考研英語(yǔ)核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit1

一、真題文章(1994年)

Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsisoftheutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceoflikelybreakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooftencarelessuseofwordspreventsameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermaystirupunfavorablereactionsinthelistenerwhichinterferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission---receptionsystembreaksdown.

Moreover，inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymakeitdifficultforthelistenertounderstandthemessagewhichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybeunabletoexplainordescribeinawaythatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.

二、譯文

與語(yǔ)言相關(guān)的，可以討論的首要的和最小的單位是詞。說(shuō)話時(shí)，選詞是最重要的。適當(dāng)?shù)倪x詞可以消除交際過(guò)程中可能出現(xiàn)的障礙。用詞粗心大意往往阻礙說(shuō)話人和聽話人的思想交流。說(shuō)話人使用的詞匯可能引起聽話人的反感，從而干擾其理解。因此，這傳輸信息——接受信息系統(tǒng)就會(huì)中斷。而且，詞義不準(zhǔn)確或不明確的詞使聽話人難于聽懂傳遞給他的信息。說(shuō)話人的常用詞匯中如沒(méi)有詳細(xì)而精確的詞的話，就不可能用聽話人能理解的方式進(jìn)行解釋或描述。

三、考研核心詞匯

choice/tFCis/n.選擇,抉擇,精選品,選擇機(jī)會(huì),選擇權(quán)adj.精選的,上等的,挑三揀四的,可選的,寵愛(ài)的,愛(ài)惜的[例]Shehadtomakeachoicebetweenthetwodresses.她得在兩件衣服中選擇一件。[同義]alternative，cream，decision，option，pick，preference，selection[派生]choose/tFu:z/v.選擇,選定[固定搭配]atone'sownchoice隨意挑選,自由選擇；bechoiceof好挑剔的；utmost/5QtmEust/n.極限,最大可能,極力adj.極度的,最遠(yuǎn)的[例]theutmostendsoftheearth天涯海角[同義]extreme,farthest,greatest,most[固定搭配]attheutmost至多；doone'sutmost盡全力；maketheutmostof...充分利用；totheutmost竭力;盡力；reaction/ri(:)5AkFEn/n.反應(yīng),反作用,反動(dòng)(力)[例]Whatishisreactiontoyourproposal?他對(duì)你的建議有什么反應(yīng)?[反義]action/5AkFEn/n.動(dòng)作,作用,戰(zhàn)斗,行動(dòng),舉動(dòng),行為,(戲劇或書中)的情節(jié),(某一地區(qū)、領(lǐng)域或團(tuán)體中)最能產(chǎn)生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活動(dòng)vt.對(duì)...起訴[派生]react/ri5Akt/vi.起反應(yīng),起作用,反抗,起反作用reactive/ri(:)5Aktiv/adj.反應(yīng)的,起反作用的,反動(dòng)的,電抗性的interfere/7intE5fiE/vi.干涉,干預(yù),妨礙,打擾[例]IwasplayingwithJane,butAnneinterferedandspoiledthegame.我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了進(jìn)來(lái)，把游戲給打亂了。[同義]arbitrate,encroach,intercede,interrupt,intervene,intrude,meddle[派生]interference/7intE5fiErEns/n.沖突,干涉[固定搭配]interferein干涉,干預(yù)；interferewith妨礙;干涉,干擾；comprehension/7kCmpri5henFEn/n.理解,包含[例]Readingdependsonthecomprehensionoftheideasexpressedbythewordsused.閱讀有賴于對(duì)所用詞句所表達(dá)的含義的理解。[同義]apprehension[反義]incomprehension/in7kCmpri5henFEn/n.不了解,不領(lǐng)悟[派生]comprehensive/7kCmpri5hensiv/adj.全面的,廣泛的,能充分理解的,包容的comprehend/7kCmpri5hend/vt.領(lǐng)會(huì),理解,包括(包含),由...組成hence/hens/adv.因此,從此[例]TheygrewupintheSudan;hencetheirinterestinNubianart.他們?cè)谔K丹長(zhǎng)大；由是產(chǎn)生了對(duì)努比亞藝術(shù)的興趣[同義]accordingly,away,consequently,elsewhere,fromnowon,latertherefore[反義]ago/E5^Eu/adv.以前的,以往的transmission/trAnz5miFEn/n.播送,發(fā)射,傳動(dòng),傳送,傳輸,轉(zhuǎn)播[例]transmissionofnews消息的傳播[同義]sending,transport,transfer,broadcast[反義]reception/ri5sepFEn/n.接待,招待會(huì),接收[派生]transmissible/trAnz5misEbl/adj.可傳送的,可遺傳的transmit/trAnz5mit/vt.傳輸,轉(zhuǎn)送,傳達(dá),傳導(dǎo),發(fā)射,遺傳,傳播vi.發(fā)射信號(hào),發(fā)報(bào)inaccurate/in5Akjurit/adj.錯(cuò)誤的,不準(zhǔn)確的[例]Thereisaslightinaccuracyinthisdesign.這張?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)圖中有一點(diǎn)不大準(zhǔn)確。[同義]incorrect,inexact[反義]accurate/5Akjurit/adj.正確的,精確的[派生]inaccuracy/in5AkjurEsi/n.錯(cuò)誤indefinite/in5definit/adj.模糊的,不確定的,[語(yǔ)]不定的[例]anindefiniteleaveofabsence對(duì)在場(chǎng)者的離席無(wú)明確限制的[同義]broad,confused,general,hazy,indistinct,obscure,unclear,vague[反義]definite/5definit/adj.明確的,一定的[派生]indefinitely/in5definitli/adv.不確定地四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)

1.Andpriceisthenumberonefactorinfluencingconsumers'__________ofvehicleinChina,with98%ofrespondentsnamingit,comparedwith82%ofUKconsumersand83%ofthoseintheU.S.A.desireB.conclusionC.choiceD.purpose

2.Althoughtherainpoursdownwiththe________relentlessness,ceasingalloutdooractivities,themanofthefieldliftshisfacetotheheavensandsmiles.A.topB.utmostC.gracefulD.dissipated3.TheRomanticMovement,whichstartedasa________againsttheindustrialrevolutionofthecentury,wasbornandflourishedinGermany,buthasnotstoppedtheGermansfrombeingEurope'smostsuccessfulentrepreneursandindustrialists.A.constancyB.constructionC.conventionD.reaction4.Firstofall,don’tletyouremotions________withyourvision.Dontseesomethingbecauseyouwantto