專題16句子還原六選四之說明文（上）

目錄

題型綜述.........................................................................2

解題攻略........................................................................3

題型01主旨概括句題............................................................3

題型02過渡銜接句題.............................................................5

題型03細節(jié)支撐句題.............................................................7

題型04結(jié)論概括句題...........................................

高考練場.......................................................

01題型綜述

?題型簡介

上海高考英語閱讀句子還原六選四說明文，主要向讀者介紹知識,說明事物原理，解釋操作流程或闡釋社會文化現(xiàn)象等。

文本條理清晰，常運用小標題，邏輯連接詞來組織行文,讓復雜內(nèi)容層次分明，方便讀者理解。這類題型要求考生從六個備

選項中選出四個合適的句子，填補文章空缺處，使文意連貫，邏輯順暢，綜合考查閱讀理解，語篇分析及上下文銜接能力。

?命題類型

>主旨概括句：常位于段落開頭，用來點明段落核心主題，起引領(lǐng)全段內(nèi)容的作用，如選段圍繞某種環(huán)保新技術(shù)展開，此

空句子會概括該技術(shù)的總體特性。

>過渡銜接句：銜接上下文，既總結(jié)上文要點，又引出下文話題，讓行文過渡自然,毫無突兀感。比如前文講傳統(tǒng)教育模

式，后文談線上教育革新,中間過渡句就需關(guān)聯(lián)二者。

>細節(jié)支撐句：為前文提出的論點，概念提供具體例子，數(shù)據(jù)，解釋說明,充實文章內(nèi)容，讓抽象觀點變得具體可感，像提到

健康飲食好處后,緊跟列舉具體有益的食材。

>結(jié)論概括句：考查對文章結(jié)論的概括能力，選項需要能夠總結(jié)文章的主要觀點。

?解題思路

?通讀全文，把握大意：快速瀏覽文章標題,首尾段以及各段首句，明晰文章大致主題，明確是介紹科技產(chǎn)品，文化習俗,

還是科普自然現(xiàn)象等，構(gòu)建宏觀框架認知。

?看設(shè)空位置，預(yù)判功能：如果空缺在段首，大概率是主旨句，要找能總領(lǐng)全段的選項,在段中，多為過渡或細節(jié)支撐句,

需聯(lián)系前后文語義關(guān)聯(lián)，處于段尾,可能是總結(jié)句，或是引出下段話題的過渡語。

?圈畫關(guān)鍵詞，找呼應(yīng)：在設(shè)空處上下文中圈出名詞，動詞，形容詞等實詞，以及邏輯連接詞。比對選項，找出含相同，相近

關(guān)鍵詞，或是存在因果，轉(zhuǎn)折，并列等邏輯呼應(yīng)的句子。例如,上文有“but”表轉(zhuǎn)折，選項也應(yīng)有轉(zhuǎn)折語義相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

?利用邏輯線索:關(guān)注文中“firstly”“secondly”“moreover”“however”"therefore”這類邏輯詞,它們能清晰展示行文順序,

語義遞進,轉(zhuǎn)折對比,因果推導關(guān)系，順著邏輯鏈條篩選適配選項。

?代入檢查：把選定的選項依次代入原文空缺處，通讀全文，核查上下文銜接是否流暢，語義是否連貫,語法有無錯誤，若

讀起來拗口，語義斷裂，需重新斟酌選項。

02解題攻略

題型01主旨概括句題

提分秘籍

圖后弱

?關(guān)注段首或段尾:主旨概括句通常出現(xiàn)在段首或段尾，段首概括句要根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容推斷，查找同義

詞或相關(guān)詞,段尾概括句則要總結(jié)上文。

?利用關(guān)鍵詞和重復信息：快速瀏覽選項和文章，找出關(guān)鍵詞和重復信息，這些往往是概括主題的

線索。

?排除干擾項：I干擾項可能過于寬泛，以偏概全或偏離主題，通過對比排除這些選項。

典例豈也

（2025年閔行一模）

A.Couldapillmakesocialsituationsfeellessthreatening?

B.Socialconnectionsarealsoessentialforahealthylifestyle.

C.It'slikedrivinginthewinterwhenyoucan'tseeclearly.

D.Isthereastrongconnectionbetweenmemoryenhancementandstressreduction?

E.Atthesametime,itcanalsomakethemdefensivewhenjudgingothers.

F.Unfortunately,thefearwillappearrepeatedlyandinfluenceyourperceptionofthings.

CanaPillFightLoneliness?

48That'sthefocusofaclinicalexperimentthatCacioppoisoverseeing.Forayearandahalf,96lonelybuthealthy

subjectshavebeentakingacertainamountofpregnenolone,achemicalsubstanceassociatedwithmemoryenhancementand

stressreduction.

Thegoaloftheresearchistoseehowbalancingpregnenolonelevelsaffectsthesubjects.Thepillcouldhelpreducethe

fearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdrawandactmorecalmlyinsocialsituations.49Theideaisthatapillcouldclearyour

view,helpingyouseethingsclearlyinsteadoffeelingafraidofeveryone.Thenyoubecomemorewillingtolistentoothers.

（2025年虹口一模）

TheBenefitsofTalkingtoYourDog

Furthersupportforthisphenomenoncomesfroma2022study.Itwasfoundthatbyengaginginmicro-breakstopettheir

pup,thepeopleareabletorelaxandrecover-inwaysthatinteractingwithunfurryfamilymembersdoesn't.

50"Theycansensewhenwe'reupset-andtheyarearguablybetteratreadingusthansomepeopleare,^^says

Kogan.And"becauseweknowthatourdogsreadussowell,weregulateourselvessoasnottoupsetourdogs,whichishelpful

forusaswell.^^Ifsapositivefeedback/。4（反饋回路）.

A.Adogwon'ttrytofixtheproblemthewaysomepeopledo.

B.Dogsarenotjustpetsbutbelovedmembersofafamily.

C.Dogsarefantasticatreadingus.

D.Readingandunderstandingtheneedsofpetshelpsimproveouroverallemotionalwell-being.

E.Talkingtoyourdogaboutemotionallyfrustratingissuescanbeparticularlybeneficial.

F.They'remorelikelytodistractyou.

題型02過渡銜接句題

圖國國國

?瞻前顧后找啟示：閱讀設(shè)空處前后句，尋找提示詞，短語或句子，結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容，看所選答案是否

能將兩部分內(nèi)容銜接起來。

?利用過渡銜接詞語：注意選項中出現(xiàn)的過渡銜接詞語，如表示并列，遞進，轉(zhuǎn)折，因果等關(guān)系的詞語,

根據(jù)這些詞語確定過渡句表示的邏輯關(guān)系。

?理清邏輯關(guān)系：明確選項與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如順逆關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系，解釋關(guān)系,例證關(guān)系等,

確保過渡自然。

典例豈也

（2025年浦東新區(qū)一模）

A.Threedayslater,theysawaninterestingchainofevents.

B.Andheselectivelytreatedhiswoundandnotanyotherbodyparts.

C.Rakusmayhaveobservedhismotherdemonstratinghowtotreatwounds.

D.Laumerandcolleaguesdonotknowhoworwherethisbehaviororiginated.

E.Thefindingsmayprovideinsightsintotheevolutionofthisbehavioramonghumans.

F.Ifsthefirstreportofsuspectedwoundtreatmentbyawildanimalusingaplantwithknown

medicinalproperties.

Orangutantreatshiswoundwithamedicinalplant

Self-medicationhasbeendocumentedinmultiplewildpri機成e（靈長類）species,butnotapplyingthemtorecentwounds.

Thereisonlyoneotherstudyofactivewoundtreatmentbygreatapes.Severalyearsago,researchersreportedonepopulation

ofchimpanzeesinGabon,appliedflyinginsectstotheirownwounds.However,theresearcherscouldnotidentifytheinsectsor

makeanyconclusionsabouttheeffectivenessofthetreatment.

（50）Perhapsheaccidentallytouchedawoundwhilefeedingonaplantandexperiencedits

（鎮(zhèn)痛的）effects,causinghimtorepeatthebehavior.ItisalsopossiblethatRakuspreviouslylearnedthebehavior

fromotherorangutans,sinceyoungorangutansrelyonsociallearningtoacquiretheskillsnecessaryforadultlife.

（2025年普陀區(qū)一模）

A.However,itisnotacomparisonthatthe11-year-oldisparticularlykeenon.

B.Interestingly,itwasoftenduringunexpectedmomentsthatabeautifulmelodysuddenlycametoher.

C.Deutschefsmostambitiousworkhasenabledtheaudiencetoseehertalent.

D.Insteadoftheglassslipperofthefairytale,theprincelooksforalostmelodyhecannotquiteremember.

E.TheworkreinventedtheCinderellafairytaletobesetinanoperahouseruledbyameanstepmother.F.She

nevergotnervousonstage,asshewasjusthappythatpeoplewantedtolistentohermusic.

LittleMissMozart

An11-year-oldBritishcomposerearnedcomparisonswithMozartafterheroperaopenedinViennatoenthusiasticapplause.

AlmaDeutscher,wholivedinSurreywithherparents,wasalreadyworld-famousasaviolinistandpianistbeforeherfirst

full-lengthoperamadeitsfirstperformanceontheAustrianstage.

47CinderellawasacomposerwhomDeutscherdescribedas"abitlikeme".Deutschersaidmuchofthe

musicalinspirationbehindCinderellaandothercompositionscamewhenhermindwaselsewhere.Duringaninterviewwith

NBC'sTodayshow,sheexplainedthattryingtocreatebeautifulmelodiesondemandoftenresultedinablankmind.

48______

題型03細節(jié)支撐句題

提分秘籍

O國困

?分析段落內(nèi)部邏輯：細節(jié)支撐句通常出現(xiàn)在段落內(nèi)部，要根據(jù)段落主題句和前后句的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案。

?關(guān)注邏輯關(guān)系標志詞：注意設(shè)空處前后句中的邏輯關(guān)系標志詞，如條件，原因，讓步，遞進，對比，列舉，結(jié)果等，根據(jù)

這些詞提示的邏輯關(guān)系選擇合適的細節(jié)支撐句。

?尋找相關(guān)信息詞：選項中尋找與設(shè)空處前后句相關(guān)的詞匯或信息確保細節(jié)支撐句與上下文內(nèi)容緊密相連。

典例剖析

（2025年青浦一模）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Thatsomethingcouldbeashrinkingofthegreen.

B.Severalenvironmentalfactorscouldexplainthespreadoffatness.

C.Heemphasizesthatfurtheractionisneededtoprovetheassociationbetweengreenspaceaccessandchildhood

fatness.

D.InSeptembertheU.S.approvedtheNoChildLeftInsideActtoencouragepublicinitiativesaimedatexposing

kidstotheoutdoors.

E.Suchfindingstellapowerfulstory.

F.Initspurestsense,agreenneighborhoodsimplymeansmoreplacesforkidstoplay,whichiscloselyrelatedto

children'sactivitylevels.

UrbanGreenSpacesandTheirImpactonChildren'sHealth

Exposuretograssyareashasalsobeenlinkedtolessstressandalowerbodymassindex（指數(shù)）amongadults.Andan

analysisof3,000Tokyoresidentsassociatedwalkablegreenspaceswithgreaterlongevityamongseniorcitizens.

Glasscautionsthatmoststudiesdon'tnecessarilyproveacausallinkbetweengreennessandhealth,butthey're

nonethelesshelpingurgeaction.50

So,ifyouliveinasuburboracitywithgoodparks,takeadvantageofwhafsthere.Yourchildreninparticular

（2025年長寧一模）

Machineidentifiessongsfrompeople'sbrainwaves

Artificialintelligencehaslearnedtoidentifythesongssomeoneislisteningtofromtheirbrainreadings.

DerekLomasatDelftUniversityofTechnologyintheNetherlandsandhiscolleaguesasked20peopletolistento12songs

throughheadphones.47Eachperson'sbrainwaveswererecordedusinganEEG（腦電圖）capthatdetectselectrical

activity.

TheEEGreadingsfromeachpersonwerecutintoshortpiecesandusedalongwiththematchingmusiccliptotrainanAIto

spotpatternsbetweenthetwo.48ButthesoftwarestrugglesifitistrainedonEEGdatafromonepersonandthen

attemptstoidentifyasongwhensomeoneelselistenstoit.Accuracyinsuchtestsfelltolessthanoneineverytenattempts.

A.Lomashopesthatthiswillfurtherourunderstandingofthebrain,aswellasboostknowledgeofhowandwhy

humansconsumemusic.

B.TheAIwasthentestedonunseenportionsofthedata,identifyingsongswithaprecisionof85percent.

C.TheexperimentwasconductedtodetermineifAIcouldreplacehumanmusicians.

D.ThissuggeststhattheAFsabilitytoidentifysongshighlydependsontheindividual'sbrainactivity.

E.Thevolunteersdidthisblindfoldedandinafaintlylitroomtominimisetheeffectoftheirothersensesonthe

results.

F.Theresearchersbelievethatthisisduetoeachperson'spreferencetowardsasongbeingunique.

（2025年徐匯一模）

Thepowerofplacebo（安慰劑）

Haveyouevertakenapillforaheadacheandfeltinstantreliefeventhoughthere?snowaythemedicinecouldhavetaken

effectsoquickly?Ifso,you'vepersonallyexperiencedamedicalphenomenonknownastheplaceboeffect.47____Inthe

abovesituationregardingyourheadache,theactiveingredient（成分）couldn'thavebeenresponsibleforyourreducedpain.So

whydidthesymptomsimprove?

Scientistsdon'tcompletelyunderstandthemechanismsbehindtheeffect,buttheyhavedeterminedthatanindividuaFs

conditioningandexpectationslikelyplayamajorrole.Withyourheadache,forexample,youexpectedthepainkillertowork

becausepillshaverelievedyourheadachesinthepast.48____Infact,thelattermeansaplacebocanstillworkevenwhen

someoneknowsit'snotrealmedicine!Otherfactorsthatcaninfluencehowwellatreatmentworksincludebeingtoldit's

effectivebyadoctor,yourdoctor'sbodylanguageortoneofvoice,andtheknowledgethatyou'retakingactiontosolvethe

problem.

A.Unfortunately,ourexpectationscanalsoworkagainstus.

B.Believeitornot,therearelimitstoeventhestrongestplaceboeffect.

C.Thiseffectoccurswhenapatientisgivenatreatmentthatisabletoimprovetheirsymptomseventhoughitlacks

anactiveingredient.

D.Additionally,youprobablyassociatepillsingeneralwithrecoveringfromillness.

E.Ifwecanlearntomakeuseofthepowerofpositivethinking,perhapsonedaywecanevenmovebeyondusing

traditionaldrugstotreatminorsymptoms!

F.Andinroutinemedicalpractice,placebosarerarelyusedonpurpose.

題型04結(jié)論概括句

回國圖困

?注意總結(jié)性信號詞：結(jié)論概括句常含有總結(jié)性的信號詞，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,in

short,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等。

?總結(jié)上文內(nèi)容：根據(jù)上文的論述內(nèi)容，選擇能夠總結(jié)或概括上文觀點,信息的選項。

?與主題句呼應(yīng)：結(jié)論概括句要與文章或段落的主題句相呼應(yīng)，確保文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整，邏輯清晰。

典例同也

（2025年松江一模）

ProtectingWetlands

WetlandsareamongthemosteffectiveecosystemsonEarth,providingahabitatforawidevarietyofplantandanimal

speciesandthereforeplayacrucialroleinmaintainingenvironmentalbalanceandsupportingbiodiversity.Forinstance,theycan

actasnaturalwaterpurifiersandabsorbingharmfulsubstancesfromrunoff（地表徑流）beforetheyreachlargerbodiesofwater.

―47—.

A.Wetlandsareknownfortheirabilitytofeedpartoftheworld.

B.Thishelpstopreservecleanwaterforhumansandwildlifealike.

C.Withoutthem,thecityconstructionwillslowdowninsomeway.

D.Manywetlandshavebeenfilledtomakewayforfieldsandbuildings.

E.Besidestheirecologicalbenefits,wetlandsoffereconomicandrecreationalvalue.

F.Thesecallforcooperationbetweengovernments,organizationsandcommunities.

（2025年崇明一模）

A.One7-minuteblockhadpeoplesittinginsilence.

B.Inthiscase,thebrainmightbetuningintothemusic.

C.Theauthorssuggesteditwasevidenceofmusicbeingmorethanadistractionfromanunpleasantexperience.

D.Andthemosteffectivepainrelieverswerefoundtobesadsongsdetailingbittersweetandemotional

experiences.

E.Nevertheless,whileourbodiesstillfeelthepain,themessagestomakeourconsciousmindperceivethepain

maynotberelayed.

F.Peoplewholistenedtobittersweetsongsalsoreportedmorethrills（震顫感）andshivers（哆嗦）ontheskinfrom

listeningtopleasurablemusic.

CertainTypesofMusicCouldHelpYouFeelLessPain,NewStudySays

Thereisnodoubtthatmusiccancalmthesoulforsome,anditturnsoutthatitcouldalsobeatemporaryrelieverfor

physicalpain.

Listeningtofavoritesongscouldreducepeople'sperceptionofpain,accordingtoanewstudy.

47

Whenratingtheirexperiences,peopleweremorelikelytoreportfeelinglesspainwhenlisteningtotheirfavoritesongs

comparedwithhearingtheunfamiliarrelaxingsongorsilence.Thescrambledsongsdidnotreducepaineither.49

Afterinterviewingtheparticipantsaboutthesongtheybroughtandtheirratingofpain,theresearchersfoundpeoplewho

listenedtobittersweetandmovingsongsfeltlesspainthanwhentheylistenedtosongswithcalmingorcheerfulthemes.

高考練場

（2025年楊浦一模）

DislikingVegetablesCanRuboffonOthers

Scientistshavelongbeeninterestedinwhysomepeoplelikevegetablesandwhyothersdon't,wheneatinggreensisgoodfor

you.___47___Apparently,watchingsomeoneeatingvegetablesandvisiblydislikingthemcouldputyouoffthemabittoo.

Aresearchteamsetaboutinvestigatinghowthefacialexpressionsthatpeoplemakeastheyeataffectapersonwatching

them.Theyaskedmorethan200womentowatchvideosofotheradultseatingrawbroccoli.Thepeopleinthevideoswouldhave

differentexpressionswhileeating.Theywouldsmile,lookneutralorlooksickenedbywhattheyweretasting.Thestudyfound

thatwatchingpeoplereactwithstrongdisliketothebroccolireducedhowmuchthewomenlikedit.___48___

Humanslearnwhichbehaviourswillbenefitthem,includingeating,bywatchingthereactionsofothers.___49___Scientists

thinkthatpeoplemightavoidfoodthatappearssickeningbecauseitcouldhelptoprotectthemfromeatingsomethingthattastes

badorcouldbedangerous.

Althoughtheresearchonlyfocusedonadults,expertsthinktheresultscouldalsoapplytochildren.Thismeansthatif

childrensawtheirparents,brothersorsistersnotenjoyingcertainfoods,includingvegetables,theymightnotwanttoeatthem

either.___50___

Understandingmoreabouthowadults'behaviourinfluenceschildren'senjoymentoffoodcouldhelptofindwaysto

encourageyoungpeopletoeatmoreofthefoodsthataregoodforthem.

A.Apreviousstudyfoundthatchildrenbetweentheagesoffourandsixyearsoldweremorelikelytoeatbroccoliifthey'dseen

videoclipsofadultsenjoyingit.

B.However,apositivefacialexpressiondidn'tmakethemlikebroccolimore.

C.Infact,theimpactofobservingotherseatextendsbeyondsimplydiningmanners.

D.Thisisknownassocialmodelling,anditisastronginfluenceonpeople'seatinghabits.

E.Anewstudyhasfoundthatotherpeople'slikesanddislikescouldplayapart.

F.Thisphenomenon,oftenreferredtoassocialinfluence,highlightshowoureatingbehaviorsarenotshapedbythebehaviorsof

thosewedinewith.

（2025年靜安一模）

Thecomingofanewyearmarksafreshstartandmotivatesmanypeopletobreakbadhabits.Someareeasiertoshakethan

others.However,thetendencytoprocrastinateisamongthestickiest.Whetherit'sfinishingapieceofwork,sendinganemailor

goingforarun,sometaskscanbecomeunconquerable.Theeasiestwaytodealwiththesetasksistoputthemoffuntillateror

neveratall.Ifsprocrastination.Itisaspecificformofdelaythatisbothunnecessaryandvoluntary.47____Atitsheart,

procrastinationisaboutavoidance.Ratherthanthetaskitself,it'softentheemotionsattachedtoanactivitythatcausepeopleto

pause.Handlingthefirstlinesofacollegeessaymaybringupfeelingsofself-doubt,forexample.Whenyou'refacedwitha

broadquestionortopictowriteabout,thelackofclearinstructionscanproduceafearofnotgettingitrightorofwhatmight

happenifyougetitwrong.

Thepersonprocrastinatingusuallydoessodespiteknowingthatthetaskisimportantorvaluabletothemorothersandthat

puttingitoffcouldberiskytothemorothers.Bigprojectsmaybringoverpoweringfeelingswhicharelikelytoleadto

procrastination.48Answeringanordinaryemailfromwork,forexample,maybringinstantdiscomfort,sotheurgeto

escapesuchnegativeemotiondefeatsone'sdutytocompletethedailytask.

Likeanypersonalitycharacter,therearesomebiologicalconnections.Researchsuggeststhatprocrastinationislinkedto

impatienceonageneticlevel.Itmaybeapassed-downproperty.49Environmentalfactorsarejustasimportantin

shapingourresponsetotasks.Someonewhodoesn'tusuallyprocrastinatecandosoiftheyfindthemselvesinasituationthat

exhauststheirrespondingabilities,suchasthedeathofafomilymember.50

Ofcourse,procrastinationcanpileonmorepressuresbyleavingataskhangingoveraperson'shead,thusproducinga

negativecyclethatcandamagementalhealth,loweracademicperformanceandleadtofinancialtrouble.

A.Butthatdoesn'tmeanyou'restuckandthafswhoyouare.

B.Procrastinationbecomesaneasyand'dirty'wayofreactionwhenyourhandlingresourcesaremaxedout.

C.Chancesarethatyouwillfindyourselfsupportedbyprocrastinationallalong.

D.Itisn'tcausedbytheperson'sneedtoprioritizeothertasksorbyanunexpectedemergency.

E.Youwillbecomeincreasinglyfrustratedwithyourselffornotgettingthetaskdone.

F.However,thethreatcanalsocomefromsomethingtiny.

（2025年黃浦區(qū)一模）

Hiking:HowtoGetStarted

Hiking,aformofexerciseolderthanexerciseitself,issohotrightnow.Fordedicatedhikers,hikingoffersfreedomand

perspective.Butforthoseofuswhohaven'tspentserioustimeoutdoorssincesummercamp,ahalf^dayhikecanbedifficult.

Howcanyouavoidgettinglostorinjured?Doyoureallyneedspecialhikingshoes?47

Ifyou'rerelativelyactive,you'reprobablyalreadytrainingjustbygoingforwalks.48Totrainforsharperland,

walkuphillsortakethestairsinsteadofalift.

Thekeytoarelaxinghikeisbeingaspreparedaspossiblefortheunknown,whetherit'sasuddendownpouroraninjured

ankle.Everyhikershouldbringthe10essentials,whichincludefoodanddrink,firstaidsupplies,amapandcompassand

rainwear.49Youdon'tneedtoinvestinspecialhikingshoes.Youdoneedtowearshoesthatofferfirmnessand

protection,especiallyifthetrackisrocky,sharporpotentiallymuddy.

Finallytoavoidinjury,don'tpushyourselftoohardorfastthroughmorechallengingtracks.Remember:50Slow

down,takeinthescenery,listentothebirds,andjustbepresentinnature.

A.Whathappensifyoulosecell-phoneservice?

B.Thepointistobeabletoseetheviewsandsmelltheflowers.

C.Butthemostessentialequipmentisfootwearbecauseyourfeetareliterallyyourfoundation.

D.Spendingtimeinnatureandhavingexperiencesthatinspireamazementcanlowerstressandanxiety.

E.Iftheideaofbreakingasweatonthetrackssoundsappealingbutyou'renotsurehowtostart,we'vegotyoucovered.

F.Itcanbeassimpleasheadingoutthedoorandwalkingfor40minutestoanhourtobuildupstrengthandendurance.

（2025年閔行一模）

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Couldapillmakesocialsituationsfeellessthreatening?

B.Socialconnectionsarealsoessentialforahealthylifestyle.

C.It'slikedrivinginthewinterwhenyoucan'tseeclearly.

D.Isthereastrongconnectionbetweenmemoryenhancementandstressreduction?

E.Atthesametime,itcanalsomakethemdefensivewhenjudgingothers.

F.Unfortunately,thefearwillappearrepeatedlyandinfluenceyourperceptionofthings.

CanaPillFightLoneliness?

“Haveyouevertakenawalkinthewoodsandjumpedbackbecauseyousawastickonthegroundandthoughtitwasa

snake,“asksresearcherStephanieCacioppo."Thelonelypeopleseesnakesallthe

Cacioppoistalkingaboutalong-termlonelinesscontradiction:Aperson'sbrainfeelsthatsomethingiswrongandthatthey

shouldconnectwithothers.47Consequently,theyfocusonthenegativesignalstheythinkthey'regetting,whichkeeps

themfromconnecting.

48That'sthefocusofaclinicalexperimentthatCacioppoisoverseeing.Forayearandahalf,96lonelybuthealthy

subjectshavebeentakingacertainamountofpregnenolone,achemicalsubstanceassociatedwithmemoryenhancementand

stressreduction.

Thegoaloftheresearchistoseehowbalancingpregnenolonelevelsaffectsthesubjects.Thepillcouldhelpreducethe

fearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdrawandactmorecalmlyinsocialsituations.49Theideaisthatapillcouldclearyour

view,helpingyouseethingsclearlyinsteadoffeelingafraidofeveryone.Thenyoubecomemorewillingtolistentoothers.

Whiledevelopingapilltoaddressthebrainsignalsthatleadtolonelinessholdspromise,itshouldnotbeseenastheonly

solution.50Buildingmeaningfulrelationshipsisjustasimportantaseatingrightandexercising.

變其演至

A

【來源】上海市育才中學2023-2024學年高三上學期期末英語試卷

Modemcomputertechnologyhasmadeanewkindofhumanrelationshippossible:onlinefriendship.]Are

onlinefriendshipsasbeneficialasface-to-facefriendships?Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhavingvirtualfriends?

Canpeopleformstrongbondsonline?Todaythesequestionsarethesubjectoflivelydebate.

SomepeoplebelievethattheInternetisthebestwaytomakenewfriends.Ifsconvenient,ifsfast,anditallowsmaking

contactwithdifferentkindsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.Whenyouusesocialnetworking,websitesandchatrooms,you

caneasilyfindpeoplewithinterestsandhobbiessimilartoyours.Informationupdatesandphotosaddtotheexperience.

MakingfriendsontheInternetisespeciallygoodforshypeoplewhofeeluncomfortableinsocialsituations.Ifsofteneasierto

sharethoughtsandfeelingsonline.2Theycanmakepeoplefeellesslonelyandhelpthemsolveproblems.

AlthoughtheInternetcanencouragefriendship,ithasamajordisadvantage.3Onlinefriendsonlytellyouwhat

theywantyoutoknow.Theysometimesexaggeratetheirgoodqualitiesandhidethelesspositiveones,soyoucan'tbesureof

whattheyreallylike.Thatiswhyyoushouldnotgivepersonalinformationtoanyoneonlineunlessyou'retotallysureofwho

thatpersonis.

Canonlinefriendshipbeasmeaningfulasface-to-faceones?Therearedifferentpointsofview.Researchersatthe

UniversityofSouthernCaliforniasurveyed2,000householdsintheUnitedStates.Theresultsshowedthatmorethan40

percentofparticipantsfeel“asstronglyabouttheironlinebuddies^^astheydoabouttheir“offline“friends.4Incontrast,

therearemanypeoplewhobelievethatit'snotpossibletohavedeeprelationshipswithonlinefriends,AyoungIndiansoftware

engineer,LalithaLakshmipathy,says,"it'sgoodtofeelconnectedwithmanypeople,butallmye-buddiesarenotnecessarily

myclosefriends.Theysaythatit'shardtodevelopfeelingsoftrustandconnectionwhenyoudon'tshareexperiencesin

person.

Peoplecontinuetoexpressdifferentopinionsaboutonlinefriendship.However,mostofthemwouldagreethatvirtual

friendshipsmustnotreplaceface-to-facefriendships.Asonelifecoachsays,t6asocialnetworkingsiteshouldonlybethe"add

on'inanyrelationship.

A.Inaddition,virtualfriendscanofferemotionalsupport.

B.Whenyou'renotfacetoface,it'smucheasiertodeceivepeople.

C.Manypeoplewouldagree.

D.Researchersalsofoundthatit'snotunusualfbronlinefriendstobecomeface-to-facefriend.

E.Onlinefriendsmaybeofhelpinmanyways.

F.Onlinefriends,orvirtualfriends,arepeoplewhohavebecomeacquaintedwitheachotherthroughtheInternet.

B

【來源】上海市閘北第八中學2023-2024學年高三上學期期中英語試卷

Soilconservationmethodshelpfarmersprotecttheirlandfromthedamagecausedbyfarmingandtheforcesofnature.

Onemethodofsoilconservationistheuseofwindbreaks.Windbreaksarebarriersformedbytreesandotherplants.5

Windbreakshelppreven