Unit6usinglanguage

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語Author:MissLiu現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語概述補(bǔ)足語句型現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作主語（邏輯賓語）補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別語法導(dǎo)圖語法講練現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語一、概述1、分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語其實是同一成分用于兩種不同的句式中。具體地說，主動語態(tài)句子中地賓語補(bǔ)足語就是被動語態(tài)句子中的主語補(bǔ)足語。Eg:Ifoundthemplayingbasketball.Hehadhiscarrepairedbytheoldman.2、補(bǔ)足語：某些及物動詞不僅需要賓語，還要求某個詞或詞組來補(bǔ)充說明賓語，即表示賓語代表的人或物所發(fā)出的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，這個詞或短語稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。有些語法書把賓語和補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。被動結(jié)構(gòu)中則是主語補(bǔ)足語。Eg:Don’tleaveherwaitingoutside.Hewasfoundknockeddownbyacar.3、常用句型：及物動詞+賓語（pron./n.)+賓語補(bǔ)足語（n./adj./adv./todo/-ing/-ed/介詞短語共7種表示法）該句型若變成被動語態(tài)，即將賓語提到句首作主語，原主動語態(tài)中的賓語補(bǔ)足語此時在被動語態(tài)中起到補(bǔ)充說明主語的作用，所以改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。Eg:Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.如果發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師在廚房吸煙，他將立即被解雇。此句中smoking是主語he的補(bǔ)足語，稱為主語補(bǔ)足語?！炯磳W(xué)即練】找出下列句子的補(bǔ)語。1.Iwillhavemywatchrepaired.2.Ismellsomethingburninginthekitchen.3.Tommadehisbedroomdecoratedrecently.4.Thelittlecatwasrescuedbyourclassmates,lyingonachair.二、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語常用分詞作補(bǔ)足語的情況：1.感官動詞（短語）（feel、hear、listento、see、watch、notice、obaerve、lookat等）+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示該動作正在進(jìn)行。Eg:Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyurface,youcanfeeltheairmovingagainsttourface.OnedaywhenIcameacrossAmyinthepark,Ifoundhercrying.2.使役動詞keep,have,leave,make等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示“使......處于某種狀態(tài)”，也可以接形容詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語的狀態(tài)和特征。Eg:Truetoform,shekeptherguestwaitingformorethan90minutes.Thestorymadehimsad.Shequitandlefthimstandingthere.【即學(xué)即練】完成句子。1.我看見他正走進(jìn)辦公室，胳膊下夾著一本詞典。I________________________________________theofficewithadictionaryunderhisarm.2.我看見一架飛機(jī)正朝北飛去。Isawaplane________________________________________.sawhimwalkingintoflyingtothenorth三、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語常用分詞作補(bǔ)足語的情況：1.表示意欲或命令的動詞，如like,wih,order等常接過去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。Eg:Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.Iwishitdonequickly.2.see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find等感官動詞后常接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示該動作與賓語之間是被動關(guān)系或者該動作已經(jīng)完成。Eg:Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfheard.Ifoundmyplanemodelfixedbymydad.3.have,get,make,leave,keep等使役動詞后接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示動作由他人完成。Eg:Hehadhishairstyledatanexpensivesalon.SotherewasnoonestandingwithhimwhenJosephmadehimselfknowntohisbrothers.四、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作主語（邏輯賓語）補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，若主語與分詞之間是主動關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，如果主語與分詞之間是被動關(guān)系，則用過去分詞表示被動?！炯磳W(xué)即練】1.Tomsawtheoldman__________(knock)down.2.Astressfuljourneytoworkgetsyourbloodpressure__________(climb).3.Hecouldhearhisheart__________(beat)fast.4.Iheardthesong__________(sing),inFrench.5.IansorryIhaveleftsomeofyourqueations___