英語考研二級閱讀理解真題

英語考研二級閱讀理解真題1

Text2

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-

generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothavea

parentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsona

rangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgrades

arelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.But

sincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvance

economicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,

collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadesto

recruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated"aparadox,rin

thatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthen

watchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathigher

educationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,

ratherthanclose"achievementgapbasedonsocial

class,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofa

paperforthinginthejournalPsychologicalSciense.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,as

itoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,

suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,

next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentofthe

achievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsas

grades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferent

universities,andtheirfindinsarebasedonastudy

involving147students(whopletedtheproject)atan

unnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwas

definedasnothavingaparentwithafour=year

collegedegreeMostofthefirst-generation

students(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPell

Grants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswith

financialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6

percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwith

afour-yeardegree

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinte

rventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedonthe

viewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemost

lackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledge

abouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemost

collegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveral

authorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbena

rrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudents"struggleto

navigatethemiddle-classcultureofhigher

education,learnthefrulesofthegame,'andtake

advantageofcollegeresources,wtheywriteAndthis

beesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon'ttalkabout

theclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferent

groupsofstudentsBecauseUScollegesand

universitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscan

affectstudents1educationalexperience,manyfirst-

generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyare

strugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents*like

themcanimprove

26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas

[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates

[B]narrowedtheachievementgao

[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose

[D]depressedcollegestudents

27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleare

optimisticbecause

[A]theproblemissolvable

[B]theirapproachiscostless

[qtherecruitingratehasincreased

[D]theirfindingappealtostudents

28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generation

students

[A]studyatprivateuniversities

[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies

[qareinneedoffinancialsupport

[D]havefailedtheircollage

29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-

generationstudents

[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievement

gap

[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonother

students

[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearch

projects

[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesat

college

30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat-

[A]universitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthe

middle-class

[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackof

resources

[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducational

experiences

[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheproblem

inquestion

英語考研二級閱讀理解真題2

Text2

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedout

thatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,you

thinkyou'remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehavea

deep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwe

naturallyemployanumberofself-enhancing

strategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“above

averageeffect”,orwillusorysuperiority”,and

shownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesas

aboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%

atgettingonwellwithothers-allobviously

statisticalimpossibilities.

Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesinto

self-affirmingsituations.Webeedefensivewhen

criticized,andapplynegativestereotypestoothers

toboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinking

we'rehotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholas

Epleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancement

andattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimply

ratetheirbeautypresswithothers,heaskedthemto

identifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselvesfrom

alineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredto

appearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,

readsthestudy,is/anautomaticpsychological

processoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittle

ornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthe

subjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-

whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreally

howtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgender

differenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidence

that,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,the

participantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctored

picturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupfor

profoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthat

theimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewere

realdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowed

othermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.aI

don'tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareany

evidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley."It's

areflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwell

ofthemselves".Ifyouaredepressed,youwon'tbe

self-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley's

study,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographs

ofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon't

evenrecognisethepersoninthepictureas

themselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancers

paradise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemost

flatteringphotos,thecreamoftheir

wit.style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit'snot

thatpeopleJsprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalina

tomaofWiscon一Madisonuniversity,"butthey

portrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,social

psychologisthavefoundthat.

[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobe

people's

[A]rapidwatching

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiveresponse

[D]automaticself-defence

28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-

esteemtendedto

[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities

[B]believeintheirattractiveness

[C]coveruptheirdepressions

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

29.Theword^Viscerallyw(Line2,para.5)is

closestinmeaningto.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively

30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-

enhancer"sparadisebecausepeoplecan.

[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles

[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

英語考研二級閱讀理解真題3

Text2

Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrossthe

Atlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.Alongwith

themanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomein

theUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentionto

stay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2

milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalian

immigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItaly

forgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,

auccellidipassaggio,nbirdsofpassage.

Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.We

dividenemersintotwocategories：legalorillegal,

goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,

orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelong

politicalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon't

needmorecategories,butweneedtochangetheway

wethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyond

strickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,we

canrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoseliving

andthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegin

tosolveourimmigrationchallenges.

Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,

entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesand

physicistsareamongtoday,sbirdsofpassage.They

areenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydriven

bytheflowofwork,moneyandideas,Theypreferto

eandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanage

tohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.

Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,

jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.Weneedthem

toimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewherethey

canbeproductiveforawhilewithoutmitting

themselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeel

thathomecanbebothhereandthereandthatthey

canbelongtotwonationshonorably.

Acmodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwill

requirenewattitudesonbothsidesofthe

immigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewar

logicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddle

groundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigration

todayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutes.

Includingsomethatarenoteasytoacplishlegally

intheexistingsystem,

26"Birdsofpassage99referstothosewho

[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.

[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.

[C]stayinaforegintemporally.

[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas.

27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrent

immigrationstystemintheUS

[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.

[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants,

[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.

[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.

28Accordingtotheauthor,today"sbirdsof

passagewant

[A]fiancialincentives.

[B]aglobalrecognition.

[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.

[D]thefreedomtostayandleave.

29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassage

todayshouldbetreated一

[A]asfaithfulpartners.

[B]witheconomicfavors*

[C]withregaltolerance.

[D]asmightyrivals.

30選出最適合文章的標題

[A]eandgo：bigmistake.

[B]livingandthriving：greatrisk.

[C]withorwithout：greatrisk.

[D]legalorillegal：bigmistake.

英語考研二級閱讀理解真題4

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankof

AmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisingly

straightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitinthe

usualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhe

wasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningapany.”

Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmy

decision,“McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewas

talkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartford

FinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOand

chairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedup

gavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofpanyhe

wantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetothe

outsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn't

alone.InrecentweekstheNo,2executivesatAvon

andAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthat

theywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboards

scrutinizesuccessionplansinresponseto

shareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthe

nodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusiness

environmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousof

lettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotake

hold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethe

jumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEO

turnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervous

boardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingto

LiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,

opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookfor

abetteroneisunconventional.Foryearsexecutives

andheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthe

mostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomust

bepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennis

Carey："Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedone

whereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookat

sittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talways

landedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitas

chiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewanted

tobeaCEO.Itwasayearbeforeshebecameheadof

atinyInternet-basedmoditiesexchange.Robert

WillumstadleftCitigroupin20XXwithambitionsto

beaCEO,Hefinallytookthatpostatamajor

financial