecadesworkingasanannyinChicagotowealthyfamilies.DuringherdaysoffMaieristhoughttohavetakenmorethan100,000photographsofpeopleandcityscenesinChicago,yetshekeptthephotostoherself-manyofthemneverdeveloped.Skipaheadto2007,aChicagohistorianandcollector,JohnMaloof,cameacrossMaier’sworkbyaccidentafterpurchasingaboxoftensofthousandsofundevelopednegativesfor$380Satanauction(拍賣).Ashedevelopedthem,Maloofrealizedtheyweremorethanjustphotos.Hewaslookingatevocative(喚起)artillustratingaChicagoofthemid-20-centurythatnobodyhadneverseen.Maloofworkedtouncoverwhothephotographerwas,acquiringmoreandmoreofherwork.Butbeforehecouldlocateher,Maierhadalreadypassedawayin2009,havingslippedoniceandneverrecoveringfromherheadinjury.WhileMaloofresearchedMaier’swork,moredetailsemerged.Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.AccordingtoMaloof,thechildrenMaiertookcareofknewshewasconstantlytakingphotos,yetshenevershowedherphotostoanyone.Maieralsotraveledaroundtheworld,asindicatedbysomeofherphotos.OthercollectorsbegantoacquireMaier’sphotos,butMaloofownsmuchofherwork.Hereleasedabook,VivianMaier:StreetPhotographer,in2011,andhisdocumentary,FindingVivianMaier,cameoutin2013.4．WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeVivian’slife?A．Risky. B．Wealthy. C．Mysterious. D．Miserable.5．WhatdoweknowaboutVivianMaier?A．ShewasborninFrance.B．Sheneverdevelopedherphotos.C．Sheenjoyedgreatfameinherlife.D．ShetookphotosofChicagoandothercities.6．WhatdidMaloofdoafterhefoundMaier’sphotos?A．HeapproachedMaier’sformeremployers.B．Hemanagedtomeettheartistintheflesh.C．HereleasedacollectionofMaier’swork.D．Hepurchasedmoredevelopednegatives.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutVivianMaier’sphotos?A．Theywerepresentedtoheremployers.B．Theyweremeanttoearnherafortune.C．Theyweretakenbyaprofessionalartist.D．Theywereofartisticandhistoricalvalue.【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了美國業(yè)余街頭攝影師VivianMaier及其作品的發(fā)現(xiàn)過程。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Butsheremainedunknownformuchofherlife,anditwasonlyachanceencounterwithaboxofnegativesthatputherinthespotlight.(但她一生中的大部分時間都默默無聞，一次偶然的機會，一盒底片讓她成為了聚光燈下的焦點)”及第二段第一句“Detailsofherlifeareunclear,butshewasborninNewYorkCityinthe1920stoEuropeanparents.(她的生活細節(jié)尚不清楚，但她于20世紀(jì)20年代出生于紐約，父母是歐洲人)”可知，關(guān)于VivianMaier的生活，人們了解的并不多，因此可以用“神秘”來形容她的一生。故選C。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.(她的雇主說，她不愛說話，會在空閑時間用Rolleiflex相機在芝加哥街頭拍照)”和最后一句“Maieralsotraveledaroundtheworld,asindicatedbysomeofherphotos.(Maier還周游世界，她的一些照片表明了這一點)”可知，VivianMaier拍攝了芝加哥及其他城市的照片。故選D。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“WhileMaloofresearchedMaier’swork,moredetailsemerged.Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.(當(dāng)Maloof研究Maier的作品時，更多的細節(jié)浮出水面。她的雇主說，她不愛說話，會在空閑時間用Rolleiflex相機在芝加哥街頭拍照)”可推知，Maloof在發(fā)現(xiàn)Maier的作品后，為了更好地了解她，聯(lián)系了她之前的雇主。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二和第三兩句“Ashedevelopedthem,Maloofrealizedtheyweremorethanjustphotos.Hewaslookingatevocative(喚起)artillustratingaChicagoofthemid-20-centurythatnobodyhadneverseen.(當(dāng)他將底片沖洗出來后，Maloof意識到它們不僅僅是照片。他看到的是能夠喚起人們懷舊的、描繪了一個無人見過的20世紀(jì)中期的芝加哥的藝術(shù))”可知，VivianMaier所拍攝的照片兼具藝術(shù)和歷史價值。故選D。IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.Iregularlygete-mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.TowhichIrespond,“Transfer(轉(zhuǎn)學(xué))highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofafirst-ratemodernwisdom!Also,don’tdodrugs!”Icanexpecttobesendingmoreofthesee-mailsbecauseoftheCommonCoreStateStandards(共同核心國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),whichpublicschoolsareencouragedtofollow.Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays,‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”Iagreewiththis,butnoonehaseveraskedmeforamarketanalysis.Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear,tightlystructurednonfiction.Andindeed,thefirsttimeIwriteinanewformat-travelessay,screenplay,apologye-mail-Ireadabunchofexamples.ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.Fictionteachesyouhowtotellastory,whichishowweexpressandremembernearlyeverything.Anyway,schoolisn’tmerelytrainingforwork;it’strainingforcommunicationthroughoutourlives.8．Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhiscolumnwasusedasstudents’assignment?A．Proud. B．Satisfied. C．Concerned. D．Disappointed.9．WhatshouldhighschoolsdoaccordingtoDavidColeman?A．Stressnonfiction.B．Readmorefiction.C．Teachmarketanalysis.D．Encouragewriting.10．WhydoesthewriterturntoaGeorgeW.Bushspeech?A．Tocreatewords. B．Tobetterhiswriting.C．Totellastory. D．Tofollowtheformat.11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theshiftofteachingtechniques.B．ThetrendofreadingShakespeare.C．Theeffectsofthenewcurriculumstandards.D．TheproblemwithAmericaneducationsystem.【答案】8．C9．A10．B11．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了美國教育系統(tǒng)的問題。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Iregularlygete-mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.TowhichIrespond,“Transfer(轉(zhuǎn)學(xué))highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofafirst-ratemodernwisdom!Also,don’tdodrugs!”(我經(jīng)常收到學(xué)生的電子郵件，詢問我的寫作技巧和其他我從未聽說過的事情。對此，我的回答是：“馬上轉(zhuǎn)高中！轉(zhuǎn)到一個教授莎士比亞和荷馬，而不是對一流現(xiàn)代智慧進行深思熟慮的評論的高中，還有，不要吸毒！”)”可推斷，當(dāng)他的專欄被用作學(xué)生的作業(yè)后，作者是擔(dān)憂的。故選C。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays,‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”(新的課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)極大地改變了全國大約一半的高中英語閱讀清單，強調(diào)非虛構(gòu)。美國大學(xué)理事會新任主席戴維·科爾曼是“共同核心”的主要創(chuàng)始人之一，他在去年的一次演講中說，“在工作環(huán)境中，很少有人說，‘約翰遜，周五前我需要一份市場分析報告，但在此之前，我需要一份你童年的生動描述?！?”和第三段“Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear,tightlystructurednonfiction.(科爾曼的想法是，通過閱讀清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的非虛構(gòu)類文章，孩子們將學(xué)會如何寫出清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的非虛構(gòu)類文章。)”可知，根據(jù)戴維·科爾曼的觀點，高中應(yīng)該強調(diào)非虛構(gòu)。故選A。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.(但當(dāng)我想提高寫作水平時，我會閱讀一些迫使我以不同方式思考詞語的東西：一本小說、一首詩、喬治·W·布什的演講。)”可知，作者尋求喬治·W·布什的演講是為了更好地提高自己的寫作。故選B。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.(在我開始寫專欄之前，我并不擔(dān)心美國的教育體系，因為那時我發(fā)現(xiàn)有英語老師把我的專欄作為閱讀材料。)”及全文可知，文章主要討論了美國教育系統(tǒng)的問題。故選D。Despitelivingbeyond80s,“super-agers”havethephysicalabilityandcognitive(認知的)functionofpeoplemuchyounger,whichhaslongbeenpuzzlingscientists.Butresearchersmayhavediscoveredwhysuper-agersareabletostaysomentallysharp:theneurons(神經(jīng)元)intheirentorhinalcortex,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforstoringmemories,aremuchlargerthanthoseoftheiraveragepeers.Furthermore,theseneuronsshownosignoftautangles(蛋白病),whichlimitthecommunicationbetweenneuronsandarealarmingsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease.“TounderstandhowandwhypeoplemayberesistanttodevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease,it’simportanttocloselyinvestigatethebrainsofsuper-agers,”saidleadresearcherTamarGefen,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryandbehaviouralsciencesatNorthwesternUniversity.Tomakethediscovery,theresearchersexaminedthebrainsofsixsuper-agers,sevencognitivelyaverageelderlyindividuals,sixyoungindividualsandfiveindividualsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.“Theremarkableobservationthatsuper-agersshowedlargerneuronsthantheiryoungerpeersmayimplythatlargecellswerepresentfrombirthandaremaintainedstructurallythroughouttheirlives.Weconcludethatlargerneuronsareabiologicalsignatureofthesuper-ageing.”Theresearchersconcentratedtheirstudiesontheentorhinalcortexasit’soneofthefirstlocationstobeaffectedbyAlzheimer’sdisease.Theneuronsthatformthispartwerefoundtobebiggerinsuper-agersthaninalloftheothergroupsinthestudy,eventhosewhowere20to30yearsyounger.Theywerealsofoundtobefreefromtautangles.“Inthisstudy,weshowthatinAlzheimer’sdisease,neuronalshrinkingintheentorhinalcortexappearstobeacharacteristicmarkerofthedisease,”Gefensaid.“Wesuspectthisprocessisafunctionoftautangleformationintheaffectedcellsleadingtopoormemoryabilitiesinolderage.Identifyingthiscontributingfactor-andeverycontributingfactor-iscrucialtotheearlyidentificationofAlzheimer’s,monitoringitscourseandguidingtreatment.”Theresearchersarenowplanningfurtherstudiestotryandfigureoutwhysuper-agershavesuchlargerneurons.12．Whatdoresearchersfindabout“super-agers”?A．Theyhaveweakcognitiveability.B．TheyarelikelytosufferAlzheimer’sneurons.C．Tautanglescanbecommonlyfoundintheirbrains.D．Someoftheirbrainneuronsarelargerthantheirpeers’.13．HowdidTamarGefencarryouthisresearch?A．Byobservingthefunctionofneuronformation.B．Bylimitingthecommunicationbetweenneurons.C．Byexaminingthebrainsofmultiplegroupsofpeople.D．Bytrackingthelargecellsinsuper-agers’brainsfrombirth.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrinking”meaninParagraph5?A．Adapting. B．Becomingsmaller.C．Expanding. D．Growingflexible.15．Whichofthefollowingisnotyetidentifiedbytheresearchers?A．Whysuper-agersarefreefromtautangles.B．WhataretypicalsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease.C．Whichpartofthebrainisinchargeofmemorystorage.D．Whetherlargeneuronsareconnectedwithsuper-ageing.【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。研究人員通過測驗證明超級老人的內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元比同齡老年人的要大得多，這也是超級老人雖然年老卻依然可以保持體能和認知能力的原因。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Butresearchersmayhavediscoveredwhysuper-agersareabletostaysomentallysharp:theneurons(神經(jīng)元)intheirentorhinalcortex,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforstoringmemories,aremuchlargerthanthoseoftheiraveragepeers.(但研究人員可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了為什么超級老人能夠保持如此敏銳的精神：他們的內(nèi)嗅皮層（大腦中負責(zé)存儲記憶的部分）中的神經(jīng)元比他們的普通同齡人大得多)”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)超級老人的神經(jīng)元與同齡的普通老人的相比要大。故選D。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Tomakethediscovery,theresearchersexaminedthebrainsofsixsuper-agers,sevencognitivelyaverageelderlyindividuals,sixyoungindividualsandfiveindividualsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.(為了證明這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究人員測驗了6名超級老年人、7名認知能力一般的老年人、6名年輕人和5名阿爾茨海默病早期患者的大腦)”可知，這項研究是通過對多組不同人群的大腦進行測驗來完成的。故選C。14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theneuronsthatformthispartwerefoundtobebiggerinsuper-agersthaninalloftheothergroupsinthestudy,eventhosewhowere20to30yearsyounger.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超級老人組中形成這一部分的神經(jīng)元比所有其他組中的神經(jīng)元都大，即使是那些20到30歲的年輕人)”可知，其他組別包括阿爾茨海默癥組接受測驗的人員，其大腦中內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元的大小都小于超級老人組的。結(jié)合劃線詞所在句“Inthisstudy,weshowthatinAlzheimer’sdisease,neuronalshrinkingintheentorhinalcortexappearstobeacharacteristicmarkerofthedisease(在這項研究中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在阿爾茨海默病中，內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元萎縮似乎是該病的特征性標(biāo)志)”可推知，阿爾茨海默癥與內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元的大小有關(guān)，超級老人的內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元大，那么患阿爾茨海默癥的人內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元應(yīng)該會越來越小，由此推出，劃線詞shrinking表達的是“越來越小”的意思。故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Wesuspectthisprocessisafunctionoftautangleformationintheaffectedcellsleadingtopoormemoryabilitiesinolderage.(我們懷疑這一過程是受細胞中tautangle這種物質(zhì)形成的影響，導(dǎo)致老年人記憶能力下降)”可知，細胞中形成了tautangle這種物質(zhì)，這種物質(zhì)使得內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元萎縮，因而老年人記憶力下降，而超級老人的內(nèi)嗅皮層神經(jīng)元很大，顯然其細胞中沒有形成tautangle這種物質(zhì)，結(jié)合最后一句“Theresearchersarenowplanningfurtherstudiestotryandfigureoutwhysuper-agershavesuchlargerneurons.(研究人員現(xiàn)在正在計劃進一步的研究，試圖弄清楚為什么超級老人有如此大的神經(jīng)元)”可知，研究人員還沒有弄清楚為什么超級老人的細胞中沒有tautangle這種物質(zhì)。故選A。二、七選五Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirit:wecannotflowerandgrowwithoutit.Andyet,whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothersthecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.16Perhapsit’sbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.Instead,weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthisdefensivereaction,directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly,inaletterorpassedonbyafriend.It’sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.17Acookispraisedforaperfectmeal.Butdoyouevertellyourlaundrymanagerhowpleasedyouarewhentheshirtsaredonejustright?Doyoueverpraiseyourpaperboyforgettingthepapertoyouontime365daysayear?Praiseisparticularlyappreciatedbythosedoingroutinejobs:gasstationattendants,waitresses-evenhousewives.

18Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives,surelysheofallpeopleshouldgethermeasure.19Itonlytakesamoment’sthoughtandamoment’seffortperhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment,orfiveminutesspentwritinganappreciativeletter.Itissuchasmallinvestmentandyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce.20So,let’sbealerttothesmallexcellencesaroundusandcommentonthem.Wewillnotonlybringjoyintootherpeople’slives,butalso,veryoften,addhappinessintoourown.A．Weareaccustomedtoacceptingpraise.B．Astudentisignoreddespitehisgoodwork.C．Togivepraisecoststhegiveralmostnothing.D．It’sstrangehowcautiousweareaboutpraisingE．Shakespearesaid,“Ourpraisesareourwages.”F．Anartistgetscomplimentedforagloriouspicture.G．“Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodcompliment,”saidMarkTwain.【答案】16．D17．F18．E19．C20．G【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了贊美別人所帶來的好處。16．分析設(shè)空可知，空處位于段首，是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“Instead,weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.

Becauseofthisdefensivereaction,directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.

Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly,inaletterorpassedonbyafriend.(相反，我們感到尷尬，對我們真正高興聽到的話不屑一顧。由于這種防御反應(yīng)，直接的贊美是非常困難的。這就是為什么一些最有價值的鼓勵是來自于間接的，來自于一封信或朋友的傳遞)”可知，本段主要是在講，我們不會隨便贊美他人，所以D項“It’sstrangehowcautiousweareaboutpraising.(奇怪的是，我們對贊美是如此謹慎)”符合文意。故選D項。17．根據(jù)前文“It’sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.(在那些努力通常被忽視或不被提及的領(lǐng)域給予表揚尤其有益)”可知，本段主要講述了給那些被忽視或不被提及的人以鼓勵會更有益，再根據(jù)后文“Acookispraisedforaperfectmeal.(廚師因一頓完美的飯菜而受到表揚)”可知，此處在舉反例，所以空處應(yīng)也是反例，所以F項“Anartistgetscomplimentedforagloriouspicture.(一位藝術(shù)家因一幅輝煌的畫而受到稱贊)”符合文意。故選F項。18．根據(jù)后文“Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives,surelysheofallpeopleshouldgethermeasure.(既然贊美常常是一個家庭主婦唯一得到的報酬，那么她當(dāng)然應(yīng)該得到她應(yīng)得的報酬)”可知，贊美常常是有些人得到的唯一報酬。所以E項“Shakespearesaid,“Ourpraisesareourwages.”(莎士比亞說過:“贊美是我們的工資。”)”后句是對本句的進一步說明，符合文意，其中wage為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選E項。19．分析設(shè)空可知，空處位于段首，是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“Itonlytakesamoment’sthoughtandamoment’seffortperhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment,orfiveminutesspentwritinganappreciativeletter.

Itissuchasmallinvestmentandyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce.(這只需要片刻的思考和片刻的努力，也許是一個快速的電話傳遞贊美，或花五分鐘寫一封感激的信。這是一筆很小的投資，但考慮一下它可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果)”可知，贊美他人不需要什么代價，所以C項“Togivepraisecoststhegiveralmostnothing.(給予贊美者幾乎不需要付出任何代價)”符合文意。故選C項。20．分析設(shè)空可知，空處位于段尾，應(yīng)該是對前文的總結(jié)或者前句的說明，根據(jù)前文“Itissuchasmallinvestmentandyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce.(這是一筆很小的投資，但考慮一下它可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果)”可知，后文應(yīng)寫后果，所以G項““Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodcompliment,”saidMarkTwain.(馬克·吐溫說過：“只憑一句贊美的話我就可以充實地活上兩個月?！?”符合文意。故選G項。三、完形填空Recently,asInearedthetopofadifficult35footclimbatthelocalclimbinggym,Imadeadynamicmovetoreachthelasthold.Myrighthand21thesmall,awkwardlyplacedhold,butIcouldn’t22,andmybodyfellawayfromthewall.Fallslikethishappenallthetime.Theropecatchesyou,andyourestintheair23gettingbacktotrythemoveagain.Thistime,24,somethingwentterriblywrong.IglanceddownasIfellfromthehold,andwatchedin25astheroperacedthroughtheharness(保護帶)anddisappearedfromview.WhenIhittheground,a26impactrushedthroughmybody.27,Ilandedonmyrightside.HadIbeenupright,orinjustaboutanyother28,Iwouldprobablyhavebrokenmylegs,andpossiblymyback.Still,Ibrokemyright29,buttheemergencymedicaltechnicianstoldmewith30thatIwasn’tparalyzed(癱瘓的).ThatwasmybiggestfearandIrealizedI’d31thefall.Somehow,I’dtiedabadknotwhenI32theropetomyharness.Ihadsurgeryonmyankle,andI’minawheelchairforacouplemonths,butI’mjusta33totheworldofdisability.NowIcanfeeltheanklegetting34bytheday.Forallofthat,Iamdeeply35.21．A．struck B．grabbed C．moved D．wiped22．A．letloose B．breakaway C．givein D．hangon23．A．a(chǎn)fter B．before C．while D．during24．A．however B．otherwise C．somewhat D．meanwhile25．A．fear B．relief C．delight D．excitement26．A．mild B．slight C．violent D．negative27．A．Hopelessly B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Thankfully28．A．style B．state C．position D．place29．A．a(chǎn)rm B．foot C．knee D．a(chǎn)nkle30．A．difficulty B．worry C．certainty D．caution31．A．escaped B．survived C．defeated D．ended32．A．secured B．a(chǎn)dded C．wrapped D．carried33．A．visitor B．witness C．messenger D．bystander34．A．thinner B．fatter C．weaker D．better35．A．regretful B．grateful C．thoughtful D．respectful【答案】21．B22．D23．B24．A25．A26．C27．D28．C29．D30．C31．B32．A33．A34．D35．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了“我”在攀巖館進行高難度攀爬時因為安保措施做的不到位，摔了下來而導(dǎo)致腳踝受傷，但沒有落下殘疾并逐步在康復(fù)，為此心存感激的故事。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的右手抓住了那個小小的、笨拙的把手，但我堅持不住了，我從墻上掉了下來。A.struck碰撞，擊打；B.grabbed抓??；C.moved移動；D.wiped擦，抹掉。根據(jù)“Imadeadynamicmovetoreachthelasthold.（我做了一個有力的動作最后一次去夠那個把手。）”和“mybodyfellawayfromthewall（我從墻上掉了下來）”可知，“我”當(dāng)時抓住了那個把手，只是沒能堅持住。故選B項。22．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我的右手抓住了那個小小的、笨拙的把手，但我堅持不住了，我從墻上掉了下來。A.letloose放出，放開；B.breakaway掙脫；C.givein屈服；D.hangon堅持。根據(jù)“mybodyfellawayfromthewall（我從墻上掉了下來）”可知，“我”不能再堅持抓住那個把手了。故選D項。23．考查介詞和連詞詞義辨析。句意：繩子纏在你身上，你在空中懸浮著，然后再回來嘗試這個動作。A.after在……之后；B.before在……之前；C.while當(dāng)……時候；D.during在……期間。根據(jù)“Theropecatchesyou,andyourestintheair.（繩子纏在你身上，你在空中停留。）”可知，攀巖時在安全繩的保護下，你在空中一次又一次地去接觸崖壁的頂端，即在嘗試做出接觸崖壁動作之前，你的身體在半空中懸浮著。故選B項。24．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這一次出了嚴重的問題。A.however然而；B.otherwise否則，要不然；C.somewhat稍微；D.meanwhile同時。根據(jù)“Fallslikethishappenallthetime.（像這樣的跌倒總是發(fā)生。）”和“Thistimesomethingwentterriblywrong.（這一次出了嚴重的問題。）”可知，這一次的經(jīng)歷不同于往常，語義發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折。故選A項。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我失手從把手掉下來時，我往下瞥了一眼，驚恐地看著繩子穿過保護帶，消失在我的視野中。A.fear恐懼；B.relief慰藉；C.delight高興；D.excitement興奮。根據(jù)“astheroperacedthroughtheharnessanddisappearedfromview.（看著繩子穿過保護帶，消失在我的視野中）”可知，“我”在下落過程中看不見安全繩了，因此心中定會感到很大的恐懼。故選A項。26．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我撞到地面時，一股猛烈的沖擊力穿過我的身體。A.mild溫和的；B.slight輕微的；C.violent猛烈的；D.negative否定的。根據(jù)“WhenIhittheground（當(dāng)我撞到地面時）”可知，失去保護措施后，“我”撞到地面上肯定會感受到猛烈的沖擊力。故選C項。27．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：謝天謝地，我右側(cè)著地。A.Hopelessly絕望地；B.Surprisingly令人驚訝地；C.Unfortunately不幸地；D.Thankfully謝天謝地，幸虧。根據(jù)“HadIbeenupright,…,Iwouldprobablyhavebrokenmylegs,andpossiblymyback.（如果我是站著的，或者是其他任何姿勢，我可能會摔斷我的腿，可能還會摔斷我的背。）”可知，謝天謝地，“我”當(dāng)時慶幸自己是右側(cè)著地，要不然可能會有更嚴重的后果。故選D項。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我是站著的，或者是其他任何姿勢，我可能會摔斷我的腿，可能還會摔斷我的背。A.style方式；B.state狀態(tài)；C.position位置，姿勢；D.place地方。根據(jù)“HadIbeenupright（如果我是站著的）”可知，or后面表示的是“如果我是以其他任何姿勢的話”。故選C項。29．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管如此，我的右腳踝還是骨折了，但緊急醫(yī)療技術(shù)人員肯定地告訴我，我沒有癱瘓。A.arm胳膊；B.foot腳；C.knee膝蓋；D.ankle腳踝。根據(jù)“Ihadsurgeryonmyankle,andI’minawheelchairforacouplemonths.（我做了腳踝手術(shù)，坐了幾個月輪椅。）”可知，“我”傷到了腳踝。故選D項。30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管如此，我的右腳踝還是骨折了，但緊急醫(yī)療技術(shù)人員肯定地告訴我，我沒有癱瘓。A.difficulty困難；B.worry擔(dān)心；C.certainty確定；D.caution謹慎。根據(jù)“Still,Ibrokemyrightankle.（盡管如此，我的右腳踝還是骨折了。）”和but（表示轉(zhuǎn)折）可知，說明醫(yī)護人員肯定“我”不會落下殘疾。故選C項。31．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我最大的恐懼，我意識我在這次摔落中腳踝得以幸免，沒有殘疾。A.escaped逃跑；B.survived幸存；C.defeated擊?。籇.ended結(jié)束。根據(jù)“buttheemergencymedicaltechnicianstoldmewithcertaintythatIwasn’tparalyzed（但緊急醫(yī)療技術(shù)人員肯定地告訴我，我沒有癱瘓。）”可知，“我”在這次摔落中腳踝得以幸免，沒有殘疾。故選B項。32．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不知怎么的，當(dāng)我把繩子系在保護帶上時，我沒有打好結(jié)。A.secured拴牢，扣緊；B.added增加；C.wrapped包裹；D.carried運送。根據(jù)“I’dtiedabadknot.（我沒有打好結(jié)。）”和“theroperacedthroughtheharnessanddisappearedfromview（繩子快速穿過保護帶然后從視野中消失了。）”可知，“我”將繩索固定到保護帶時沒有扣緊。故選A項。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的腳踝做了手術(shù)，我在輪椅上坐了幾個月，但我只是殘疾世界的訪客。A.visitor參觀者，游客；B.witness目擊者；C.messenger信使；D.bystander旁觀者。根據(jù)“Ihadsurgeryonmyankle,andI’minawheelchairforacouplemonths.（我做了腳踝手術(shù)，坐了幾個月輪椅。）”和but（表示轉(zhuǎn)折）可知，“我”并沒有變成殘疾人，只是到“殘疾世界”那里一游而已。故選A項。34．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在我感覺我的腳踝一天比一天好。A.thinner更瘦的；B.fatter更胖的；C.weaker更弱的；D.better更好的。根據(jù)“I’mjustavisitortotheworldofdisability.（我只是殘疾人世界的過客。）”可知，“我”的腳踝在一天天變好。故選D項。35．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對于這一切，我深表感激。A.regretful遺憾的；B.grateful感激的；C.thoughtful考慮周到的；D.respectful尊敬的。根據(jù)“NowIcanfeeltheanklegettingbetterbytheday.（現(xiàn)在我感覺我的腳踝一天比一天好。）”可知，雖然“我”的腳踝在攀巖中受傷，但是沒有落下殘疾，而是逐步在康復(fù)，因此“我”心存感激之情。故選B項。四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式AUNESCOWorldHeritageSitetoday,theancienttownofPingyaoinShanxiprovinceformedChina’seconomicbackboneduringtheQingDynasty.Thetownwashome36thecountry’sfirstpiaohao(moneyexchangehouse)thatfinancedtheempireduringaperiodwhenallbookkeepingwasonpaper,andtheonlyway37(deal)withnumbersinvolvedtheabacus(算盤).Inthe19thcentury,merchantsfromShanxiweremakingtheir38(present)feltinmanyothernations.Theyhadtorelyonsecurityguardsfortransferringtheirwealth--goldandsilver.Themethodwashardlysafea