Unit5Adelicateworld單元語法詳解外研版新教材選擇性必修二

原創(chuàng)Cao本單元重要語法→現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)

◆原句再現(xiàn)a.Theyhavebeentrainedtofindeverylastone,withoutharmingthenativeanimals.(教材

P51)b.Accordingtoofficialstatistics,over3,000plantspecieshavebeenrecordedthere.(教材

P57)c.Additionally,around4,300insectspecieshavebeenrecorded.(教材

P57)d.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeendonetoprotecttheecologyofShennongjia?(教材

P58)e.A“must”foranyonevisitingGuizhouProvince,FanjingMountainhasnowbeenaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageList,bringingthetotalnumberofUNESCOsitesinChinato53.(教材

P59)1.Mywatchhasjustbeenrepaired.2.Thevegetableshasbeenfrozenthiswintersofar.3.Thesedamagedbuildingshavealreadybeenrebuiltrecently.4.Allthechildrenhavealreadybeentakencareofinthevillage.5.Shehasbeentakentothehospital.6.Theyhavebeenadmittedintothekeyuniversity.◆

現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的四種句式：肯定式;否定式;一般疑問式;特殊疑問式◆

現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/hasbeendone.句子主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，使用havebeendone;句子主語為單數(shù)時，使用hasbeendone.請觀察以下句子※

肯定式:主語+have/has+been+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他※否定式:主語+have/has+not+been+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他※

一般疑問式:Have/Has+主語+been+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他※特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞(組)+have/has+主語+been+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他請觀察以下句子1.ThisbookhasalreadybeentranslatedintoFrench.2.Wehaven’tbeentoldthedateofthemeetingsofar.3.Hasthemachinebeenrepairedyet?4.Howmanyyearshasthecomputerbeenusedtillnow?5.Howhavetheseproblemsbeensolved?◆現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的含義※

動作已完成，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果※

主語和謂語動詞之間為被動關(guān)系請觀察以下句子a.Yourroomhasbeencleaned,soyouneedn’tcleanitnow.(clean動作已經(jīng)完成,而且room與clean之間為被動關(guān)系)b.Thesevegetableshavebeenwatered,sowecangohome.(water動作已經(jīng)完成,而且vegetables與water之間為被動關(guān)系)c.Theproblemhasjustbeensolvedbyourteacher.(solve動作已經(jīng)完成,而且problem與solve之間為被動關(guān)系)d.Allthericeinthebowlhasbeeneatenup.(eat動作已經(jīng)完成,而且rice與eat之間為被動關(guān)系)◆

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的主要用法●表示過去一個被動的動作或狀態(tài),一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能持續(xù)下去,常與for,over,inthepast…years或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用,或常見于“Howlong....?”句型中。請觀察以下句子a.Thefilmhasbeenshownforalmostthreehours.b.Thecarhasbeenusedinthepasttwelveyears.(比較：Thecarwasusedinthepast.)c.Theseissueshavebeendiscussedoverthesedays.d.Theworkershavebeentrappedsincelastweek.e.Everythinghasbeenchangedsince1990.f.Thepoorhavebeentakengoodcareofsincehelivedhere.●表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響與結(jié)果,常與yet,already,just,never,recently,before等副詞連用，請觀察以下句子a.I'msorry,butthelettershaven'tbeentypedyet.(結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在還拿不到這些信件)b.Theworkhasalreadybeenfinished.(結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在不用做這項工作了)c.Theclassroomhasjustbeencleaned.(結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在不用再打掃了)d.Theyhave

neverbeenpraisedbytheirteacher.(結(jié)果是：目前還沒被表揚)●常與“到目前為止”的狀語連用，如：sofar,uptonow,untilnow,uptillnow等,請觀察以下句子a.Alltheclotheshavebeenshown

forthreedays.b.Uptonow,thetaskhasn’tbeencompleted.c.Themuseumhasbeenvisited

uptillnow.d.Untilnow,thesebooksinEnglishhavebeenkeptthere.●

在“It/That/Thisisthefirst…timethat從句”中,從句中謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成時的被動式，請觀察以下句子a.It/Thisisthethirdtimethatthemoviehasbeenshownthisyear.b.

Itisthefirsttimethatthegirlhasbeenpunishedbyherfather.c.Itisthesecondtimethattheseoldmenhavebeencheated.◆現(xiàn)在完成時的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)●只帶一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語即可，請觀察以下句子a.Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.(主動)→

Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.(被動)b.Hehasmadethreeplanemodelssofar.(主動)→Threeplanemodelshasbeenmadesofar.(被動)●帶有雙賓語的動詞,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,sell,make,sing,write,read,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個保留不動,請觀察以下句子a.Wehavegivenhimthebook.(主動)b.Hehasbeengiventhebook.(被動)c.Thebookhasbeengiventohim.(被動)●帶有復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,原來的賓語補足語成為主語補足語。原來省略to的不定式作賓語補足語的,被動語態(tài)中要用帶to的不定式,請觀察以下句子a.Ihavemademybrotherdocleaning.(主動)→Mybrotherhasbeenmadetodocleaning.(被動)b.Wehavehelpedthemgothroughthedifficulty.(被動)→Theyhavebeenhelpedtogothroughthedifficulty.(被動)c.Thebosshastoldthemtogotothecompanyatonce.(主動)→Theyhavebeentoldtogotothecompanyatonce.

(被動)●短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在現(xiàn)在完成時主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一般要保持短語的完整性，不可省略短語動詞中的介詞或副詞，請觀察以下句子

a.Allofthestudentshavereferredtothedictionary.→Thedictionaryhasbeenreferredto.

b.Thesevolunteershavetakengoodcareofthethreeoldmen.→Thethreeoldmenhavebeentakengoodcareof.c.Itissaidthatthepolicehavelookedintotheaccident.→Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.

d.Thegirlhasthoughtoftheexcitingstory.→Theexcitingstoryhasbeenthoughtof.◆考點訓(xùn)練1.--Flight302toLondon________until7:30tomorrowmorning.

--NowonderIhearsomanycomplaintsfromthepassengers.A.hasbeendelayed

B.delay

C.delayed

D.willbedelayed2.--Thewindowisdirty.--Iknow.It____for

weeks.

hasn'tclean

B.didn'tclean

C.wasn'tcleaned

D.hasn'tbeencleaned3.EveryyearmanyfarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_______

beforeleavingtheirhometowns.promised

B.werepromised

C.havepromised

D.havebeenpromisedADD●從A、B、C、D選出最佳選項4.--_____DavidandVicky_____married?

--Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere;being

B.Howlonghave;gotC.Howlonghave;been

D.Howlongdid;get5.Millionsofpoundsofdamage_____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.

A.hasbeencaused

B.hadbeencausedC.willbecaused

D.willhavebeencaused6.--Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.--I’msorry,butit_______already.A.hastaken

B.took

C.wastaken

D.hasbeentaken7.--______theletter_____toMr..Black?--No.It’sstillonthedesk.A.Has;given

B.Will;begiven

C.Was;given

D.Has;beengivenCADD9.Sofar,

moon______bymanalready.A.isvisited

B.willbevisited

C.hasbeenvisited

D.wasvisited10.Withthehelpofhightechnology,morenewsubstances_____inthepastyears.A.

discovered

B.havediscoveredC.

hadbeendiscovered

D.havebeendiscovered11.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit_______.Ahasruined

B

hadruined

ChasbeenruinedD

hadbeenruined12.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday______