選擇性必修第4冊Unit1Lookingforwards目標導航目標導航重點詞匯1．boyhoodn．2．bullfightingn．3．ultimatelyadv.4．backwardsadv.5．divergev．6．undergrowthn．7．numerousadj.8．dilemman．9．complexadj.10．commercialn．11．symbolizev．12．a(chǎn)lternativen．13．a(chǎn)risev．14．circumstancen．15．yourssincerely16．shiftn．詞匯拓展1．a(chǎn)mbitionn．雄心；野心→adj.有雄心的；有野心的2．traineen．接受工作培訓的人；實習生→n．運動鞋；教練員→v．培訓；訓練→n．培訓3．historicaladj.(有關(guān))歷史的→n．歷史→adj.歷史上著名(或重要)的4．detectiven．私家偵探→v．發(fā)現(xiàn)；查明5．dotn．點，小圓點→adj.有斑點的；星羅棋布的6．a(chǎn)dmissionn．錄??；允許加入(進入)→v．承認；準許進入7．participationn．參加，參與→v．參加→n．參與者8．thoughtfuladj.認真思考的，深思的→n．思想；想法9．mixturen．混合；混合體→v．混合10．a(chǎn)ffectionn．喜愛；愛；感情→v．影響；侵襲11．qualificationn．資格；資歷→vt.使有資格→adj.有資格的12．fluencyn．熟練，流利→adj.流利的13．sincerelyadv.由衷地，真誠地，真心實意地→adj.真誠的14．refreshmentsn．茶點，點心和飲料→v．使恢復精力；使涼爽重點詞組1．采取行動2．發(fā)生在某人身上3．面對4．處于合適的位置；就位，到位5．從書中接受教訓6．做出決定，拿定主意7．放過，放棄，錯過(機會)8．洞察；對……深刻理解9．(對原先的決定)猶豫，產(chǎn)生懷疑10．推遲……，使……延期11．由……引起12．堅決拒絕……；徹底否決……13．權(quán)衡；仔細考慮14．回顧，回憶重點句型1．，hejoinedalocalKansasnewspaperasatraineereporter.高中畢業(yè)后，他加入了堪薩斯州的一家當?shù)貓笊?，當實習記者?．，hewrotenovelsandshortstoriesbasedonhispersonalexperiencesoftheFirstWorldWar，theSpanishCivilWar，bullfightinganddeep-seafishing，amongstothers.在為自己設(shè)定了這個目標后，他根據(jù)自己在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)、西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、斗牛和深海捕魚等方面的個人經(jīng)歷撰寫了小說和短篇故事。3．Indesperation，Doylekilledoffthefamousdetectiveinanovelpublishedin1893.在絕望中，多伊爾在1893年出版的一本小說中殺死了這位著名的偵探，這樣他就可以專注于他“嚴肅的”寫作。4．WhenreadingTheRoadNotTaken，oneinone’smindimagesofapeacefulwooddeepwithinthecountryside.當讀《未選擇的路》時，人們不禁在腦海中看到一片寧靜的森林，那是一片深藏在鄉(xiāng)村深處的景象。知識精講知識精講1comfortablyadv.舒適地(教材原句P2)Onemoment,wearelyingcomfortablyinbed,abouttofallintoadeepsleep.某一刻，我們舒舒服服地躺在床上，快要睡著了。Theoldmanwasseatedinasofa.老人舒舒服服地坐在沙發(fā)上。[知識拓展](1)uncomfortably adv.(2)comfortable adj.(3)comfort n．&v.takecomfortfrom... liveincomfort 2approachn．接近；通道；方法；途徑v.接近，靠近；找(某人)商量；著手處理(教材原句P2)Althoughtheysharedthesameambitiousandenergeticapproachtolife,theircareersunfoldedincontrastingways.雖然他們都以同樣的雄心壯志和充滿活力的生活方式對待生活，但他們的事業(yè)卻以截然不同的方式展開。Tosummarise,thisisaclevertoacommonproblem.總而言之，這是一個解決常見問題的巧妙方法。[知識拓展]attheapproachof makeapproachestosb. anapproachto(doing)sth. approachsb. 表示“(做)某事的方法”的搭配有：①theapproachto(doing)sth.②thewaytodo/of(doing)sth.③themeansof(doing)sth.④themethodof(doing)sth.3takeaction采取行動(教材原句P2)Canwetakeactiontoshapeit,orshouldwejustacceptwhatevercomesourway?我們能夠采取行動來塑造它，還是應該接受我們遇到的一切？Butatwhatpointdowedecideto?但是我們應該什么時候決定采取行動呢？[知識拓展]takeaway takeback takedown takein takeon takeup takeover 4ambitionn．追求，理想(教材原句P2)TheAmericanauthor,ErnestHemingway,bornin1899,wasfromearlyboyhoodsingle-mindedinhisambitiontowrite.美國作家埃內(nèi)斯特·海明威生于1899年，從少年時代起就一心一意地致力于寫作。HeristobecomepartofthenationalteamforthenextParalympicGames.她的理想就是成為下屆殘奧會的國家隊隊員。[知識拓展](1)theambitiontodo/ofdoingsth. realize/achieveone'sambition (2)ambitiousadj. beambitiousforsth./sb. 5(教材原句P2－3)HewentontobecomeforeigncorrespondentfortheTorontoStarandusedhisextraordinaryexperiencesinEuropeandlaterCubatoinformhiswriting.他后來成為《多倫多星報》的外國記者，并利用他在歐洲和后來的古巴的非凡經(jīng)歷來為他的寫作提供信息。(1)correspondentn．通訊員，記者Hevolunteeredasaforthewar.他自愿做這場戰(zhàn)爭的記者。[知識拓展](1)correspondvi. correspondwithsb. correspondto/withsth. correspondtosth. (2)correspondencen. incorrespondencewith (2)informv．通知；告知；充實Ifyouthreatenmeoruseanyforce，Ishallthepolice.你要是威脅我或是動武，我就報警。[知識拓展](1)informsb.of/aboutsth. informsb.that... (2)informedadj. keeprmedofsth. (3)informationn．[U] 6devotev．致力于，奉獻于，把……用在……(教材原句P3)AfterSherlockHolmesmadehimahouseholdname,Doylegaveupmedicineanddevotedhimselfentirelytowriting.福爾摩斯讓他家喻戶曉后，道爾放棄了醫(yī)學，全身心地投入到寫作中。Sheherselftohercareer.她全力傾注于自己的事業(yè)。[知識拓展](1)devotevt. devote(one'stime,energy)to(doing)sth.把……devoteoneselfto (2)devotedadj. bedevotedto(doing)sth. (3)devotionn. 7longvi.渴望，極想念(教材原句P3)Hestilllongedtobecomeknownforhishistoricalnovelsamongstotheracademicworks.除了其他學術(shù)作品，他還是渴望自己能因歷史小說而出名。Shewastoseehimagain.她渴望再次見到他。[知識拓展](1)longtodo... longfor... (2)longingn．[C，U] belongingforsth. belongingtodosth. 8turnout結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)(教材原句P3)Thoughbothofthesemenwereultimatelysuccessful,theirpathstosuccesswereverydifferent，theirfuturesnotnecessarilyturningoutexactlyastheyplanned.雖然這兩個人最終都成功了，但他們的成功之路卻大不相同，他們的未來未必是完全如他們計劃的那樣。Theirresultstohaveenormouspotential.他們的成果結(jié)果是有巨大的潛力。[知識拓展]turnup turnaround/round turnout turnto turndown turnover turnon/off turnin turninto 9find＋賓語＋賓語補足語(教材原句P2)Thenext，oureyesareopenandwefindourselveswonderingorevenworryingaboutpossiblythemostimportantissueofourlives－thefuture.接下來，我們睜開眼睛，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在想甚至可能擔心是我們生命中最重要的問題——未來。句式分析：本句中的findourselveswonderingorevenworryingabout...屬于“find十賓語十賓語補足語”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。AfterIarrivedinAmerica,Iinacompletelyforeignculture.來到美國后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己生活在一個完全陌生的文化中。WhenpreparingfortheEnglishspeechcontest，Itocollectinformationanduselanguagecorrectly.在準備英語演講比賽的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)收集信息和正確使用語言是非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。[知識拓展](1)find＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞(該分詞表示主動或正在進行)；(2)find＋賓語＋過去分詞(該分詞表示被動或完成)；(3)find＋賓語＋形容詞/介詞短語；(4)find＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋todo(it是形式賓語，todo是真正的賓語)；(5)和find用法相同的動詞還有：see,hear,watch，notice，have，make，keep等。10while“當……時候”引導時間狀語從句(教材原句P3)Interestingly,DoylewrotesomeofhisearlyHolmesstorieswhilehewaswaitingforpatientsinhismedicalpracticeinLondon.有趣的是，道爾在倫敦行醫(yī)等候病人時，就寫了一些早期福爾摩斯的故事。句式分析：本句中while是從屬連詞，意思是“當……時候”。Theymusthavebeenburgledtheywereasleep.他們睡著時一定遭賊入室偷竊了。Hisparentsdiedhewasstillatschool.他還在學校上學時父母就去世了。[知識拓展](1)while并列連詞，表示對比或轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而，可是；而”；用來連接兩個并列分句；(2)while從屬連詞，意為“當……時候”，從句謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞，引導時間狀語從句；(3)while從屬連詞，意為“盡管：雖然”：引導讓步狀語從句，從句往往位于主句之前；(4)while名詞，意為“(一段)時間”。例如：Suddenly,heputdownhispenforawhile.(5)when引導時間狀語從句，從句的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是非延續(xù)性動詞。當時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，while和when可以互換。語法精講語法精講動詞時態(tài)根據(jù)新課標的要求，高中階段需要掌握下列10種時態(tài)：一般過去時、過去將來時、一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在進行時、將來進行時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時。一、一般過去時、過去將來時、一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時[觀察例句]觀察下列句子并指出所用的時態(tài)1.Hetoldusyesterdaythathewouldnotgowithusifitrained.一般過去時；過去將來時2．Iwillbefourteenyearsoldnextmonth.一般將來時3．Peoplegenerallyhavemealsthreetimesaday.一般現(xiàn)在時[歸納用法](一)一般過去時1．一般過去時的構(gòu)成為did/was/were2．一般過去時的用法(1)表示過去某時間的動作或狀態(tài)；(2)在時間及條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時。(二)過去將來時1．過去將來時的構(gòu)成為would/shoulddo/be2．過去將來時的用法表示從過去某時間看，將要發(fā)生的事情。(三)一般現(xiàn)在時1．一般現(xiàn)在的構(gòu)成為do/does/am/is/are2．一般現(xiàn)在時的用法(1)表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作、現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)、客觀事實及普遍真理等；(2)在時間及條件狀語從句中代替一般將來時。(四)一般將來時1．一般將來時的構(gòu)成為will/shalldo/be2．一般將來時的用法表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；3．一般將來時的其他構(gòu)成形式及一般用法(1)begoingtodo(表示打算去做的事或根據(jù)某種跡象預示要發(fā)生某事)；(2)betodo(表示按計劃或安排即將要做的事或按照職責、義務(wù)、規(guī)定、命令等應該做某事)；(3)beabouttodo(表示即將要發(fā)生的動作)；(4)另外，go、leave等動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時形式也可表示按計劃或安排即將要做的事。[名師點津]beabouttodo不與表示將來的具體時間狀語連用，但可以和并列連詞when(＝andatthattime)引出的分句連用。單句語法填空①IthinkIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school(come)first.②Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoing(rain)．③Myfriendsaidhe(be)hereateighto'clock.二、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在進行時、將來進行時[觀察例句]觀察下列句子并指出所用的時態(tài)1.Theyarehavingabirthdaypartynow.現(xiàn)在進行時2．Bobwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowerfailureoccurred.過去進行時3．—CanIcallyoubackattwoo'clockthisafternoon?—Iamsorry,bythenIwillbeflyingtoBeijing.將來進行時[歸納用法](一)過去進行時1．過去進行時的構(gòu)成為was/weredoing2．過去進行時的用法(1)表示過去某一時刻正在發(fā)生的動作，或過去某一個階段內(nèi)一直在進行的動作。常用的時間狀語有：atthis/thattime＋過去時間；at...o'clock＋過去時間；from...to...＋過去時間；thosedays；justnow等；(2)表示動作在另一個過去的動作發(fā)生時正在進行，常與when，while引導的時間狀語從句連用；(3)一些非延續(xù)性動詞可用過去進行時表示過去按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作，多用于從句中。(二)現(xiàn)在進行時1．現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成為am/is/aredoing2．現(xiàn)在進行時的用法表示現(xiàn)在(說話人說話時)正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，或現(xiàn)階段一直進行著的動作，常與now；rightnow；atpresent；thesedays；atthismoment等時間狀語連用。(三)將來進行時1．將來進行時的構(gòu)成為will/shallbedoing2．將來進行時的用法表示將來某一時刻或某一段時間里正在進行的動作，常與atthistimetomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow；(by)then;from1：30to4：30tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow等時間狀語連用。[名師點津]現(xiàn)在進行時及過去進行時常與always，constantly，continually,allthetime等狀語連用。表示反復出現(xiàn)的或習慣性的動作，或強調(diào)贊賞、厭惡、生氣、好奇等感情色彩，不強調(diào)動作正在進行或發(fā)生。單句語法填空①Theman(forget)something.②Theboyfellwhilehe(ride)hisbicycleyesterday.③—Mary,couldIuseyourcomputerthisevening?—Sorry.I(write)myessayonitthen.三、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時[觀察例句]觀察下列句子并指出所用的時態(tài)1．Hehasreceived3letterssofar. 現(xiàn)在完成時2．Wehadalreadylearned3，500wordsbytheendoflastterm.過去完成時3．IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseIhavebeencoughingalotlately. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時[歸納用法](一)過去完成時1．過去完成時的構(gòu)成為haddone2．過去完成時的用法(1)表示過去某一時間或動作前已完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)(即表示“過去的過去”)；(2)表示過去某一時間的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去的另一時間，常用的時間狀語有by/until/before/bytheendof＋“表示過去的某一時間”；(3)表示愿望、打算的詞，如：hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose等，其過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖；(4)在“Itwas/hadbeen＋一段時間＋since從句”句型中，since從句的謂語用過去完成時。(二)現(xiàn)在完成時1．現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成為has/havedone2．現(xiàn)在完成時的用法(1)表示從過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。常用的時間狀語有：lately;recently;inthelast/pastfewdays/years;sincethen；uptonow；sofar等；(2)表示過去已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。注意這時說話者強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。常用的時間狀語有：already；just(剛剛)；yet；before等；(3)在“最高級＋名詞”或“It/Thisis＋thefirst/second...time”之后的定語從句中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。(三)現(xiàn)在完成進行時1．現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成為has/havebeendoing2．現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法(1)表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還要繼續(xù)下去的動作；(2)表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直反復進行的動作。單句語法填空①Greatchanges(take)placeinHangzhouinthepastfewyears.②Sofarthisyear，104banks(fail)．③She(learn)someEnglishbeforeshecametoourschool.④Itisthethirdtime(that)he(leave)thekeyathome.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Inaword,massmedia(be)allthemoreimportantinthefutureandtheirfunctionwillenormouslyexpand.2．Iknewthatthey(be)worriedaboutmebecauseIwassofarawayfromhome.3．ThiswasthefirsttimeI(experience)sandstormsandIdon'teverwanttobeinoneagain.4．They(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.5．Inordertomakemydreamcometrue,Iworkedpart-timetosavemoneywhileI(study)atcollege.6．Thereisnodoubtthatmorethanonechange(take)placeinmyschoolrecently.7．I(study)Englishatthistimetomorrow.8．Itwastenyearssincewe(have)suchawonderfultime.9．ThisisthemostinterestingpartythatI(enjoy)．10．Everymeans(try)tosolvetheproblem,butnoneofthemwereeffective.Ⅱ.短文語法填空Forgoodmentalhealth,donotjudgetooquickly.Ayoungcouple1.(lose)alltheirinvestmentbeforetheymovedintoanewneighbourhood.Thenextmorning,whilethey2.(eat)breakfast,theyoungwifesawherneighbourhangthewashoutside.“Thatlaundryisnotclean，”shesaidtoherhusband.“Theneighbourdoesn'tknowhowtowashcorrectly.Perhapsshe3.(need)betterlaundrysoap.”Herhusbandlookedon,and4.(remain)silent.Herneighbourwouldhangherwashtodryalmosteveryday.Theyoungwoman5.(make)thesamecommentsallthetime.Aboutonemonthlater,theyoungwomanwasabout6.(criticize)herneighbourwhenshewassurprisedtoseeanicecleanwashonherneighbor'slineandsaidtoherhusband,“Look!Ithoughtshe7.(hang)dirtylaundryagain.She8.(learn)howtowashcorrectly.Iwonderwhotaughtherthis.”Thehusbandsaid,“Igotupearlythismorningandcleanedourwindows！”Canyouseehowitmightbeagoodideatocheckfirsttoseeifyourwindowsareclean?Whatweseewhenwatchingothers9.(depend)onthepurityofthewindowsthroughwhichwelook.Beforewe10.(give)anycriticismnexttime,itwillbeagoodideatocheckourstateofmindandaskourselvesifwearereadytoseethegoodratherthanjustlookforsomethingwronginthepeopleweencounter.寫作園地寫作園地求職信本單元的寫作任務(wù)是寫一封求職信。求職信也叫自薦信，是求職者根據(jù)崗位需要或自己的求職愿望通過介紹自己的情況向用人單位舉薦自己的書信，通常是針對招聘廣告而寫的。[基本框架]1．開頭——說明求職信息來源，想應聘的職位。2．主體——簡明扼要地介紹自己，重點說明能勝任本崗位的各種能力等。3．結(jié)尾——表示希望得到答復及面試的機會。[常用詞塊]1．putanadvertisementinthelocalpaper在當?shù)貓蠹埖且粍t廣告2．create15newposts增設(shè)15個新職位3．a(chǎn)napplicationformembership會員資格申請4．begratefulforanyinformationyoucangiveus對您提供的信息我們感激不盡5．communicatewitheachother互相溝通6．a(chǎn)jobinterview求職面試7．havetheopportunitytoaskanyquestions有機會提任何問題8．a(chǎn)pplyforajob申請工作9．majorincomputerscience主修計算機科學10．haveagoodcommandofEnglish精通英語[常用語句]★精彩開頭1.Iamwritingtoapplyforthejob/position.我寫信的目的是申請這份工作/職位。2．Iamwritingtoexpressmyinterestinyourrecentlyadvertisedpositionfor...我特地寫信給貴方，對于您最近在廣告上登出的招聘……的信息，我很感興趣。3．Iamquiteinterestedinthisjob.我對這份工作很感興趣?！镓S滿主體1．Igraduatedfrom...universitythreeyearsago/justnow.我三年前/剛剛畢業(yè)于……大學。2．IworkhardandIcangetalongwellwithothers.我工作努力，與人相處融洽。3．ImajorinEnglish/Computer/Chinesemedicine.我主修英語/計算機/中醫(yī)專業(yè)。4．Iamkind，easy-goingandalwaysreadytohelpothers.我友好，隨和，總是樂于助人。5．Ihaveagiftformusicandamfondofsinginganddancing.我在音樂上有天賦，喜歡唱歌和跳舞。6．Ihavereadalotofbooksandhavemuchknowledgeinmanyfields.我讀過很多書，知識面廣。7．Iameasytogetalongwithandenjoyworkingtogetherwithothers.我容易相處，樂于與人合作。8．Iamgoodatcommunicatingwithothers.我善于與人交流?！镉辔督Y(jié)尾1．Ishallbemuchthankfulifyouoffermeapreciousopportunitytoaninterview.如果您能給我提供一個寶貴的面試機會，我將不勝感激。2．ThankyouforconsideringmyapplicationandIamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.感謝您考慮我的申請，期待得到您的回復。3．Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldconsidermyrequest，andI'mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.如果您能夠考慮一下我的請求，我將不勝感激，盼望您的早日回復。4．IthinkIamquitequalifiedforthejob.我想我完全能勝任這份工作。5．IamsureIcandothejobwellifIgettheposition.如果我得到這個職位，我肯定能把工作做好。例文假設(shè)你是李華，在某英文旅游網(wǎng)站看到一則招聘啟示，招聘以中文為母語的人在假期做本地導游，你對此很感興趣。請寫一封求職信。內(nèi)容包括：1．求職心愿；2．自身優(yōu)勢；3．獲職打算。注意：詞數(shù)80左右。DearSirorMadam，______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua練習假設(shè)你是高二學生李華，想應聘校英語報的記者兼編輯。請根據(jù)下面的個人情況用英語寫一篇求職信。姓名：李華年齡：17性別：男獲獎情況：全國中學生英語能力競賽(NEPCS)一等獎，校英語演講比賽第一名經(jīng)歷：主持過年級英語歌唱比賽愛好：看英文小說、寫英文日記聯(lián)系方式：lihua2020@163.com注意：詞數(shù)80左右。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________分層提分分層提分題組A基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(根據(jù)漢語提示或首字母提示寫單詞)1．Asfarassomeconsumersareconcerned，somegoodsdon’tagreewiththeir(廣告)．2．Theyounggirlinthepicturehasa(深思的)andseriousexpression.3．Visitorswereamazedatthestudents’inEnglish.4．Backinjurypreventedhisactiveinanysportsforawhile.5．WhenIwasyoungIcouldeasilystandworkinganothernight(值班)．6．Underno(情況)willwebethefirsttousenuclearweapons.7．Inawaylosingthejobisnotabadthing.Itwon’tbelongbeforeanotherchance.8．Automatichanddryersareapractical(可供選擇的事物)topapertowels.9．Theirperformanceandcourage(象征)thetruespirit.10．Nowadayslifeisgettingmore(復雜的)anddifficultthanthatinthepast.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空(用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空)1．Tofinishtheproject，somedynamicand(ambition)peopleweresentthere.2．Iaminterestedinstoriesingeneral，andin(detect)storiesinparticular.3．Mostparksdon’tchargemoneyfor(admit)．4．Theboymixedvinegarwithsugar，butthe(mix)tastednotsobad.5．I(sincere)hopethatyourecoverquicklyaftertheoperation.6．Nowheisawayfromhomeandisbeyondthereachofhismother’s(affect)．題組B能力提升練七選五Therearenowlotsofproductsandservicesonthemarket.1Itisvital，therefore，foracompanytodistinguishitselffromitscompetitorsbyhavingastrongcompanyimagewhichisimmediatelyrecognizable.Logosarepartofthisimage.2Thelogoestablishesavisualidentityforthecompany，justasdifferentgroupsofyoungpeopleexpresstheiridentitythroughhairstylesandclothes.Allgroupsfromallculturesandthroughouttheageshaveusedcolorsandsymbolstoshowtheiridentity.3Somecolorsmaybeconnectedwithcoldnessinonecultureandwithwarmthinanother.Somecolorsrepresentlifeinoneculturebutdeathinanother.Internationalcompanieshave，therefore，tomakesurethattheirlogoswillnotbemisunderstoodindifferentcountries.Thelogosoflargeinternationalcompaniesareinstantlyrecognizablethroughouttheworld.OneofthemostfamouslogosisthatofCoca-Cola.Thedesignofthewords“Coca-Cola”hasnotchangedsince1886，althoughthesurroundingdesignhasbeenchangedfromtimetotime.Manycompanieshave，overtheyears，renewedtheirlogos.4Logosareusedonpackagingandbrochuresaswellasontheproductitself.Theymayalsoappearinnewspapersorontelevisionaspartofanadvertisingcampaign.5Thelogohelpstopromotethisimageandtofixitinthemindsofthecustomers.Logos，therefore，needtobeoriginalandtohaveimpactandstyle.A．Companiesneedtohaveastrongcorporateidentity.B．Indifferentcultures，differentcolorscarrydifferentmeanings.C．Colorsandsymbols，differentinmeanings，helpidentifyacompany.D．Manyofthemaresimilarincontentthoughproducedbydifferentcompanies.E．Theyaresymbolswhichoftenincludeanameorinitialstoidentifyacompany.F．So，theycanbetterfitinwithcontemporarydesignandpresentmorepowerfulimages.G．Inthisway，theyareeasiertobedistinguishedfromthoseofthecompetingcompanies.題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練AScientistsataNevadaearthquakelabtestednewbridgedesignslastWednesday.Thedesignshaveconnectorswhichtheysayareinnovative(創(chuàng)新的)．Thedesignswerecreatedtobetterstandviolentearthquakesandspeedreconstructioneffortsaftermajorquakedamage.TheengineersinUniversityofNevada，Renoperformedtheexperimentsonahuge“shaketable”．Theyattemptedtosimulate(模擬)theviolentmovementsofanearthquakehittinga100-ton,70-footbridgemodel.Theywantedtoseehowwellitwouldholdup.Graduatestudentsmeasuredandmarkedsignsoftinycracks.Butnomajorstructuraldamagewasobservedintheinitialreviewoftheexperiments.“Thebridgehasdonebetterthanweexpected，”saidSaiidSaiidi.Heisaprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineering，alsotheprojectleader.He’sdonerelatedresearchformorethan30years.Bridgesarealreadydesignednottofallapartinearthquakes.Buttheyareoftenunsafefortravelafterbigquakes.Hesaidthetesteddesignsusedspecialtypesofconnectorstolinkpre-madebridgeparts.Thisincludedhigh-performanceconcrete.Thepartshavebeentestedontheirown.Buttheywerenevertestedbeforecombinedinabridgemodelsubjectedtorealisticearthquakemovements，likethe1994Northridge，Californiaquake.Wednesday’stestinsidetheUniversityofNevada’sEarthquakeEngineeringLaboratorysimulatedtheactivitiesofaquakeaslargeasmagnitude7.5.Theinnovativeconnectorsallowforready-madeconcreteandothermaterialstobeattachedtoanexistingbridgefoundation.Thisshouldspeedrepairandreconstruction.TheUniversityofNevada’sEarthquakeEngineeringLaboratoryisthelargestofitskindintheUnitedStates.ThelatestprojectisfundedbytheCaliforniaDepartmentofTransportation，whichiscurrentlydevelopingplansfor10pilotprojectsbasedonthedevelopingbridgeconnectortechnology.1．Whydidthescientistsworkonthenewbridgedesigns?A．Toobservequakedamage.B．Tomeasurestructuraldamage.C．Tosimulateviolentearthquakes.D．Toacceleraterepairandrebuildingofbridges.2．WhatisProfessorSaiidSaiidi’sattitudetowardstheexperiments?A．Satisfied. B．Disappointed.C．Indifferent. D．Curious.3．Whichofthefollowingcandescribetheexperiments?A．Theywereconductedinasmalllab.B．Theycausedhugecracksonthemodel.C．Theycombinedbridgepartswithconnectors.D．Theytestedthebridgesingenuineearthquakes.4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tosolveaproblem.B．Topresentaresearchresult.C．Togivepracticaladvice.D．Topreventdamagefromhappening.BMostcreditcardstodayusemagneticstrips(磁條)thatholdtheencrypted(加密)dataabouttheowner’sbankaccountandpersonalidentificationnumbercalledaPIN.Othercreditcardsholdthedatainmemorychipstha