話題23對社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人

Ⅰ.閱讀理解

TodayChinaistheworld’sbiggestconsumerofwheat.Butitwasn’talwaysthat

way.

WheatonlycametotheareanowknownasnorthernChinatowardtheendofthe

Neolithic(新石器)period，some4，600yearsago.Initially，wheatdidn’tseemtobeso

deliciousandhadbeentreatedasacropofdesperationratherthanacooking

delight.ThefirstfarmersofnorthernChinaprimarilygrewmillet(粟)，startingasearly

as11，500yearsago.BythetimeoftheTangDynasty，wheathadreplacedmillet，

becomingamajorcrop.Butrelativelylittlewasknownaboutexactlywhythisshift

occurred.

Inanattempttotracktheanswer，Iaccumulatedacollectionofnearly1，200data

pointscoveringmorethan50sitesfromthemid－Neolithic，about9，000yearsago，

tothecollapseoftheEasternHanDynastyin220AD.Thesiteswereacross8modern

provinces，rangingfromGansuProvinceinthenorthwesttoShandongProvinceinthe

east.

Onepossibleexplanationisamajorclimateshift，calledtheHoloceneEvent3，

whichhappened4，000to4，500yearsago.Atthattime，theclimatebecamecolderand

drieracrosscontinents，causingdamagetocropproduction.

Ontopofthis，thelateNeolithicperiodwasalsoatimeofrapidpopulation

growtharoundtheworld.Withanever－increasingpopulationandunsteadycrop

production，itisreasonabletoassumethatNeolithicfarmersinnorthernChinawere

struggling.

Wheat，itturnsout，actuallyneedsmorewaterthanmillet，makingitseemapoor

choiceforadryperiodofhistory.Butimportantly，itcanbesowedaftermillethasbeen

harvested.That，wethink，isthemostlikelyreasonwhythepeopleacrossnorthern

Chinastartedtogrowwheat.

Frommoreextremeweathertochangingcoastlines，climatechangehasalways

broughtunexpectedandsometimesdramaticchangestosocieties.Inthisinstance，the

consequenceoftheHoloceneEvent3innorthernChinaproved，eventually，delicious.

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要說明了小麥開始作為農(nóng)作物的歷史以及

小麥成為主要農(nóng)作物這種轉(zhuǎn)變的原因。

1.Whatcanwelearnaboutwheatfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Itreplacedmilletforitsgreattaste.

B.Itwasapoorchoiceatthebeginning.

C.Itoutnumberedmillet4，600yearsago.

D.ItwastheearliestcropgrowninChina.

答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Initially，wheatdidn’tseemtobeso

deliciousandhadbeentreatedasacropofdesperationratherthanacookingdelight.”

可知，小麥一開始是一個(gè)糟糕的選擇。]

2.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3show?

A.Theauthorfoundtheexactanswer.

B.Theauthordidworldwideresearch.

C.Theauthortooktheresearchseriously.

D.Theauthorwasgoodatcollectingdata.

答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，第三段中的數(shù)字說明了作者認(rèn)真對待

這項(xiàng)研究。]

3.WhatwasprobablythemainreasonfornorthernersinChinatogrowwheat?

A.Thewatersupplywasenoughthen.

B.Theharvestofmilletwasnotsatisfying.

C.Itadjustedtotheweatherconditionsbetter.

D.Ithadanalternativesowingseasonwithmillet.

答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Butimportantly，itcanbesowed

after...acrossnorthernChinastartedtogrowwheat.”可知，中國北方人種植小麥的主

要原因是它有一個(gè)可選擇的播種季節(jié)。]

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowwasmilletintroducedtoChina?

B.WhydidChinesefarmersswitchtowheat?

C.WhydidChinabecomethebiggestwheatconsumer?

D.HowwasChina’swheatgrowthaffectedbyclimatechange?

答案B[標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段“TodayChinaistheworld’sbiggestconsumer

ofwheat.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.”以及第二段中的“Butrelativelylittlewas

knownaboutexactlywhythisshiftoccurred.”可知，文章介紹了小麥開始作為農(nóng)作物

的歷史以及小麥成為主要農(nóng)作物這種轉(zhuǎn)變的原因。故B選項(xiàng)“為什么中國農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)

向種植小麥？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。]

HereinthemiddleofLondon，somethingextraordinaryisgoingon.Youcanhear

aloudandunmistakablesoundofbeesdoingwhattheydobest：makinghoney.

What’smore，they’reperformingtheirmagic，notintheleafyacresofnearbypark，

butuponthebalconyofStErmin’sHotel.Whereasmosturbanresidenceswoulddo

theirbesttokeepsting－bearinginsectsasfarawayfromguestsaspossible，thishotel

opensitsdoorstothecapital’sbees.Thepersonwhotendsthis“BeeHotel”isCamilla

Goddard.“Inthelongrun，beesareamazingcreaturestoworkwith.Youcan’thelp

admiringthewaytheyoperate.Theyreallydoputthegoodofthecommunityfirst，”

shesays.

Aswellasprovidinganenjoyablepastime，modernbeekeepingisbecoming

increasinglycritical.AccordingtotheBritishBeekeepersAssociation(BBKA)，70

differentUKcropsdependonbeesforpollination(授粉).Withoutbeestoprovide

pollination，one－thirdofallourfoodwouldn’tsurvive.DuringtheSecondWorldWar，

WinstonChurchillwasafirmsupporterofbeesandmadesuretheygotextrasupplies

tocarryonwiththeirpollinationwork，evenastheGermanarmydroppedtheirbombs.

“Beesareindangerofdisappearingfromourenvironment，”warnsTimLovett

oftheBBKA.Today，beenumbersaredownby50percent.Usingmoreandmoreland，

agriculturalindustryreducesspotswherebeescanlive.Crop－protectingpesticides

havealsoledtohighdeathrateofbees.AnotherblowwasanAsianspeciesthatfirst

arrivedinDevonandthenspreadacrossthecountry.Itsettledonthebeesandnotonly

weakenedtheirimmunesystembutcausedtheirwingstodeform(變畸形)sothat

flyingbecameimpossible.

Anxiousaboutthedeclineofbeekeeping，theBBKAhasproducedaschool

informationpackentitled“BeesintheCurriculum”.Oncethechildrenhavebeen

aroundbeesforawhile，theyunderstandtheservicethatbeesprovideforus，rather

thanseeingthemasthesourceofstings.

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章通過倫敦一家養(yǎng)蜜蜂的酒店，指出蜜蜂授粉

的重要性，以及現(xiàn)在棲息地的破壞和蜜蜂數(shù)量減少的問題，旨在呼吁保護(hù)蜜蜂。

5.WhatdoweknowaboutCamillaGoddard?

A.Shehasnevergotbeestingsherself.

B.Shetriestomakeherguestsbee－free.

C.Sheadmiresthewayinwhichbeeslive.

D.SheownsabeehotelinaLondonsuburb.

答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inthelongrun，beesareamazing

creatures...putthegoodofthecommunityfirst”可知，CamillaGoddard很欽佩蜜蜂

生活的方式。]

6.WhyisWinstonChurchillmentionedinparagraph3?

A.Tocriticizethecrueltyofwar.

B.Tochangetheroleofbeesinthewar.

C.Tohighlightthevalueofbeepollination.

D.Toawakentheconsciousnessofsavingcrops.

答案C[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“DuringtheSecondWorldWar...even

astheGermanarmydroppedtheirbombs.”可以看出，丘吉爾很看重蜜蜂授粉，是因

為蜜蜂授粉價(jià)值重大，因此這強(qiáng)調(diào)了蜜蜂授粉的價(jià)值。]

7.Whichisadirectcauseofthereductionofbeehabitats?

A.Modernagriculture.B.Foreignspeciesinvasion.

C.Huntingfromhumans.D.Crop－protectingpesticides.

答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句可知，蜜蜂棲息地減少的直接原

因是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。]

8.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Thenumberofbeesisdecreasingsharply

B.Modernbeekeepingisensuringourfuture

C.BeeHotelischangingbees’fateintheUK

D.Childrenareeducatedaboutthevalueofbees

答案C[標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段描述的場景是BeeHotel里蜜蜂的活動(dòng)，本文通

過這個(gè)場景，介紹了蜂蜜的重要性，以及該酒店的行為改變了人們對蜜蜂的看法，

不再僅僅是蜇人的源頭，因此，BeeHotelischangingbees’fateintheUK符合題

意。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

ItwasjustthreedaysfromThanksgiving，andmyhusband，Gerald，andIwereon

ourfirsttouracrosstheCanadianprairies.1，Iknewwewouldbeawayfor

Thanksgiving，buttherealityofitdidn’treally2onmebeforewehitthe

road.Now，wehadtospendThanksgivingwithstrangers.

We3infrontofasmall，lakesidehouse，mildly4.Woulditbeokayto

disturbothersonthisprivatecelebration？Aswe5intoBettyandGary’shome，

wewereimmediatelymetwith6.Thewoodstovetookeverybitofchilloutof

theair，andthesmelloffood7uslikeasoftblanket.Wegatheredaroundthe

table.Ouranxiety8awayasweweredrawnintothiscircleoffriendship.We

toldstories，sharedlaughs，andasthedaycalledusto，gave9.

WethoughtweweregoingtospendThanksgivingwithstrangers，butwereally

didn’t.Something10happenswhengoodfoodis11sharedaroundanopen

table.Conversationsbegin.12startstoflow.Divisionsdisappear.Relationshipsare

13.Throughthesimpleactofsharingamealtogether，wediscoverwe’re14

byourdesiretolove，ourneedfor15，andourcommonhumanity.Whataperfect

waytocelebrateThanksgiving!

【語篇解讀】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了在感恩節(jié)前三天，作者和丈夫穿

越加拿大草原，受到了陌生人的熱情款待。作者從中感悟到：通過一起吃飯這個(gè)

簡單的行為，我們對愛的渴望，我們對理解的需要，以及我們共同的人性將我們

聯(lián)系在一起。

1.A.BasicallyB.Generally

C.HonestlyD.Secretly

答案C[A.Basically基本上；B.Generally通常；C.Honestly老實(shí)說；D.Secretly

秘密地。由下文“IknewwewouldbeawayforThanksgiving，buttherealityofit

didn’treallyonmebeforewehittheroad.”可知，作者承認(rèn)自己知道不

在家過感恩節(jié)，但是在出發(fā)前沒有意識到這個(gè)問題會(huì)是什么樣，即此處指老實(shí)說。]

2.A.dawnB.call

C.reflectD.strike

答案A[A.dawn變得明朗，開始清楚；B.call打電話；C.reflect深思；D.strike

打擊。由下文“onmebeforewehittheroad”可知，此處指作者沒有意識到這個(gè)事實(shí)

——即將要和陌生人過感恩節(jié)，dawnonsb固定搭配，意為“某人逐漸明白；逐

漸意識到”。]

3.A.droppedbyB.headedoff

C.pulledupD.setout

答案C[A.droppedby順便拜訪；B.headedoff阻止；C.pulledup停車；D.setout

出發(fā)。由上文“myhusband，Gerald，andIwereonourfirsttouracrosstheCanadian

prairies”和下文“intoBettyandGary’shome”可推知，作者和丈夫應(yīng)該是開車

去的。由此可知，此處指將車停在一座湖邊的小房子前，然后走進(jìn)一家陌生的房

子。]

4.A.anxiousB.annoyed

C.gratefulD.scared

答案A[A.anxious焦慮的；B.annoyed生氣的；C.grateful感恩的；D.scared害

怕的。由下文“Woulditbeokaytodisturbothersonthisprivatecelebration？”和下

文“Ouranxiety”可知，作者和丈夫感覺會(huì)打擾到別人，所以有些焦慮。]

5.A.brokeB.ran

C.steppedD.wandered

答案C[A.broke打破；B.ran跑步；C.stepped邁步；D.wandered漫游。由下文

“intoBettyandGary’shome，wewereimmediatelymet”可知，作者和丈夫邁步進(jìn)

入貝蒂和加里的家。]

6.A.friendsB.care

C.foodD.warmth

答案D[A.friends朋友；B.care關(guān)心；C.food食物；D.warmth熱情。由下文“We

gatheredaroundthetable”和“Wetoldstories，sharedlaughs，andasthedaycalledus

to”可知，作者和丈夫受到了熱情款待。]

7.A.comfortedB.enveloped

C.floodedD.welcomed

答案B[A.comforted安慰；B.enveloped覆蓋；C.flooded淹沒；D.welcomed歡

迎。由下文“l(fā)ikeasoftblanket”可知，此處指像毯子一樣覆蓋在身上。]

8.A.meltedB.passed

C.ranD.threw

答案A[A.melted消失；B.passed通過；C.ran跑步；D.threw扔。由下文“aswe

weredrawnintothiscircleoffriendship”可知，作者和丈夫融進(jìn)這個(gè)友誼的圈子，所

以感覺焦慮都消失了，meltaway是固定搭配，意為“消失”。]

9.A.giftsB.hugs

C.moneyD.thanks

答案D[A.gifts禮物；B.hugs擁抱；C.money錢；D.thanks感謝。根據(jù)上文可

知，作者和丈夫受到貝蒂和加里夫婦的熱情款待，所以對他們表示感謝。]

10.A.mixedB.special

C.relaxingD.typical

答案B[A.mixed混合的；B.special特別的；C.relaxing令人放松的；D.typical

典型的。由下文“Divisionsdisappear.Relationshipsare.”并結(jié)合上文提

到的作者和陌生一家在一起過感恩節(jié)，剛開始感到焦慮，隨后和陌生一家關(guān)系很

好可知，作者認(rèn)為這是很特別的事。]

11.A.generouslyB.patiently

C.casuallyD.cautiously

答案A[A.generously慷慨地；B.patiently耐心地；C.casually隨意地；D.cautiously

謹(jǐn)慎地。由下文“sharedaroundanopentable”和上文提到貝蒂和加里夫婦熱情款待

作者和丈夫可知，此處指好吃的食物在餐桌上慷慨地被分享。]

12.A.BeliefB.Laughter

C.MusicD.Noise

答案B[A.Belief信念；B.Laughter笑聲；C.Music音樂；D.Noise噪聲。由上

文“sharedlaughs”可知，此處指笑聲開始流淌。]

13.A.bornB.exposed

C.fixedD.split

答案A[A.born產(chǎn)生；B.exposed暴露；C.fixed固定；D.split分裂。由上文

“Divisionsdisappear.”可知，分歧消失，所以感情產(chǎn)生。]

14.A.attachedB.encouraged

C.connectedD.touched

答案C[A.attached系；B.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；C.connected連接；D.touched觸摸。

由下文“byourdesiretolove”和上文提到作者和丈夫在陌生人家中愉快地度過感

恩節(jié)可知，此處指我們對愛的渴望將我們聯(lián)系在一起。]

15.A.courageB.sympathy

C.freedomD.understanding

答案D[A.courage勇氣；B.sympathy同情；C.freedom自由；D.understanding

理解。由上文“Divisionsdisappear.”和上文提到的作者和丈夫受到陌生人的熱情款

待可知，對愛的渴望，對理解的需要，以及共同的人性將作者和丈夫與貝蒂和加

里夫婦聯(lián)系在一起。]

Ⅲ.語法填空

(2024·河北省滄州市高三一模)

Withitslandscapeofplateaus(高原)boundbymountains，ShanxiProvincein

NorthChinaisregardedasbeingassociatedwithfieldsofwheatandiconicwheat

products.Daoxiaonoodlesisoneofthemostpopular1.(dish)

there.Thisdish2.(date)backtoChina’sYuanDynasty(1271—1368)，

sothistypeofwell－receivednoodleshasalonghistory.

3.(make)Daoxiaonoodles，holdthedough(面團(tuán))withonehand，

andontheotherhand，usingasharpknifethat’s4.(specific)made，slicethe

noodlesintoapotofboilingwater.According5.thelocals，someofthe

mostskilledchefscansliceupto200piecesofnoodlesaminute.Atrestaurants，

customersoftenwatchinamazementas6.(talent)chefsperforma

dancewhilemakinglamian，whichmeanspullednoodles.Thechefs