WordsandPhrases1.differvi.觀察示例:Inpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-make....*人教新課標(biāo)高中英語(yǔ)選修8unit2詞匯學(xué)習(xí)WordsandPhrases1.differvi.觀察示例:Inpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-make.Explainhowtheydiffer.兩人一組,觀察圖片并討論哪些是自然無(wú)性繁殖,哪些是人工的。解釋它們的區(qū)別。Hermethoddoesn’tdiffermuchfrommine.她的方法跟我的沒有很大不同。Modernairplanesdifferfromearlyones.現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)跟早期的在很多方面有所不同。IdifferwithhimIhowtosolvetheproblem.對(duì)于如何解決問(wèn)題,我跟他的意見不一致。Theydifferwitheachotheronmoralstandards.關(guān)于道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn),他們的見解不同。歸納拓展：differ是不及物動(dòng)詞,主要有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：“不同,相異；不同意,意見相左”。常見的搭配有：1).sb.differfrom/withsb.on/aboutsth.;2).sth.andsth.differin…;3).sth.differfromsth.用介詞from,with,on,about,upon或in填空。(1)Wediffer_________him______________thatquestion.(2)Thetwonationsdiffer__cultureandreligion.(3)Theclimateherediffer_________thatoftheSouth.2.undertakevt.觀察示例:Theprocedureisdifficulttoundertake,ofcourse.當(dāng)然,這個(gè)過(guò)程很難實(shí)施。Thescientistundertakestheexperiment.科學(xué)家從事這項(xiàng)實(shí)施。Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.我愿意承接這項(xiàng)變革的案子。Thelawyerundertookanewanewcase.那個(gè)律師接了一個(gè)新的案子。即時(shí)練習(xí)：完成下列句子。(1)Hewill__________________nextmonth(去旅行).(2)He____________________(承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)新任務(wù)).3.disturbingadj.觀察示例:ThencamedisturbingnewsthatDollybecameseriouslyill.然后傳來(lái)了多莉得了重病的令人煩惱的消息。Thenewsfromthefrontisverydisturbing.來(lái)自前線的消息令人極為不安。歸納拓展：disturbvt.擾亂,使不安,弄亂;disturbedadj.被擾亂的,動(dòng)亂的,不安的；disturbingadj.令人不安的。特別提示:現(xiàn)在分詞表示:令人怎么樣,過(guò)去分詞表示:被使得怎么樣,感到怎么樣。如:aninterestingstory令人感興趣的故事aninterestedlook感到興趣的表情surprisedpeople(感到)驚奇的人們即時(shí)練習(xí)：用disturb,disturbing,disturbed填空。(1)I’mvery_________aboutAlice.(2)Don’t_______thepapersonmydesk(3)Thiscountryisina_________state.(4)What_________newsitis!(5)Alightwind_________thesurfaceofthewater.4.objectv.objectionn.觀察示例:Ontheotherhand,Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.另一方面,多莉的出現(xiàn)引來(lái)了巨大的反對(duì)激發(fā)了傳媒的熱炒和公眾的想像力。Ifeelastrongobjectiontogettingupearly.我極不愿意早起。Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow?你反對(duì)我打開窗子嗎？Mymainobjectiontotheplanisthatitcoststoomuch.我反對(duì)該計(jì)劃的主要理由是它費(fèi)用太高。vi.Weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis.我們抗議這種待遇。Iobjecttotheplan.我反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。Iobjectthatheistooyoungtotakethatposition.我提出反對(duì)意見:他太年輕不適合那個(gè)職位。歸納拓展：object作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后接介詞to或against.作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。objection是名詞，常與have,take,feel等連用構(gòu)成詞組：haveobjectiontotakeobjectiontofeelobjectionto即時(shí)練習(xí)：句型轉(zhuǎn)換(1)Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow?=Wouldyou________myopeningthewindow?(2)takeobjectiontosmoking.=I________smoking.(3)“Butheistooyoung,”sheargued.=She________thathewastooyoung.5.forbidvt.觀察示例Governmentsbecamenervousandmanyforbaderesearchintohumanclothing.政府開始感到不安,有許多政府禁止對(duì)克隆的研究。Smokingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces.公共場(chǎng)所應(yīng)禁止吸煙。Herfatherforbidhertogooutalone.她父親不許她單獨(dú)外出。Iforbidyouenteringmystudy.我不許你進(jìn)入我的書房。forbid是不及物動(dòng)詞,常見的搭配有：sth.doingsth.sb.todosth.sb.doingsth.sb.sththat…即時(shí)練習(xí)：完成下列句子(1)Theschool_________________________(禁止學(xué)吸煙).(2)Heisforbiddento_____________(進(jìn)入這個(gè)房間).6.accumulate觀察示例:vt.SomecountriessuchasChinaandtheUKcontinuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.有些國(guó)家比如中國(guó)和英國(guó)繼續(xù)收集克隆能提供豐富的醫(yī)療幫助的證據(jù)。歸納拓展：accumulate可作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，表示:收集，聚集，堆積。另外accumulationn.積聚如:theaccumulationofknowledge知識(shí)的積聚Heaccumulatedfortunebyhardwork.他因努力工作而積蓄了一筆財(cái)富。Thepurposeofeducationisnotjustaccumulatinginformation.教育的目的不僅僅是積累知識(shí)。vi.Dustaccumulatedduringmyabsence.我不在期間灰塵積聚了起來(lái)。即時(shí)練習(xí)：完成下列句子(1)Hequickly______________________(積蓄了一大筆財(cái)富).(2)Cloudsbeganto__________________(在天空中聚集).7.retirevi.觀察示例:Heretiredattheageof65.他65歲退休。Hewillsoonretirefromthearmy.他不久將退役。Themenwentontalkingwhiletheladiesretired.男人們繼續(xù)交談,而女士們退到了客廳Sheretiredearlythatnight.那天晚上她就寢得早。歸納拓展：retire作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：退役,退職；退出，退后，從餐廳回到客廳,就寢（較gotobed正式）。即時(shí)練習(xí)：完成句子(1)Heworkedasaguardafter___________________(退役).(2)Thetroops__________________(從戰(zhàn)地退了回來(lái)).fieldn.戰(zhàn)地8.bother觀察示例:vt.However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.但是,她后來(lái)得了嚴(yán)重的肺病這個(gè)問(wèn)題讓科學(xué)家們感到煩惱。Don’tbotheryourselfaboutme.別為我擔(dān)心。Doesthenoisebotheryoumuch?那噪音使你深感困擾嗎？歸納拓展：bother作及物動(dòng)詞表示:煩擾，打擾作不及物動(dòng)詞表示:麻煩，費(fèi)事作名詞表示:麻煩，麻煩的事，引起麻煩的人構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)有：botheraboutsth.botherwithsth.bothertodosth.9.resistvt.觀察示例:Otherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetotheirchildren.其他的將存活下來(lái)并傳遞人其后代抵抗這種病的能力。Theyresistedtheattack.他們抵抗那次攻擊。Sheresistedbeingcarriedoff.她拒絕被帶走。Shecouldnotresistthetemptation.她無(wú)法抗拒那項(xiàng)誘惑。歸納拓展：resist作及物動(dòng)詞主要有三個(gè)義項(xiàng):抵抗,對(duì)抗；抵擋,防止；（與cannot,couldnot連用）無(wú)法抗拒,無(wú)法抵擋。即時(shí)練習(xí)：將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。(1)我無(wú)法抵擋巧克力。_______________________(2)他們決定留下來(lái)抵抗敵人。_____________________________________10.obtainvt.觀察示例:Meanwhileyouwillobtainalotofinformation.同時(shí)你將獲得大量的知識(shí)。Sheobtainedherdoctor’sdegreein1996.她1996年獲得博士學(xué)位。Thebookscanbeobtainedfromthelibrary.這些書可以在圖書館里取得。Hisachievementobtainedhimgreatfame.他的成就使得他獲得很大的名聲。歸納拓展：obtain指通過(guò)努力從特定的地方獲得非常想要的東西。get指得到,所取得的東西不一定跟努力、意志有關(guān)。gain指通過(guò)努力取得對(duì)自己有益或有價(jià)值的東西。11.castdown使沮喪觀察示例:CloningScientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.克隆科學(xué)家沮喪地發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。Don’tbesocastdown.Justkeepupyourspirits.不要這么沮喪,打起精神來(lái)！歸納拓展：castdown有兩個(gè)義項(xiàng)：毀掉；使沮喪，castaway丟棄,castoff放棄；丟棄,castout趕走。將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)(1)聽到這個(gè)消息他很沮喪。___________________________________(2)發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。_____________________________________________12.infavourof贊成；有利于觀察示例:Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstcloning?他贊成還是反對(duì)克隆?Thescorewas80to78infavouroftheguestteam.比分是80比78，客隊(duì)獲勝。Theexchangerateisinourfavourtoday.今天的兌換率對(duì)我們有利。歸納拓展：infavourof贊成,支持,與against相對(duì)。即時(shí)練習(xí)：將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)(1)法院作了有利于老人的判決。______________________________________(2)他贊成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃嗎？_______________________13.beboundto注定；有義務(wù)做觀察示例:Dolly’sde