第第頁2025年高考英語三輪沖刺：語法填空、閱讀理解、完形填空解題技巧講義語法填空解題技巧謂語謂語的組成：謂語是由動詞+時態(tài)+語態(tài)組成的，也就是說謂語必須是動詞的形式；題目中括號詞為動詞時，看整句缺少謂語時，空中可考慮動詞的謂語形式。謂語時態(tài)的確定時間狀語：一般現(xiàn)在時do/does/am/is/are表達經(jīng)常、習慣性的、反復出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài):nowandthen偶爾、有時；,everyotherweek每隔一周；monthly每月；一般過去時did/was/were表達過去一段時間經(jīng)常、反復的動作或狀態(tài)：theotherday前幾天；afewdaysago幾天前；lastnight昨晚；現(xiàn)在完成時has/havedone表達發(fā)生在過去的動作或狀態(tài)剛剛完成，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響：lately/recently最近、近來；sofar/sincethen/uptonow/bynow/untilnow到目前為止；overthelastfewyears在過去的幾年里；2020全國I卷舉例：InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereported(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.現(xiàn)在完成時，“Inrecentyears”是現(xiàn)在完成時的標志，強調(diào)動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。句中已有動詞的時態(tài)句中有并列或者主從句結構，比如and前后并列的動詞時態(tài)一致，主從句時態(tài)一致等等特征。2024新課標Ⅱ卷舉例：SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingaboutwere(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.一般過去時，根據(jù)定語從句時態(tài)“waswriting”可知本句時態(tài)為一般過去時，主語“someofthethings”是復數(shù)，所以用were。句意和語境注意形式的同時，也要結合語境判斷句中動詞動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時間，從而判定時態(tài)。2024新課標Ⅰ卷舉例：Further,thesilkroutegardenaroundthegreenhousewalks(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientsilkroad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainforthefirsttime.一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是“thesilkroutegarden”，單數(shù)，根據(jù)上下文可知描述的是一般情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。2021新高考Ⅰ卷舉例：Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.ThebestpartofatriptoMountHuangshan

was

(be)thefive-hourclimbtothetop.一般過去時，講述過去去黃山旅行的經(jīng)歷，用一般過去時。固定句式Itisthefirsttimethatsbhasdonesth這是某人第幾次做某事Itwasthefirsttimethatsbhaddonesth這是某人第幾次做某事Nosoonerhadsbdonethansbdidsth一……就……Hardly/Scarcelyhadsbdonewhensbdidsth一……就……Bythetimesbdidsth,sb/sthhaddone.到…的時候，…完成了非謂語非謂語是什么非謂語，顧名思義，不是謂語，除了不能充當謂語這個句子成分外，可以充當句子的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等成分，因此稱之為非謂語。非謂語的組成todotodo通常表達計劃、想要之類動詞的搭配，比如也會在句中表達目的，在句子中充當狀語，意為目的是，為了…，要去…等等熟記動詞的固定搭配，以及理解句中語境的意義，有助于成功填空！2024新課標Ⅰ卷舉例：Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)”madeofglassandaluminium(鋁).Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays

togive

(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.動詞不定式作目的狀語2024浙江1月卷舉例：However,ifyou’reshoppingforone,buyingextra

tobenefit

(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.動詞不定式作目的狀語doingdoing可做前置定語或后置定語；表達主動、進行的狀態(tài)；前置定語doing可做形容詞，也可做名詞，通常前置作定語修飾后面的名詞；后置定語doing則考慮與do這個動作發(fā)出者是否是主謂關系；比如：arunningboy表達一個正在跑的男孩，doing表達主動、進行狀態(tài)；drinkingwater表達飲用水，doing說明水的用途；engineeringtechniques表達工程技術，doing說明技術限定的領域；2022新高考Ⅰ卷舉例：Covering(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表主動2020全國Ⅲ卷舉例：Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds

surrounding

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表主動和進行donedone也可做前置定語或后置定語；表達被動、完成的狀態(tài)；前置定語done可做形容詞，修飾后面的名詞；后置定語done則考慮與do這個動作發(fā)出者是否是動賓關系；2021年新高考Ⅰ卷舉例：Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingusastonished(astonish).過去分詞作賓語補足語，表被動和完成變形adj.adv.形容詞變副詞，考特殊變化：-ble/-le結尾的形容詞，去掉e，再加y變成副詞terribleterribly;possiblepossibly;responsibleresponsibly;wholewholly;-ic結尾的形容詞，加-allybasicbasically;specificspecifically;enthusiasticenthusiastically;scientificscientifically;automaticautomatically;-ue結尾的形容詞，去掉e，再加lytruetruly-ll結尾的形容詞，直接加yfullfully,dulldullyn./v.adj.動詞變形容詞的幾種常見形式：ed;able;sive;tive;ful;ous;動詞形容詞動詞形容詞ableaccessaccessiblesivedecidedecisiveadmireadmirableimpressimpressiveadjustadjustabledefenddefensiveadaptadaptable動詞形容詞suitsuitabletivecompetecompetitivesustainsustainableaddictaddictivevaluevaluableattractattractiverelyreliabledetectdetective動詞形容詞detectdetectivefulharmharmfulpowerpowerfulpeacepeacefulendangerendangered2）名詞變形容詞的幾種常見形式：al;名詞形容詞名詞形容詞alagricultureagriculturalbenefitbeneficialcultureculturaloriginoriginalemotionemotionalnutritionnutritionaleconomyeconomicalcommercecommercialprofessionprofessionaladj./n.influenceinfluentialfunctionfunctionalglobeglobalvisionvisualv./adj.n.動詞變名詞的幾種常見形式：tion;sion;ment;al;動詞名詞動詞名詞tionadoptadoptionappreciateappreciationaffectaffectionassociateassociationattractattractioncalculatecalculationcollectcollectioncelebratecelebrationprotectprotectionconcentrateconcentrationexhibitexhibitioncontributecontributionelectelectioncooperatecooperationconstructconstructioncongratulatecongratulationdecoratedecorationdevotedevotiondestructdestructiondistributedistributiondistinctdistrinctiondonatedonationelectelectiongraduategraduationextinctextinctionhesitatehesitationinspectinspectioninspireinspirationinterruptinterruptioninterveneinterventionreactreactionlocatelocationrestrictrestrictionpollutepollutionreflectreflectionpromotepromotionrejectrejectionparticipateparticipationselectselectiondedicatededicationprohibitprohibitionseparateseparationadaptadaptationaddadditionreservereservationcomposecompositionconserveconservationapplyapplicationpreservepreservationreducereductionadmireadmirationoccupyoccupationdeclaredeclarationexamexaminationdeterminedeterminationdescribedescriptionexplainexplanationassumeassumptionorganizeorganizationconsumeconsumptioninviteinvitationintendintentioninvestigateinvestigationsolvesolutioninforminformationrecognizerecognitionrecommendrecommendationresolveresolutionconsultconsultationqualifyqualificationreciterecitationdepartdeparturecompetecompetitioncomposecomposition動詞名詞動詞名詞sionadmitadmissionexpressexpressionexplodeexplosionimpressimpressionexpandexpansionpossesspossessionconcludeconclusionreviserevisiondecidedecisiondepartmentdividedivision動詞名詞動詞名詞mentjudgejudgementimproveimprovementargueargumentachieveachievementastonishastonishmentadvertiseadvertisementappointappointmentencourageencouragementassessassessmentarrangearrangementdisappointdisappointmentgoverngovernmentembarrassembarrassmentassignassignmententertainentertainmenttreattreatmentequipequipmentappointappointmentinvestinvestmentannounceannouncementattachattachmentreplacereplacement動詞名詞alsurvivesurvivalremoveremovalapproveapproval2）形容詞變名詞的幾種常見形式：tce;ness;形容詞名詞形容詞名詞t-ceabsentabsenceignorantignoranceaccurateaccuracyfluentfluencyconfidentconfidencesilentsilencecompetentcompetencesignificantsignificancedistantdistancetoleranttoleranceinnocentinnocencepatientpatienceintelligentintelligenceviolentviolence形容詞名詞形容詞名詞nessawareawarenessrichrichnessfitfitnesshappyhappiness幸福2024新課標Ⅰ卷：Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctional(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.function為名詞，意為“功能”，此處需用形容詞functional修飾名詞structure，表示“起作用的；功能性的”2024新課標Ⅰ卷：Incoldweather,thestructurestays

closed

(close)toprotecttheplants.close作動詞時意為“關閉”，這里用其形容詞形式closed，表示“關閉的”，作表語2024全國Ⅰ卷：TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouth-westernpartofChinaattheendofapathretracingthestepsalongtheSilkRoutethatbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichness(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.rich是形容詞，意為“富裕的；豐富的”，此處用其名詞形式richness，表示“豐富；富饒”2024全國Ⅱ卷：ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternationalvisibility(visible).visible是形容詞，意為“可見的”，這里用其名詞形式visibility，表示“知名度；可見性”2023新課標Ⅱ卷：Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfident(confidence)speakingEnglish.confidence是名詞，意為“信心”，這里用其形容詞形式confident，表示“自信的”，作表語2022浙江卷1月：Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedtheinvitation(invite).invite是動詞，意為“邀請”，此處用其名詞形式invitation，表示“邀請；邀請書”，作賓語2021浙江6月卷：Theyhaveadaily(day)routinethattheyfollowstrictly.day是名詞，意為“天；白天”，這里用其形容詞形式daily，表示“每日的；日常的”，修飾名詞routine，此類的還有month變成monthly，friend變成friendly冠詞不定冠詞a,an，主要考慮元音或輔音音素，記住特殊情況比如university這種u字母的發(fā)字母音的時候前面用不定冠詞a，除此之外，剩下的五個元音字母a/e/i/o/u，發(fā)音大都是元音；定冠詞the的使用：名詞帶后置定語，大多表特指；名詞表示獨一無二的事物，比如theGreatWall,thesun,themoon等；固定搭配序數(shù)詞、形容詞比較級或最高級：thefirst第一，thefastest最快的；thetallerone兩者比較較高的；themore…,themore…越…越…;表時間的：allthetime總是；atthemoment目前、現(xiàn)在；atthesametime與此同時；theotherday前幾天、不久前的一天；forthetimebeing暫時、眼下；表概括的：onthewhole總的來說、大體上；totellthetruth說實話；inthelongrun從長遠看；onthecontrary相反；名詞搭配：onthespot在現(xiàn)場；alltheway一直、一路上；onthebasisof…以…為基礎；undertheinfluence/controlof…在…影響/控制下;atthesightof…一看見…就…;inthefaceof…面對…;2024年新高考I卷：Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhousewalksvisitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor

the

firsttime.2023年新高考I卷：Themeatshouldbefreshwith

a

touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.atouchofsth一點點，有一點2023年浙江1月卷：Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity,theSummerPalace,andtheTempleofHeaven,thehutongsreflectthecultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.2022年新高考I卷：CoveringanareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.2021年新高考I卷：Whileyou'reinChina,MountHuangshanisamusttovisit!2021年全國甲卷：Ittookusabout3hourstogoallthewayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.連詞并列連詞and,but,or，可并列單詞、短語、句子；從屬連詞，多起連接或者承擔某種意義：引導名詞性從句或者定語從句，確定從句類型，定語從句前面多為名詞；名詞性從句多承擔句子的某個成分，比如主語、賓語、表語等；引導狀語從句，表達時間、因果、條件、轉折，缺什么意思，就填什么連詞；2024年浙江1月卷：Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhomeoryoucan’tusewhatyou’veboughtwhileit’sstillfresh.2024年新高考II卷：RecallingwatchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare’splayRichardIIIinShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThePeonyPavilion,Edmondsonsaid,“ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguageandseehowTang’splaywasbeingperformed.2023年新高考I卷：Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhethertobiteasmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2023年浙江1月卷：DuringChina’sdynasticperiod,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijingandarrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocialclasses.2022年新高考I卷：Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.2021年浙江卷：AlthoughMarylovedflowers,neithershenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.五、代詞注意區(qū)分it,it’s=itis,its,itself；考察多以人稱代詞、物主代詞以及反身代詞為主，根據(jù)指代的意義，以及語境中缺乏的意義填空；2023年新高考I卷：Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthemtobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42theircontents。2022年全國乙卷：TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,openingitsfirstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea。2022年北京卷：Sincepeoplecan’talwayseatoutorcookforthemselves,theygettakeoutororderdelivery。2021年全國乙卷：Ecotourismhasitsoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconceptuntilthelate1980s。2021年新高考I卷：Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesinmine.2021年浙江卷：Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionofher,everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder。2020年全國I卷：Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical。2020年新高考卷：Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest。六、介詞，熟悉搭配，合理歸類，各個突破as作為介詞，句中缺乏作為的意思，比如serveas,actas,standas；to可作為介詞，表達某種指向，或者固定搭配，比如besimilartosth;befamiliartosb等；by作為介詞，表達的意義大概三類，第一類表達方式，比如byhand,bydoingsth,表示用…或者通過…方式；第二類表達時間，在…之前，比如bytheendoflastyear,表示截止到去年年底；第三類表達空間，比如在…旁邊:bythepark,經(jīng)過:passby；with作為介詞，表達的意義大概三類，第一類與動詞搭配，表達和…一起，一般是和人一起，比如agreewithsb，playwithsb,goalongwithsb;第二類與形容詞搭配，表達某種感情，比如besatisfiedwithsth,befamiliarwithsth;第三類與名詞搭配，表達某種方式，withembarrassment，withcare;第四類表達帶有、具有或者攜帶某種工具、使用某種手段或材料thegirlwithlonghair，makeacakewithflour,eggsandsugar；2023年新高考I卷：Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressedbyhandratherthanrolled.2023年全國甲卷：Sheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibilityforsavingtheirenvironment.2023年全國乙卷：FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuiltsystemofringroads.2023年浙江1月卷：ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoricevents.2022年新高考I卷：Giantpandasalsoserveasanumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.2021年新高考I卷：Acompanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.閱讀理解解題技巧細節(jié)理解題題干題干與文章關鍵詞呼應，原詞替換或者同近義詞替換，圈劃關鍵詞定位排除；關注大寫字母開頭的名詞，多是人名、地名、術語等，定位文章排除選項；選項選項與文章關鍵詞呼應，原詞替換或者同近義替換；意義拼湊，定位文章排除選項鎖定正確選項；主旨大意題段落首句+中心詞復現(xiàn)段意歸納概括；文章邏輯走向+結構總分/分總/總分總+中心詞復現(xiàn)=主旨關注邏輯轉折、對比、因果類等邏輯敏感詞轉折：however,yet,but,nevertheless,although,though,despite,inspiteof,regardlessof…;對比：while,onthecontrary,incontrast,ontheotherhand,bycomparison,comparedto/withsth…;因果：so,therefore,hence,consequently,asaresult,toconclude,inshort,onthewhole,that’swhy…;舉例：say比如；like像，例如；including包括；suchas/forexample/forinstance比如；解釋：mean意味著；bedefinedas…定義；standfor代表；referto指的是；inotherwords換句話說，toputitinanotherway換句話說；觀點態(tài)度題人物評價：devoted/loyal忠誠的；reliable/trustworthy可信賴的；generous慷慨的，豐富的；enthusiastic熱情的；energetic有活力的；thoughtful/considerate考慮周到的，體貼的；courageous勇敢的；adventurous有冒險精神的；professional專業(yè)的；knowledgeable博學的；caring/helpful樂于助人的；intelligent聰明的，有智慧的；insightful有洞察力的；diligent勤奮的；determined有決心的，cooperative合作的，樂于配合的；humble/modest謙虛的；optimistic樂觀的；humorous幽默的；事物評價：efficient高效的；demanding要求高的；predictable可預測的；far-reaching影響深遠的；risky有風險的；costly代價高的；controversial有爭議的；authoritative權威的；profitable有利潤的；influential有影響力的；eventful多變故的；simpleandplain簡單明了的；straightforward簡單的，易懂的；ineffective無效的；inconsistent不一致的；unattractive不吸引人的；inexpensive便宜的；觀點態(tài)度：positive積極的，贊同的；favorable肯定的，贊成的；approving同意的，贊許的；appreciative感激的，贊賞的；supportive支持的，鼓勵的；complimentary贊美的，欽佩的；sympathetic同情的；tolerant容忍的，寬容的；reasonable合理的；objective客觀的；unclear不清楚的；ambiguous模糊的；cautious小心的、謹慎的；conservative保守的，傳統(tǒng)的；neutral中立的；impartial公正的，不偏不倚的；wait-and-see觀望的；dismissive冷漠的；doubtful,skeptical,suspicious懷疑的；indifferent漠不關心的；uncaring冷漠的；intolerant不容忍的；unwilling不愿意的；disapproving不贊同的；critical批判的；pessimistic悲觀的；opposed反對的；negative消極的；concerned憂慮的；biased有偏見的；impersonal冷淡的，不受感情影響的；文章出處題網(wǎng)站website，awebpage，文中提到click，download，access等敏感詞；研究sciencearticle,paper,researchreport，文中提到university,expert,tutor,professor,research,study等敏感詞；課程course,文中提到grade,score,test,assignment等敏感詞；書評review,文中提到bookname,author,comment,review等敏感詞；傳記biography,autobiography,文中提到人物的經(jīng)歷；導游手冊brochure,guide,文中提到touristattraction,bookticket等敏感詞；閱讀理解中的同義替換名詞問題problemissue；機會chanceopportunity；建議suggestionproposal；目標goalaimpurposetargetobjective；困難difficultybarrier障礙challenge挑戰(zhàn)trouble麻煩；缺點、劣勢disadvantagedrawbackweakness；優(yōu)勢advantagebenefit好處strength長處virtue美德；地區(qū)、區(qū)域districtregionzonearea；避難所shelterrefugesanctuary；動詞認為considerbelieve認為claim聲稱、斷言argue主張、爭辯assume假設、認為insist堅持hold持有（觀點）suggest表明、暗示note指出、記錄；確認、證實confirmdemonstrate證明、演示identify查明、確認recognize辨別、承認；強調(diào)stressemphasizehighlight;評價judgeassessevaluatecommentremark評價n.談論、