SB1U5RevealingnatureAJourneyofDiscovery(Startingout&Understandingideas)Whatdoyouknowabouttheseunusualanimals？KomododragonKomododragons:KomododragonswerefirstencounteredbyWesternresearchers1910.TheresearchersaidtheancestoroftheKomododragonmostlikelyevolvedinAustraliaandspreadwestward,reachingtheIndonesiaislandofFlores900,000yearsago.科莫多巨蜥最早是在1910年被西方研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的。研究人員說，科莫多巨蜥的祖先很可能是在澳大利亞進(jìn)化而來，并向西傳播，在90萬年前到達(dá)印度尼西亞的弗洛雷斯島。Duck-billedplatypusThefistscientiststoexamineapreservedplatypusbodyjudgeditafakeinthelate18thcentury.Theoldestdiscoveredfossilofthemodernplatpusdatesbacktoabout100,000yearsago.18世紀(jì)晚期，第一批查看保存下來的鴨嘴獸尸體的科學(xué)家判定它是贗品。已發(fā)現(xiàn)的最古老的現(xiàn)代鴨嘴獸的化石可以追溯到大約10萬年前。Duck-billedplatypusNautilusFossilrecordsindicatethatthenautilushassurvivedrelativelyunchangedforaround500millionyears.Itisoftenconsidereda“l(fā)ivingfossil”.化石記錄表明，鸚鵡螺在大約5億年的時(shí)間里相對穩(wěn)定地存活了下來。經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是“活化石”。NautilusAsoneoftheoldestseaanimalsintheworld,thenautilushashardlychangedinabout500millionyears,andthatiswhyitisoftengiventhename“l(fā)ivingfossil”.StartingoutActivity1Lookatthepagefromasciencemagazineandanswerthequestions.Whatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Whatmakesthemspecial?Whatothersimilaranimalsdoyouknowabout?Shareyourknowledgewiththeclass.Komododragon:ItevolvedinAustraliaandspreadwestward…Duck-billedplatypus:Theoldestdiscoveredfossilofitdatesbacktoabout100,000yearsago…Nautilus:Itoftenconsidered“l(fā)ivingfossils”…Theyareallspeciesthatexitthousandsofyearsonearth;Theyareoldandrare(unusual).StartingoutActivity2Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.Howcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?Canyouthinkofanotherexampleofseedstravelling?Shareitwiththeclass.Seedsusuallyarecarriedbythewind,water,andanimals.Plantscanhaveabetterchanceatlife.Dandelionseedshavelittleparachutestocatchthewindandgofurther.Humanscanspreadseedsifseedsgetstucktotheirclothingorshoes.2.Whatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?paramecium草履蟲（單細(xì)胞生物）jellyfish水母（腔腸動物）flatworm（扁形動物）earthworm蚯蚓（環(huán)節(jié)動物）snail蝸牛（軟體動物）crab螃蟹（節(jié)肢動物）starfish（棘皮動物）fish（魚類）frog青蛙（兩棲動物）turtle海龜（爬行動物）bird（鳥類）zebra斑馬（哺乳動物）human（人類）algae（藻類）moss（苔蘚）fern(蕨類)gymnosperms（裸子植物）angiosperm（被子植物）horsehairworm（線形動物）LeadinAnevolutionarytreelowerformsoflifehigherformsoflifeevolveevolutionWhatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution?Paramecium,earthworm,snail,crab,fish,tortoise,bird,horse,human,frog...;alga,moss,fern,plant...Theever-changingenvironmentofnature;environmentalchanges;populationimmigration;geneticmutation;culturalpreferences...UnderstandingideasAJourneyofDiscoveryWhomadethisdiscovery?Whatisthediscovery?Howdidhemakethediscovery?CharlesRobertDarwinThetheoryofevolutionTheOriginofSpeciesPre-readingDarwin'sTheoryofEvolutionisoneofthebasicfoundationsofmodernscience.Itshowsthatplantsandanimalscanchangeovertime.Thechangesareusuallysmallanddifficulttodetect,buttheyaddupovermanygenerationsandcanresultinnewspecies.TheBritishbiologist,naturalistandthefounderofTheoryofEvolution.Inhisearlyyears,hesailedaroundtheworldontheBeagleforfiveyears,andobservedandcollectedalotofanimals,plantsandgeologicalstructures.Hepublished

theOriginofSpeciesandputforwardthetheoryofbiologicalevolution.CharlesRobertDarwinFeb12th,1809—Apr19th,1882"TheoryofEvolution"asoneofthethreemajordiscoveriesofnaturalscienceinthe19thcentury(theothertwoarecelltheoryandthelawofconservationandtransformationofenergy),whichhasmadeoutstandingcontributionstomankind.12--5Thetextisorganizedinorderof______.Para.___Para._____Para.6-7timeBeforethejourneyDuringthejourneyPost-readingSummarize&RetellingAfterthejourneyChoosethemainideaofthepassageandgiveyourreasons.Darwin’sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.Darwin’sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.Pre-readingWhile-readingReadforstructureHowhemadethediscovery.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Para.7IntroductionOnhisjourneyGenerateideasLookformoreevidenceDevelopideasProposeatheoryConclusionWhile-readingReadforconsolidation12345samplesoftheplantsandanimalsverysimilartoeachother.cometoexist?Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironmentstherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.hadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularislandhadevolvedfromacommonancestor.arrivedontheislandsalongtimebeforehadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife1.Thecaptainoftheship,the

Beagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.“獵犬號”的船長希望找到一個(gè)“會因?yàn)檫@個(gè)可以游歷鮮為人知的遙遠(yuǎn)國度的機(jī)會而受益”的人。響應(yīng)號召的這個(gè)人并非船長的首選。這是一個(gè)沒有拿到學(xué)位，從醫(yī)學(xué)院輟學(xué)的年輕人。而且，他最近收到了一封他父親的來信，信中預(yù)言他將成為“自己和全家人的恥辱”。即便如此，他在這艘船上的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷將促成有史以來最重要的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。oneof+the+最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)theopportunityof...的機(jī)會2.Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,the

Beagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?我們提到的這個(gè)年輕人——查爾斯·達(dá)爾文——是一位地質(zhì)學(xué)家和博物學(xué)家，他對巖石、植物和動物著迷。1831年，他乘坐“獵犬號”離開英國。這次旅行讓他有機(jī)會研究自然環(huán)境中的各種生物。達(dá)爾文在南美洲度過一段時(shí)間以后，他船上的房間里滿是他收集的動植物樣本。當(dāng)他研究這些時(shí)，他問了自己一個(gè)問題：不同物種是如何產(chǎn)生的？spendsometime(in)doingsth花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事3.Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.那時(shí)，人們認(rèn)為地球上的所有物種都是同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的，并且從此再無變化。但達(dá)爾文開始有了不同的想法。他注意到，一些動物種類彼此間十分相似。也許動物在適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化時(shí)進(jìn)化了？這雖然只是一個(gè)想法，但足以激勵(lì)達(dá)爾文去尋找更多的證據(jù)。begintodosth開始做某事besimilarto對...感到熟悉inspiresbtodosth鼓勵(lì)某人做某事4.Whenthe

Beagle

reachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.5.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.1835年，當(dāng)“獵犬號”抵達(dá)加拉帕戈斯群島時(shí)，達(dá)爾文看到了各種各樣的新物種，但最令他感興趣的是鳥類。達(dá)爾文注意到，每個(gè)島嶼上，雀類都有所不同。它們的喙似乎是根據(jù)所在島嶼上可覓得的食物類型進(jìn)化而來的。達(dá)爾文猜想這些雀鳥是從一個(gè)共同的祖先進(jìn)化而來的，而該祖先很久以前就來到這片群島了。隨著時(shí)間的推移，它慢慢進(jìn)化成了許多新物種。這就是動植物的新物種如何產(chǎn)生的答案：它們從更早期的祖先進(jìn)化而來。6.Itwasacompletelynewidea—atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,

OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.7.Today,

OntheOriginofSpecies

isregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.這是一個(gè)全新的理念——進(jìn)化論。達(dá)爾文在他的《物種起源》一書中解釋了該理論。這本書直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了轟動。許多人拒絕相信包括人在內(nèi)的所有生命都是從更低級的生命形式進(jìn)化而來的。他們感到震驚。但是達(dá)爾文的科學(xué)研究是如此具有說服力，以至于越來越多的人開始相信他的理論。

如今，《物種起源》被認(rèn)為是有史以來最為重要的著作之一。它徹底改變了人們對于地球上生命的看法。而這一切都始于“獵犬號”的探索之旅。sothat如此...以至于refusetodosth拒絕做某事starttodosth開始做某事1.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A．Theyoungman'sfatherwasgoodatpredictingsomething.B．Thecaptainlikedtheyoungmanverymuch.C．Theyoungmanwasn'tthebestmanthatthecaptainwanted.D．Thecaptainreceivedaletterfromtheyoungman'sfather.Ⅰ.Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.2．WhatdroveDarwintolookformoreevidence?A．Theideathatanimalsevolvedwhenadjustingtothechangingenvironments.B．TheideathatallspeciesappearedonEarthatthesametime.C．NewspecieshefoundontheGalápagosIsland