新概念第一冊(cè)部分語法1.問句：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句1）一般疑問句：助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?2）特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句Whatisyourname?3）選擇疑問句：orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?4）反意疑問句：肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?5）否定疑問句：一般疑問句+否定詞Aren’tyoulucky?Don’tyouwanthavearest?2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have,has+過去分詞2）用法：①表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just,usually,already,since等時(shí)間副詞連用Ihavejusthadlunch.（飽了，不用再吃了）Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不能再度假了）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）②詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?///HaveyoubeentoBeijing?///Haveheseenthefilm?③表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.///Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.④表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過…地方，做過…事情，經(jīng)歷過…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.///Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.///IhaveeverbeentoParis.注：Havebeento表示去過，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.（人已經(jīng)回來）//////HehasgonetoLondon.（人還在那里）⑤表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用Ihavelostmypen.///Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.///Shehasbrokenmyheart.3）句型變化：★變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑問句：Whathaveyoudone?///Whathashedone?一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)3.過去完成時(shí)：1）用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。2）結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。3）句型變化：①變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首：Hadshefinishedherhomework?②變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not：Shehadn’tfinishedherhomework.③肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.④特殊疑問句：Whathadshedone?4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（能夠），must（必須），may（可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.★變疑問句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?★變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.★特殊疑問句：Whatcanyoudo?注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。2）Must/haveto的區(qū)別must表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，haveto是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3）must,may,might表示猜測(cè)：·mustdo表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)·musthavedone表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)·musthavebeendoing表示對(duì)過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)·may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。5·can’t/couldn’t表示不可能練習(xí)題現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)一、按要求改變句型1.

Hehasheardthatbefore.(改為否定句)

(A)Howlong(B)Howsoon(C)Howfar(D)Howoften()18.Howlong___he___thelibrarybook.(A)has,borrow(B)has,kept(C)has,bought(D)did,buy()19.Herfatherin1990andherhusbandformorethanfiveyears(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied()20.Ihavethisnicewatchfortwoyears(A)had(B)bought(C)borrowed(D)lend()21.Hehishomefortenyears（A）hasleft(B)leftfrom(C)hasbeenawayfrom(D)wasawayfrom()22.Healeaguememberforthreeyears(A)is(B)hasbeen(C)hasbecome(D)havebecome()23.Lihua'sbrotherhasfortwoyear(A)joinedthearmy(B)beenanarmy(C)becomeasoldier(D)beeninthearmy()24.Hehasn'tQuanzhoueversinceheleftschool(A)left(B)beenaway(C)been(D)away()25.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Yes,Iitlastnight(A)finish(B)finished(C)havefinished(D)willfinish()26.——youevertoNanjing——Yes,Itherelastyear.(A)Have…gone,havegone(B)Have…been,went(C)Did…go,went（D)Did…go,has,been()27.——WhenyouLucyinNewYork?——Iherefortwoyears(A)did…meet,have'tseen(B)did…meet,haven'tseen(C)did…meet,don'tsee(D)would…meet,hadn'tseen過去完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.Ahadcooked

B.cooked

C.havecooked

D.wascooked2.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseen

B.saw

C.willsee

D.hadseen3.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,from

B.hadhidden,from

C.hashidden,with

D.hadhidden,with4.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.

hascompleteduniversity

B.hascompletedtheuniversityB.

hadcompletedanuniversity

D.hadcompleteduniversity5.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,piano

B.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepiano

D.learns,piano.6.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworked

B.works

C.hadworked

D.willwork7.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.A.hascompleted

B.completed

C.willcomplete

D.hadcompleted8.Bythetimehewas4,

he______alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearned

B.haslearned

C.learned

D.learns9.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleaned

B.hadcleaned

C.wascleaned

D.havebeencleaned10.Mymother______inthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworked

B.hasworked

C.worked

D.wor