PAGEPAGE1課時達標(十四)Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsⅠ閱讀理解A課標話題人與自然·宇宙奇妙探究體裁說明文詞數(shù)193難度(2024·臨川一中月考)Theskyisalargeplace,andthoughithasbeencarefullyexaminedforcenturies,newfeaturesstillturnup.LastMarchitwastheruleofUranus(天王星),andlastweekastronomersannouncedwhatmayturnouttobeanewplanet,thoughaverysmallone,inthesolarsystem.TheobjectwasfirstsightedlastmonthbyCharlesKowal,anastronomerattheHaleObservatoriesinPasadena,Calif.MrKowalobservedafainttrailoflightonphotographicplates,indicatingthatsomethingwasmovinginrelationtothebackgroundofstars.Otherobservershaveconfirmedthediscovery.The“mini-planet”，identifiedforthetimebeingas“Object-Kowal”，appearstobeabout1.5billionmilesaway,betweentheorbitofSaturnandUranus,anditsdiameter(直徑)hasbeenestimatedatbetween100and400miles.Itsorbithasnotbeendeterminedyet,butiftheorbitprovestoberoughlycircular,likethatofthemajorplanets,thenewobjectwouldprobablytake66to70yearstomakeacircuitofthesun.SomeastronomershavespeculatedthatMrKowal’sdiscoverymaybethefirstindicationofanasteroid(小行星)beltbeyondSaturn.語篇導讀本文介紹了目前在太陽系新發(fā)覺的可能是一顆小行星的天體。1．Whatmayhavebeenfoundinthesolarsystemaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Asmallnewplanet． B．Anewsolarsystem.C．Alargenewobject． D．Alargenewplanet.解析A細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次句可知，在太陽系中新發(fā)覺了可能是一顆小行星的天體，故選A項。2．Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．Whattheobjectislike． B．Howtheobjectwasfound.C．Wheretheastronomerslive. D．Whytheobjectwasmoving.解析B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段內(nèi)容可知，天文學家CharlesKowal在照相底片上視察到了一條淡淡的光亮路徑，指出有東西在相關(guān)的恒星后面移動，其他視察者也證明了這一發(fā)覺，所以其次段主要講解并描述了該行星是如何被發(fā)覺的，故選B項。3．Whatmagazinemightthispassagebetakenfrom?A．Astronomy． B．Industry． C．Spaceflight． D．Agriculture.解析A文章出處題。依據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹了目前在太陽系新發(fā)覺的一顆疑似小行星的天體，這類文章最可能出自與天文學相關(guān)的雜志上，故選A項。B課標話題人與自然·宇宙奇妙探究體裁記敘文詞數(shù)328難度(2024·長沙一中開學檢測)AnewstudysuggeststhatdarkmarkingsontheplanetMarsrepresentsand—notwater.Theresearchin2015suggestedthatlinesonsomeMartianhillswereevidenceofwater.YetAmericanscientistsnowsaytheselinesappearmorelikedry,flowsofsand.Ifwaterispresent,itislikelytobeasmallamount.Waterinliquidformwouldbenecessaryformicrobial(微生物的)life.NASA,theAmericanspaceagency,saidmoreresearchisneeded.MichaelMeyeristheleadscientistforNASA’sMarsexplorationprogramme.Henotedthatthelateststudydoesnotrejectthepresenceofwater.Butheadmitted,“Itjustmaynotbeasexcitingastheideaofriversgoingdownthesidesofcliffs(懸崖)．”ThenewfindingscomefromateamledbyColinDundasoftheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey.Histeammeasured151oftheselinesin10areas.Mostofthelinesendwithslopesbetween28degreesand35degrees.Thesemeasurementsaresimilartoactivesanddunes(沙丘)onbothMarsandEarth.Asmallcoveringofdustthatmovesandsometimesbecomeslightermighthelpexplainthemarkings.TheyusuallyappearintheMartiansummertime,andthendisappearuntilthenextyear.Iftheselinesaredry,thissuggeststhatrecentMarshasnothadlargevolumesofliquidwater.Dundasandhisresearchteamsaythatmanyquestionsremain.“IstillthinkthatMarshasagreatpotentialforhavinghadlifeearlyoninitshistory，”Meyersaid.“Aslongasthat’strue,wealsohaveareasonablepossibilityoflifestillbeingonMars.Itjusthappenstobecrypticorwellhidden.”NASAcurrentlyhasnoroboticvehicle—eitheronMarsorindevelopment—withtheabilitytoclimbsteepslopes.ThelackofsuchequipmenthasengineerscomingupwithideaslikeMartianhelicoptersorplaneswithoutpilots.語篇導讀本文主要講解并描述了美國科學家的一項新的探討發(fā)覺：火星上黑色的標記是沙子而不是水。4．WhatdoAmericanscientistsfindonMarsnowaccordingtotheirstudy?A．Alotoflittlelife． B．Anamountofwater.C．SomeMartianhills． D．Darkmarkingsaresand.解析D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句可知，科學家發(fā)覺火星上的黑色標記是沙子不是水，故選D項。5．Whendothemarkingscomeout?A．InMartianspring． B．InMartiansummer.C．InMartianautumn． D．InMartianwinter.解析B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句可知，這樣的標記會出現(xiàn)在火星的夏季，故選B項。6．What’sMeyer’sopinionabouthavinglifeonMars?A．Doubtful． B．Trustful.C．Indifferent． D．Objective.解析B觀點看法題。依據(jù)第四段可推知，Meyer還是信任火星上有生命，故選B項。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cryptic”inParagraph4mean?A．Undiscovered． B．Strange.C．Magical． D．Icy.解析A詞義揣測題。依據(jù)句中的orwellhidden可知，cryptic的意思是“隱藏的；沒被發(fā)覺的”，故選A項。Ⅱ七選五課標話題人與社會·跨文化溝通、包涵與合作體裁記敘文詞數(shù)222難度(2024·沈陽適應考)SoccerfansinruralZambiaareabletowatchlive2024WorldCupbroadcastsforthefirsttimethankstoaChinesecompany.ThecompanyhelpedthevillagersgettheirfirsttasteofsatellitetelevisionthroughaprojectthataimstooffertheservicetovillagesinAfrica.__1__Theyoungstersreallytreasuredthischance.ThesatellitetelevisionprojectstartedlastAugustbythecompanyStarTimes.__2__ItwantstohelpAfricancountriesaccelerateagriculturalmodernizationandrealizeindependentandsustainable(可持續(xù)的)development.__3__Accordingtoalocalnewspaper,ruralfarmerswillhaveaccesstomonitoringweatherpatternsandmarketpricesforagriculturalproducts.Localswillbeabletowatchmembersofgovernmentandparliamentduringlivebroadcasts.TheprogramisanexampleofhowChinesecompaniescanmakeprofitsandbesociallyresponsibleatthesametime.__4__ItalsohasitsownchannelsthatbroadcastChinesetelevisionprogramssuchastalentshows,soapoperasthathavebeendubbed(為……配音)intolocallanguages,andotherprogramsthatattempttointroduceChineseculture.ToovercometheproblemofpowershortagesinruralAfrica,StarTimeswillalsoprovidetelevisionsetsthatwillbeoutfittedwithasolarpowersystem.__5__Besidespoliticalandeconomicexchanges,thiskindofpeople-to-peopleinteractionisasignificantpartofChina’seffortstoincreaseitssoftpowerandbuildabetterglobalimage.A．Thecompanynotonlyprovidessatelliteequipmentandservices.B．DoingsowillallowpeopletowatchTVforsixhoursaftersunset.C．IntroducingmorediverseChineseculturetoAfricaisalsooneofitsgoals.D．TheservicehelpsruralAfricanskeepupwithcurrenteventsandnews.E．TheChinesecompanymakesahealthyprofitonthisprojectwhilehelpingthem.F．Thecompanyaimstoprovidedigitaltelevisionsignalsto10,000villagesinAfrica.G．AndprimaryschoolstudentsinZambia’sremoteareascanalsoenjoywatchingtheWorldCup.語篇導讀本文主要講解并描述了一家中國公司幫助非洲一些農(nóng)村開發(fā)衛(wèi)星電視，使得當?shù)厝四軌蚩词澜绫傎惖氖隆?．解析G并列關(guān)系。上文提到了幫助贊比亞當?shù)卮迕袷状螄L試觀看世界杯，下文提到孩子們真的很珍惜這個機會，G項(贊比亞偏遠地區(qū)的小學生也能看到世界杯)符合語境，故選G項。2．解析F順承關(guān)系。由上下文可知，空處與該公司進行此項目的緣由有關(guān)?？蘸笠痪涞腎t指F項中的TheChineseCompany，F(xiàn)項與上下文連接自然，故選F項。3．解析D總分關(guān)系。下文介紹該項目幫助當?shù)卮迕窀蠒r代的步伐，使他們能夠獲知天氣預報和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場價格以及看到現(xiàn)場直播中的政府官員和國會議員，故選D項(該服務(wù)幫助非洲農(nóng)夫獲知實時新聞，與時代同步)。4．解析A順承關(guān)系。上文介紹衛(wèi)星設(shè)施和服務(wù)，下文接著說它還有自己的頻道來介紹中國文化，只有A項(該公司不僅僅供應衛(wèi)星設(shè)備和服務(wù))能恰當?shù)剡B接上下文，故選A項。5．解析B順承關(guān)系。空前講到“為了克服非洲農(nóng)村的電力短缺問題，公司還供應配有太陽能系統(tǒng)的電視機”，B項(這樣做讓當?shù)厝嗽谔柭渖胶筮€能觀看6個小時的電視)緊承上文，故選B項。Ⅲ短文改錯(2024·石家莊二中等聯(lián)考)Myfirststayathomealonewasverymemorable.OnedaywhenIwastwelve,bothmymotherandfatherwereawayonthe①business,andIhadtobealleq\o(with,\s\do11(by))②myselffortwodays.Myparentsleftearlythefirstday,eq\o(∧,\s\do11(and))③Igotupsoonaftertheyleft.ThefirsteveningIwasalittleeq\o(scare,\s\do11(scared))④，soIturnedonallthelights.Iactuallyeq\o(keep,\s\do11(kept))⑤thelightoninmybedroomthewholenight,