II燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差分析目 次前言 II范圍 1規(guī)范性引用文件 1術(shù)語和定義 1基本原則 2耗差分析 3附錄A100MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差因子 4附錄B200MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差因子 4附錄C400MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差因子 7PAGEPAGE1燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差分析范圍本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差分析相關(guān)的術(shù)語和定義、指標(biāo)范圍及方法。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于容量等級為100MW及以上的燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組，其他燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組可參照執(zhí)行。規(guī)范性引用文件下列文件對本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，僅所注日期的版本適用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有修改單）適用于本文件。ASMEPTC4.4-2008 燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)余熱鍋爐性能試驗規(guī)程DL/T904-2015 火力發(fā)電廠技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)計算方法術(shù)語和定義下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。standardnaturalgas101.25a2010033350kJ/Nm3。standardnaturalgasconsumptionperunitproductionofpowergeneration統(tǒng)計期內(nèi)，燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組每發(fā)出1MW·h電能所消耗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)天然氣量，公式如下：Gs×1-β式中：

gsf= 100WfW

（1）gf——Nm（W·h；Gs——統(tǒng)計期內(nèi)，機(jī)組耗用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)天然氣量，Nm3；β——供熱成本分?jǐn)偙龋?；Wf——（W·。注：發(fā)電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤耗發(fā)電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣耗×1.3，單位為/（W·。heatsupplycostproportion燃?xì)鉄犭姍C(jī)組供熱和發(fā)電成本的分?jǐn)傁禂?shù)，采用熱量法計算。 h Dh×（hh-h'）/ηhr h β= ×100 （2）Gg×LHV式中：β——供熱成本分?jǐn)偙龋?；Dh——供熱抽汽量，kg/h；hh——供熱抽汽比焓，kJ/kg；hh'——供熱抽汽回水比焓，kJ/kg；ηhr——0.95；ηp——0.99；hGg——燃?xì)鉄犭姍C(jī)組天然氣耗氣量，m3/h；LHV——天然氣低位發(fā)熱量，（kJ/m3）standardnaturalgasconsumptionperunitproductionofpowersupply統(tǒng)計期內(nèi)，燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組每供出1MW·h電能所消耗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)天然氣的量。PAGEPAGE2式中：

gsg

=gsf1-Lfd100

（3）gg——Nm（W·h；Lfd——發(fā)電廠用電率，%。廠用電率的計算按照DL/T904-2015。注：供電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤耗供電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣耗×1.3，單位為/（W·。compressorinletairpressuredrop空氣經(jīng)過壓氣機(jī)進(jìn)氣濾網(wǎng)過濾后產(chǎn)生的壓力降，單位為Pa。壓氣機(jī)[等熵壓縮]效率compressorisentropiccompression]efficiency壓氣機(jī)等熵壓縮空氣耗功量與實際壓縮空氣耗功量的比值，為衡量壓氣機(jī)運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性的一個重要指標(biāo)，近似可采用下列公式計算：kc-1(πkc-1)η=c ×100 （4）2(c2(式中：5c——壓氣機(jī)效率，%；πc——壓氣機(jī)壓縮比；kc——壓氣機(jī)等熵壓縮系數(shù)，取1.4；T2——壓氣機(jī)排氣溫度，K；T1——壓氣機(jī)進(jìn)氣溫度，K。

T-1)T1公式。余熱鍋爐煙氣側(cè)壓損HRSGgassidepressuredrop燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)排氣經(jīng)過余熱鍋爐受熱面時產(chǎn)生的壓力降，單位為kPa。?Phrsg=Pin-Pout （5）式中：?Phrsg——余熱鍋爐煙氣側(cè)壓降，kPa；Pin——余熱鍋爐進(jìn)口煙氣壓力，kPa；Pout——余熱鍋爐出口煙氣壓力，kPa。注：余熱鍋爐進(jìn)出口煙氣壓力的測量按照ASMEPTC4.4-2008執(zhí)行。運(yùn)行基準(zhǔn)值fiducialvalue燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組經(jīng)濟(jì)性達(dá)到最優(yōu)狀態(tài)時的指標(biāo)運(yùn)行值。耗差consumptiondifferenceNm/耗差因子consumptiondifferencefactor運(yùn)行指標(biāo)偏離運(yùn)行基準(zhǔn)值單位量時，機(jī)組供電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣耗的相對變化率，單位為%。基本原則

Wh。100100M150M200M（180W250400W（390MW~480MW）等級劃分，一拖一機(jī)組容量等級按照整套機(jī)組裝機(jī)容量確定，二拖一機(jī)組容量等級按照整套機(jī)組裝機(jī)容量的1/2確定。耗差分析應(yīng)以單臺機(jī)組為基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)機(jī)組表計、測點(diǎn)情況合理確定需要進(jìn)行耗差分析的指標(biāo)。50%范圍內(nèi)，以保證耗差分析結(jié)果的合理可靠。（或熱耗是機(jī)組負(fù)荷的函數(shù)。耗差分析方法指標(biāo)選取燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組耗差分析指標(biāo)體系可分為機(jī)組綜合指標(biāo)、設(shè)備綜合指標(biāo)和運(yùn)行指標(biāo)三個層級。其中：機(jī)組綜合指標(biāo)包括：負(fù)荷率、發(fā)電廠用電率；設(shè)備綜合指標(biāo)包括：燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)效率、汽輪機(jī)效率和余熱鍋爐效率；運(yùn)行指標(biāo)包括：環(huán)境溫度、大氣壓力、空氣相對濕度、壓氣機(jī)進(jìn)氣壓損、壓氣機(jī)效率、燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)排氣壓損、余熱鍋爐排煙溫度、余熱鍋爐煙氣側(cè)壓損、主蒸汽溫度、主蒸汽壓力、再熱蒸汽溫度（三壓再熱蒸汽循環(huán)、再熱蒸汽壓損（三壓再熱蒸汽循環(huán)、高壓級組效率、中壓級組效率（三壓再熱蒸汽循環(huán)運(yùn)行基準(zhǔn)值確定確定指標(biāo)運(yùn)行基準(zhǔn)值是進(jìn)行耗差分析的基礎(chǔ)，運(yùn)行基準(zhǔn)值的確定方法包括：不宜通過優(yōu)化試驗確定基準(zhǔn)值的指標(biāo)，可采用設(shè)計值作為基準(zhǔn)值，如壓氣機(jī)進(jìn)氣壓損、蒸汽溫度、過冷度以及運(yùn)行環(huán)境條件（包括大氣壓力、環(huán)境溫度、空氣相對濕度）等；優(yōu)化試驗容易確定的指標(biāo)，可采用優(yōu)化運(yùn)行試驗值作為基準(zhǔn)值，如汽輪機(jī)背壓；壓氣機(jī)效率、燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)效率、汽輪機(jī)效率、蒸汽壓力、高壓級組效率、凝汽器端差、燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)排氣壓力、汽輪機(jī)背壓等指標(biāo)可通過理論分析和變工況計算確定基準(zhǔn)值。耗差值計算i=1燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組耗差值計算采用下列計算公式：i=1式中：

Δg=∑nΔgi

（6）g——Nm（W·；Δgi——Nm（Wh式中：M ——能耗指標(biāo)實際運(yùn)行值；

Δgi=(M-M

)×KT100

aim

（7）m——Nm（W·；KT——ABC。注：對于二拖一機(jī)組，燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)某能耗指標(biāo)耗差值通過燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)負(fù)荷加權(quán)計算，汽輪機(jī)能耗指標(biāo)耗差值參考一拖一機(jī)組。附錄A（資料性附錄）100MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差因子100MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差因子序號參數(shù)參數(shù)變化耗差(NM3/（MW·h）)耗差因子（%）120MW240MW120MW240MW1機(jī)組負(fù)荷率偏差15%5.7095.5402.8012.7422機(jī)組負(fù)荷率偏差25%10.90710.4655.3525.1793機(jī)組負(fù)荷率偏差35%17.96717.2458.8158.5344發(fā)電廠用電率增加0.1%（絕對變化量）0.2080.2060.1020.1025燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)效率降低1%（絕對變化量）2.6322.5591.2911.2676余熱鍋爐效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.8130.8340.3990.4137蒸汽輪機(jī)效率降低1%（絕對變化量）2.0482.0541.0051.0178余熱鍋爐排煙溫度升高1℃0.1380.1420.0680.0709大氣壓力升高1kPa0.3890.1930.1910.09610相對濕度升高10%0.0070.0130.0030.00711壓氣機(jī)進(jìn)氣壓損增加10mmH2O0.0320.0380.0160.01912燃?xì)馔钙脚艢鈮簱p增加10mmH2O0.0550.0560.0270.02813壓氣機(jī)效率降低1%（絕對變化量）1.0980.9720.5390.48114余熱鍋爐煙氣側(cè)壓損增加1kPa0.5740.5610.2820.27815背壓升高1kPa1.0520.9620.5160.47616循環(huán)水溫度升高1℃0.2940.2470.1440.12217過冷度升高1℃0.0170.0310.0080.01518端差升高1℃0.2960.2500.1450.12419高壓主蒸汽溫度降低1℃0.0380.0310.0190.01520高壓主蒸汽壓力降低1MPa1.4400.8530.7060.42221高壓級組效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.1840.1660.0900.08222低壓級組效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.3690.3850.1810.19023低壓補(bǔ)汽溫度降低1℃0.0050.0010.0030.001注：1）120MW15℃101.325kPa60%，發(fā)電廠用電率為266W·h3.53.58.0%51P，20℃；100MW等級歸類101.325kPa，6260（W·h3.03.5，87.59%5.1kPa20℃。100MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組的影響序號環(huán)境溫度偏差量（℃）耗差(NM3/（MW·h）)耗差因子（%）120MW240MW120MW240MW1-243.8222.4911.8751.2332-223.3972.1411.6671.0603-202.9921.8051.4680.8934-182.6071.4811.2790.7335-162.2401.1711.0990.5796-141.8930.8740.9290.4327-121.5650.5900.7680.2928-101.2560.3860.6160.1919-80.9660.2640.4740.13110-60.6960.1640.3410.08111-40.4450.0870.2180.04312-20.2130.0320.1040.016132-0.075-0.010-0.037-0.005144-0.1030.002-0.0510.001156-0.0960.037-0.0470.018168-0.0540.095-0.0260.04717100.0240.1740.0120.08618120.1360.2760.0670.13719140.2830.4010.1390.19820160.4660.5470.2290.27121180.6830.7160.3350.35522200.9360.9080.4590.44923221.2241.1220.6000.55524241.5471.3580.7590.672注：各容量機(jī)組計算基準(zhǔn)同A.1。附錄B（資料性附錄）200MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差因子200MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差因子序號參數(shù)參數(shù)變化耗差耗差因子（%）185MW250MW185MW250MW1機(jī)組負(fù)荷率偏差15%5.8313.9832.7211.9052機(jī)組負(fù)荷率偏差25%11.1867.4735.2193.5743機(jī)組負(fù)荷率偏差35%18.44313.3288.6056.3754發(fā)電廠用電率增加0.1%（絕對變化量）0.2190.2130.1020.1025燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)效率降低1%（絕對變化量）3.0672.8961.4311.3856余熱鍋爐效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.8850.8540.4130.4087蒸汽輪機(jī)效率降低1%（絕對變化量）2.2582.1271.0531.0178余熱鍋爐排煙溫度升高1℃0.1670.1610.0780.0779大氣壓力升高1kPa0.2160.0260.1010.01310相對濕度升高10%0.0290.0010.0130.00111壓氣機(jī)進(jìn)氣壓損增加10mmH2O0.0220.0240.0100.01212燃?xì)馔钙脚艢鈮簱p增加10mmH2O0.0470.0350.0220.01713壓氣機(jī)效率降低1%（絕對變化量）1.3121.2820.6120.61314余熱鍋爐煙氣側(cè)壓損增加1kPa0.4510.3790.2100.18115背壓升高1kPa1.1511.1230.5370.53716循環(huán)水溫度升高1℃0.3130.2440.1460.11717過冷度升高1℃0.0310.0310.0140.01518端差升高1℃0.3280.2560.1530.12219高壓主蒸汽溫度降低1℃0.0340.0350.0160.01720高壓主蒸汽壓力降低1MPa2.3091.5151.0770.72521高壓級組效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.1600.1350.0750.06522低壓級組效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.4140.3870.1930.18523低壓補(bǔ)汽溫度降低1℃0.0030.0050.0010.002注：1）185MW15℃101.325kPa60%，發(fā)電廠用電率為270W·h3.83.68.1%4.P，20℃；2）250MW容量機(jī)組計算基準(zhǔn)：環(huán)境溫度15℃，大氣壓力101.325kPa，空氣相對濕度60%，發(fā)電廠用電率為266W·h3.93.28.1%4.P，20℃。200MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組的影響序號環(huán)境溫度偏差量（℃）耗差(NM3/（MW·h）)耗差因子（%）185MW250MW185MW250MW1-242.0993.0880.9791.4772-221.9302.8250.9001.3513-201.7552.5420.8191.2164-181.5762.2470.7351.0755-161.3941.9460.6510.9316-141.2111.6480.5650.7887-121.0281.3560.4790.6498-100.8461.0770.3950.5159-80.6660.8150.3110.39010-60.4900.5740.2290.27511-40.3200.3560.1490.17012-20.1560.1640.0730.079132-0.147-0.136-0.068-0.065144-0.283-0.244-0.132-0.117156-0.407-0.324-0.190-0.155168-0.518-0.378-0.242-0.1811710-0.614-0.407-0.286-0.1951812-0.694-0.414-0.324-0.1981914-0.757-0.404-0.353-0.1932016-0.801-0.379-0.374-0.1812118-0.825-0.346-0.385-0.1652220-0.828-0.309-0.386-0.1482322-0.808-0.275-0.377-0.1312424-0.764-0.250-0.356-0.120注：各容量機(jī)組計算基準(zhǔn)同B.1。PAGEPAGE8400MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差因子

附錄C（資料性附錄）400MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組能耗指標(biāo)耗差因子序號參數(shù)參數(shù)變化耗差(NM3/（MW·h）)耗差因子（%）390MW430MW480MW780MW830MW390MW430MW480MW780MW830MW1機(jī)組負(fù)荷率偏差15%4.3465.2924.0434.8975.1122.2712.8312.1832.5432.6862機(jī)組負(fù)荷率偏差25%8.2179.3227.0478.9447.5234.2944.9873.8054.6443.9533機(jī)組負(fù)荷率偏差35%13.44415.19411.19014.35413.2807.0258.1286.0427.4546.9794發(fā)電廠用電率增加0.1%（絕對變化量）0.1950.1900.1890.1960.1940.1020.1020.1020.1020.1025燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)效率降低1%（絕對變化量）2.2792.1722.1052.3112.2711.1911.1621.1361.2001.1946余熱鍋爐效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.7750.7100.7060.7870.7530.4050.3800.3810.4090.3967蒸汽輪機(jī)效率降低1%（絕對變化量）1.8041.6301.6251.8021.6660.9430.8720.8770.9350.8768余熱鍋爐排煙溫度升高1℃0.1310.1250.1200.1330.1330.0680.0670.0650.0690.0709大氣壓力升高1kPa0.1380.1250.1160.1500.1480.0720.0670.0630.0780.07810相對濕度升高10%0.0180.0150.0160.0180.0150.0100.0080.0090.0100.00811壓氣機(jī)進(jìn)氣壓損增加10mmH2O0.0110.0170.0190.0210.0270.0060.0090.0100.0110.01412燃?xì)馔钙脚艢鈮簱p增加10mmH2O0.0290.0350.0270.0310.0470.0150.0190.0140.0160.02513壓氣機(jī)效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.8810.7750.8660.8980.9140.4600.4150.4680.4660.48014余熱鍋爐煙氣側(cè)壓損增加1kPa0.3100.0410.2620.3120.4700.1620.0220.1420.1620.24715背壓升高1kPa0.9110.9310.8890.7020.7550.4760.4980.4800.3650.39716循環(huán)水溫度升高1℃0.2250.1830.1520.2320.2130.1170.0980.0820.1210.11217過冷度升高1℃0.0110.0110.0090.0110.0120.0060.0060.0050.0060.006PAGEPAGE10序號參數(shù)參數(shù)變化耗差(NM3/（MW·h）)耗差因子（%）390MW430MW480MW780MW830MW390MW430MW480MW780MW830MW18端差升高1℃0.2340.2090.2060.2510.1950.1220.1120.1110.1300.10319高壓主蒸汽溫度降低1℃0.0230.0110.0160.0210.0280.0120.0060.0090.0110.01520高壓主蒸汽壓力降低1MPa0.8000.5880.5580.6890.4950.4180.3150.3010.3580.26021再熱蒸汽溫度降低1℃0.0040.0220.0210.0230.0220.0020.0120.0120.0120.01222再熱蒸氣壓損增加1%（絕對變化量）0.0630.0710.0580.0660.0630.0330.0380.0310.0340.03323高壓級組效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.0710.0660.0610.0780.0690.0370.0350.0330.0400.03624中壓級組效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.1040.1220.0970.1130.0890.0540.0650.0530.0590.04725低壓級組效率降低1%（絕對變化量）0.3130.2750.2920.2940.2670.1640.1470.1580.1530.14026低壓補(bǔ)汽溫度降低1℃0.00020.0010.0010.0020.0010.0000.0010.0010.0010.00130MW1℃112P6%1.%66/（W·3.6，37.43%87.15%4.9kPa20℃；240MW1℃11.2P6%1862/（W·h3.6，37.59%86.3%4.9kPa20℃；340MW1℃11.2P6%1866/（W·h3.6，38.06%87.6%4.9kPa20℃；4）780MW容量機(jī)組（400MW等級歸類）15℃101.325kPa60%1.8%，熱60/（W·h3.83.68.%4P0℃；5）830MW容量機(jī)組（400MW等級歸類）15℃101.325kPa60%1.8%，熱63/（W·h3.53.88.84.P2℃。400MW等級燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組的影響序號環(huán)境溫度偏差量（℃）耗差(Nm3/（MW·h）)耗差因子(%)390MW430MW480MW780MW830MW390MW430MW480MW780MW830MW1-243.4714.2031.0472.9952.3271.8142.2480.5651.5551.2232-223.0533.8040.9532.5982.0061.5952.0350.5151.3491.0543-202.6583.3010.8582.2281.7201.3891.7660.4631.1570.9044-182.2872.7310.7631.8851.4661.1951.4610.4120.9790.7705-161.9392.1330.6681.5691.2381.0131.1410.3610.8140.6516-141.6141.5450.5741.2791.0330.8440.8260.3100.6640.5437-121.3131.0040.4821.0160.8480.6860.5370.2600.5280.4458-101.0360.5480.3920.7800.6780.5410.2930.2120.4050.3569-80