醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1PHYSIOLOGY醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1TwoTextbooks:

《生理學(xué)》姚泰主編人衛(wèi)出版社2005

《醫(yī)學(xué)英語原版改編雙語教材》

，科學(xué)出版社，2006TeachingGuideTeachingOutlineTeachingScheduleWebsiteoftheDept.ofPhysiology:

TeachingMaterials醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1Teachingreferences《

TextbookofMedicalPhysiology》

10thEd,byGuytonandHall《MedicalPhysiology》,byWalterF.Boron&EmileL.BoulpaepinYaleUniversity

《醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)----從臨床到基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)的途徑》

(中文翻譯）,科學(xué)出版社

《美國醫(yī)生執(zhí)照考試（一）----生理學(xué)》

（英文影?。嗣裥l(wèi)生出版社《生理學(xué)》(英文影印版)

,第5版，北京大學(xué)出版社《生理學(xué)基本要點》(英文影印版)

,北京大學(xué)出版社

醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1Chapter1INTRODUCTIONGeneralConsiderationRegulationofPhysiologicalFunctionsInternalEnvironmentandHomeostasisPrincipleofAutomaticControlofPhysiologicalFunctions醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1I.GeneralConsideration

object:livingorganismsAnimalPlantHumanBeing

1.WhatisPhysiology

onebranchofbiologicalsciencesallofthelifeactivitiesoflivingorganisms醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1PHYSIOLOGY=THELOGICOFLIFERelationshipwithMedicine:Task:

functions mechanisms regulationsfrommedicalpracticeformedicalpracticeNormalAbnormal(Disease)e.g.hypertension--bloodpressurehyperthyroidism--thyroidhormone醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1AnAnatomicalStudyoftheMotionoftheHeartandoftheBloodinAnimals醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)12.MethodsofPhysiologicalStudy

ObservationsExperiments Acute:(invivo;invitro) Chronic3.LevelsofPhysiologicalStudyCellularandchemicallevel

---generalphysiologyOrganandsystemlevel

---organphysiologyOrganismallevel醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1II.InternalEnvironmentandHomeostasis醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)11.InternalEnvironmentCharacteristic:dynamicequilibriumDefinition:TheactualenvironmentinwhichcellsofbodylivedirectlyCell

ECFExternalEnvironmentBodyfluidExtracellularfluid(ECF)1/3Intracellularfluid2/3醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)12.HomeostasisDefinition:Relativelyconstantstateofphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofinternal environmentSignificance:

fornormalfunctionsofcellHowtoMaintainIt?Thevariousphysiologicalarrangementsservetorestorethenormalstate,onceithasbeendisturbed醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)11.NervousRegulationBasicProcess----ReflexDefinition:

UndercontroloftheCNS,theregularresponse(s)ofthelivingbodytostimuli.(variationoftheinternalandexternalenvironment)III.RegulationofPhysiologicalFunctions

Threetypesofregulationonbodyfunctions醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1StructuralBasis:reflexarcsensoryafferentN.centerefferentN.effectorreceptor醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1Types:

unconditionedReflexconditionedReflexPropertiesfast;precise;localmovementandsecretionSignificancy:醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)12.HumoralRegulationDefinition:

Thechemicalsubstancessecretedbysomespecialcellsaredeliveredintheextracellularfluidtoallofpartsofbodytoregulatecellularfunctions.Properties:Slow;diffusive;lastingmetabolism;growth;reproductionSignificancy:醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1Modes:Telecrine:Hormonetargetcellslow;diffusible;longlasting

blood醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1Local~:paracrine;autocrine;neurocrineN-HRegulation:ExtensionofN.Regulation

autocrine.neurocrineefferentNN-HRegulationparacrine醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)13.Autoregulation

beingindependentofeitherneuralorhumoralfactorslocal;limited醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1IV.PrincipleofAutomaticControlofPhysiologicalFunctions——Cybernetics

Non-automaticControlSystem(OpenLoop)

AutomaticControlSystem---FeedbackControl(ClosedLoop)

Feed-forwardControlSystemThreecontrolsystems:醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)11)Components----ClosedLoop1.FeedbackControlProperty:BidirectionalcommunicationofsignaloutputvariableControllingpartControlledpartcontrolsignalCenterEndocrineglandEffectorTargetcelldisturbingsignaloutputvariablefeedbacksignalMonitor(SensorReceptor)醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)12)TypesNegativeFeedback:

Definition:Theroleofthefeedbacksignalisoppositetothepreviouscontrolsignalortotheactivityofcontrollingsystem.Significance:

tokeepthefunctionalactivitybeingconstantorhomeostasisoutputvariableControlling

partControlled

partcontrolsignalCenterEndocrineGlandEffectorTargetCelldisturbingsignaloutputvariablefeedbacksignalMonitor(SensorReceptor)(－)Setpoint醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1ExampleofNegativeFeedbackthethermostat醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1BPSBaroreceptorVasomotorCenterSympatheticactivityparasympatheticactivityHeartactivityDilationofbloodvesselsBPBP……醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1PositiveFeedback: Definition:

Theroleofthefeedbacksignalistoincreasethepreviousactivityofcontrollingsystem.Significance:

tokeepthefunctionalactivitygoingonuntilitsend.outputvariableControlling

partControlled

partcontrolsignalCenterEndocrineGlandEffectorTargetCelldisturbingsignaloutputvariablefeedbacksignalMonitorReceptor(Sensor)(＋)醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1Deliveryingprocess:UterinecontractionDilationofcervixPosteriorpituitaryoxytocin+醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)12.Feed-forwardControlControllingSystemControlledSystemcontrolsignaloutputvariableDefinition:

controlledsystemadjustsitsactivities

byfeed-forwardsignalbeforethevariationofoutputvariable

(beforefeedbacksignalreachesit).Significance:toavoidpossiblevariationoftheoutputvariabledisturbingsignalSensorreceptorFeed-forwardsignal醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)1SummaryPhysiologyistostudyallofthelifeactivitiesoflivingorganismsonthethreelevesInternalEnvironmentistheactualenviromentinwhichcellsofbodylivedirectly----extracellularfluid,ECFHomeostasisisrel