PAGEPAGE13.爭論文A(2024·四川雙流中學模擬)話題：知足常樂難度：★★★建議用時：17分Historybooksarefilledwithwealthypeoplewhowerepracticallypoorcomparedtome.Ihavestormwindows，1Croesus，thelastkingofLydiawhowasincrediblyrich，didnot.Theentirepopulation2beforeAlexandertheGreat，buthecouldn’tbuyunpackedcatfood.WilliamⅠ，whoconqueredEnglandsome930yearsago，3acompoundsaw(復合鋸)．Givenhowmuch4Iamthansomanyfamous5people，you’dthinkI’dbecontent.However，the6isthat，likemostpeople，Icomparemywealthwith7oflivingpersons：neighbors，schoolclassmates，TVpersonalities.The8IfeeltowardmyfriendHoward’snewkitchenisnot9bythefactthatnoFrenchking10hadarefrigeratorwithglassdoors.Thereisreallynorisingorfalling11ofliving.Overthecenturiespeoplesimplyfinddifferentthingsto12about.You’dthinkthatmerelynothavingadiseasewouldputusinagood13，butno，wewantahotbathtub，too.Ofcourse，onewaytoachievehappinesswouldbeto14thatevenbycontemporarystandardsthethingsI15areprettynice.Myhouseis16thanthehousesofmanyinvestmentbankers，butevensoithasalotmoreroomsthanmywifeandIcankeep17.18topeoplelookingbackatourerafromacenturyortwointhefuture，thosebankers，fancycountertopsandmyownwornoneswillseem19shabby.Ican’t20myneighborrightnow.Butjustwait.eq\x(語篇解讀本文通過論述告誡人們，“知足常樂，不攀比”。)1．A.asB．whileC．whenD．since答案B解析as由于；while然而；when當……時候；since既然。依據(jù)本句句意“我有防風窗，而呂底亞的最終一位特別富有的國王克里薩斯卻沒有。”可知，此處是并列句，前后形成顯明對比，while“然而”符合語境。故答案為B。2．A.jumped B．smiledC．laughed D．trembled答案D解析jump跳動；smile微笑；laugh大笑；tremble顫抖。依據(jù)本句句意“在亞歷山大大帝面前，全部的人都戰(zhàn)栗不已，但他卻買不到?jīng)]有包裝的貓糧?！奔癰ut可知前后是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關系，故答案為D。3．A.lacked B．possessedC．a(chǎn)bandoned D．lost答案A解析lack缺乏；possess擁有；abandon遺棄；lose丟失。依據(jù)本句句意“930年前折服英國的威廉一世缺少一把圓鋸?！辈春仙衔闹械摹癲idnot”和“hecouldn’tbuy”可知，填lacked。故選A。4．A.welloff B．betteroffC．worseoff D．badlyoff答案B解析welloff境況好；betteroff經(jīng)濟狀況更好的；worseoff更糟糕的；badlyoff窮困的。依據(jù)“you’dthinkI’dbecontent”可知，作者比這么多已逝的名人經(jīng)濟狀況更好。故選B。5．A.living B．a(chǎn)liveC．dead D．deadly答案C解析living活的；alive活潑的；dead死的；deadly致命的。依據(jù)常識可知，前面提到的這些人已經(jīng)死去，故選C。6．A.problem B．dangerC．pleasure D．question答案A解析problem麻煩的問題，難題；danger危急；pleasure歡樂；question問題。由However，可知，作者的問題是與活著的人比財寶。故選A。7．A.those B．thisC．that D．one答案C解析作者拿自己的財寶與活著的人的財寶相比較。此處用that替代不行數(shù)名詞wealth，故答案為C。8．A.surprise B．envyC．a(chǎn)nger D．puzzle答案B解析surprise驚異；envy嫉妒；anger生氣；puzzle迷惑。作者嫉妒摯友家的新廚房。故選B。9．A.increased B．relievedC．a(chǎn)dded D．refused答案B解析increase增加；relieve減輕；add添加；refuse拒絕。作者并沒有因為沒有一個法國國王有過玻璃門冰箱這個事實而減輕了對摯友新廚房的嫉妒。故選B。10．A.ever B．neverC．often D．sometimes答案A解析ever曾經(jīng)；never從來沒有；often常常；sometimes有時候。句意參考上題解析。故選A。11．A.condition B．levelC．stone D．standard答案D解析condition狀況；level水平；stone石頭；standard標準。“生活標精的確沒有上升或下降?！惫蔬xD。12．A.talk B．careC．complain D．joke答案C解析talk談話；care關切；complain埋怨；joke笑話。幾個世紀以來，人們只是找到不同的事情來埋怨。complainabout“埋怨”，故選C。13．A.mood B．expressionC．state D．status答案A解析mood心情；expression表情；state狀態(tài)；status地位。不是僅僅沒有疾病就能讓我們心情好。inagoodmood“有一個好心情”，故選A。14．A.suggest B．realizeC．suppose D．expect答案B解析suggest建議；realize意識到；suppose假設；expect期盼。獲得華蜜的一個方法就是意識到，即使以當代的標準來衡量，我擁有的東西也是相當不錯的。故選B。15．A.do B．likeC．hate D．own答案D解析do做；like喜愛；hate厭惡；own擁有。句意參考上題解析。故選D。16．A.larger B．prettierC．smaller D．uglier答案C解析larger更大；prettier更漂亮；smaller更??；uglier更丑。我的房子比銀行投資家的房子小，所以選C。17．A.clean B．messyC．comfortable D．unpleasant答案A解析clean干凈的；messy混亂的；comfortable舒適的；unpleasant不開心的。但是就我有的這些房間我和我妻子也不能全都保持干凈。故選A。18．A.However B．BesidesC．Therefore D．Even答案B解析however然而；besides另外；therefore所以；even甚至。此外，對于將來一兩個世紀回顧我們這個時代的人來說，那些銀行家們和我同樣顯得寒酸。故選B。19．A.especially B．extraordinaryC．equally D．extremely答案C解析especially特殊地；extraordinarily非凡地；equally同等地；extremely極其。句意參考上題解析。故選C。20．A.keepawayfrom B．keepinwithC．keeponat D．keeppacewith答案D解析keepawayfrom遠離；keepinwith不斷討好；keeponat糾纏；keeppacewith并駕齊驅(qū)。我現(xiàn)在不如我的鄰居過得好。故選D。B(2024·河南鄭州質(zhì)檢)話題：旅行中學會與人相處難度：★★建議用時：16分MyfatherwasborninasmalltownintheUS.Hewasn’tsurewhathewantedfrom21，butsomethingtoldhimto22andbeginanewadventure.HebeganthatadventuretravelingtocitiesintheUSbeforegoingontoAustralia，NewZealandandthePhilippines.Hetookmymotherandusthreedaughterswithhimandwentwherevertheroad23him.It’seasytofeel24whenyou’reontheroad.Wemadelotsofnewfriendsonourtrip—mostofthemaremechanics，sinceweoften25hoursinrepairshops.Butthatwasawaymuch26thansittingbytheroadsidewhilewaitingfortheengineto27whenitwas40℃outside.Gettingalongwellsometimesseemed28.Therewerealwaysalotof29，especiallyamongusback-seatpassengersaboutwhohadto30inthemiddle.Butevenifitwashard，welearnedalotabout31.WhenweweretravelinginthePhilippines，wedrovetoQuezonCityoneday.Itshouldhavebeenanhour’sdrivebutwasnearlythreethankstobadroadsand32traffic.“Didyouputoursuitcasesinthecar？”myfatheraskedmymotheraswearrivedthere.Fromthebackseat，wesawher33turntowardmyfather.“No，”shesaid.“Ithoughtyoudid.”Thatwashowaseven-hourcartripturnedintoa16-hourone，whichwasmostlyspentin34.Onoccasionslikethat，wehadtolearntoletgoofourangerbecausewewere35inarollingboxwiththesamepeoplefortherestofthe36.EvenifIsometimesfeltlikeopeningthecardoorand37oneofmysistersout，Ikeptmyfeelingstomyself.Thisiswhyroadtripswerelike38universitiestous.We39ourPHDs(博士學位)inhowtogetalongwithotherpeoplejustbytravelinginouroldcar.Ifwewere40givenasecondchanceatlife，wewoulddoitalloveragain.OnlythistimewouldIputthesuitcasesinthecarmyself.語篇解讀作者的父親喜愛冒險，常常帶著家人去旅行，作者通過旅行感悟到旅行讓我們學會與他人相處。21．A.move B．lifeC．experience D．belief答案B解析父親來自小鎮(zhèn)，他不太確定從生活中獲得什么。move行動；life生活；experience經(jīng)驗；belief信仰。故選B。22．A.liveup B．struggleonC．getout D．walkaround答案C解析與上文轉(zhuǎn)折，但是他知道要走出去，起先新的冒險。getout“出去”符合語境。故選C。23．A.took B．droveC．served D．controlled答案A解析他帶上媽媽和我們姐妹三人，旅行到過很多地方，路把他帶向哪里，他就帶我們?nèi)ツ睦?。take帶領；drive開車；serve服務；control限制。故選A。24．A.anxious B．upsetC．helpless D．lonely答案D解析依據(jù)下文可知，在旅途中很簡潔感到孤獨。anxious擔憂的；upset不安的；helpless無助的；lonely孤獨的。故選D。25．A.wasted B．workedC．spent D．chatted答案C解析因為常常要修車，所以我們常在修理店花好幾個小時。waste奢侈；work工作；spend度過；chat交談。故選C。26．A.better B．easierC．safer D．cleverer答案A解析在修車店里逗留比等在室外40度的路邊好多了。better更好的；easier更簡潔的；safer更平安的；cleverer更聰慧的。故選A。27．A.breakdown B．cooloffC．clearup D．turnover答案B解析這里指坐在路邊等待引擎冷卻。breakdown出故障；cooloff冷卻；clearup清理；turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)，移交。故選B。28．A.available B．a(chǎn)lternativeC．necessary D．impossible答案D解析依據(jù)下文提及的爭吵可知，姐妹之間好好相處好像是不行能的(impossible)。available可得到的；alternative供選擇的；necessary必要的；impossible不行能的。故選D。29．A.arguments B．fightsC．embarrassments D．a(chǎn)musements答案A解析在旅途中有很多爭吵。argument爭吵；fight打架，斗毆；embarrassment尷尬；amusement消遣。故選A。30．A.settle B．restC．sit D．watch答案C解析依據(jù)上下文語境可知，三姐妹關于誰坐在中間有很多爭吵。settle解決；rest休息；sit坐；watch視察。故選C。31．A.sharing B．respectC．communication D．tolerance答案D解析依據(jù)下文作者描述的一次經(jīng)驗可知，盡管很難，但是她們學會了容忍。sharing共享；respect敬重；communication溝通；tolerance容忍。故選D。32．A.light B．thickC．local D．fast答案B解析由于很差的路況和擁擠的交通，本該一小時的路程他們開車開了三個小時。light輕的；thick密集的，擁擠的；local當?shù)氐模籪ast快的。故選B。33．A.suddenly B．sensitivelyC．calmly D．slowly答案D解析我們從后排座位看到母親漸漸轉(zhuǎn)向父親說話。suddenly突然；sensitively敏感地；calmly冷靜地；slowly漸漸地。故選D。34．A.silence B．vainC．panic D．disappointment答案A解析上文說到在旅途中我們都學會了容忍，因此當7個小時的車程變成了16個小時的車程時，大部分時間里他們都是緘默的。silence緘默；vain徒勞；panic恐慌；disappointment悲觀。故選A。35．A.buried B．crazyC．stuck D．impatient答案C解析在類似的狀況下，我們學會了放下生氣，因為我們都是被困在同一輛車里的人，要共同面對剩下的旅程。buried用心的；crazy瘋狂的；stuck被困住的；impatient焦躁的。故選C。36．A.holiday B．journeyC．exploration D．march答案B解析這里指全家在旅途中。holiday假期；journey旅途；exploration探究；march行軍。故選B。37．A.dragging B．pushingC．helping D．sending答案B解析這里是夸張的說法，作者有時候想要打開門把自己的姐妹推下車。drag拖拽；push推；help幫助；send送。故選B。38．A.unusual B．commonC．free D．mobile答案D解析對他們來說，馬路旅行就像移動的高校。unusual不尋常的；common普遍的；free免費的；mobile移動的。故選D。39．A.earned B．expectedC．missed D．valued答案A解析在這所移動的高校，就如何與別人相處方面，我們獲得了博士學位，意指他們在旅途中學到了很多。earn獲得；expect期盼；miss錯過；value重視。故選A。40．A.somewhere B．a(chǎn)nytimeC．somehow D．a(chǎn)nyway答案C解析假如我們以某種方式被賜予其次次生命的機會，我們會重新來過。somewhere在某處；anytime任何時候；somehow以某種方式；anyway不管怎樣。故選C。C(2024·江西吉安一模)話題：健康的生活方式難度：★★★建議用時：17分Takingcareofyourselfisnotbeingselfish.Bycaringenoughto41yourbodywell，youwillbein42shapetotakecareofthosearoundyou.Noonecantakecareofyourhealth43yourself.Believeinyourselfandyour44.Havea“can-do”attitude.Makealistof45changesthatyouhavemadeinthepast.Itiseasierto46agoalwhenyouare47.Usehumorandlaughoffoccasionallapses(過失)．Haveconfidencethatyoucangetbackontrackwithyourhealthy48.Seekoutafriendorco-workerwhowillmakeyoufeelcomfortable.Youwillfindout49friendsisahappythingintheworld.Regularphonecalls，emailsorvisitsovercoffeecouldhelpyoukeepagoodcontactwiththem.50yourcheerleadercouldbecomeyourexercisebuddy(密友)．51yourselfasyoumakesimplechangesthatintheendwill52inachievingyouroverallgoal.Celebrationispartofsuccessfulchange.Createalistofincentives(動機)thatwill53youmotivated.Adopteatingandphysicalactivityhabitsthatcanbecomepartofyour54.Haveabackupplan55thosedayswhenyourplanstoeatwellandbeactivearechallenged.Ifyoucan’twalk56theweather，haveanexercisevideotouse.Ifyouhavenotimetopacka57lunch，chooseasmallfastfoodsandwichandsidesalad.Goona58.Workandfamilyaretwomostimportantthingsinpeople’slives.Peopletrytotacklethetwothingsatonce，59mostofthemfail.Justasanoldsayinggoes：Peoplewhoknowhowtorest60howtowork.Gooutwithyourfamilyandhaveagoodtime.語篇解讀本文提出了六條保持健康生活方式的建議。分別是照看好自己的身體、信任自我的實力、和讓自己感覺舒適的人交摯友、嘉獎自己、讓飲食和熬煉成為自己生活習慣的一部分以及和家人多出去旅行。41．A.see B．takeC．use D．treat答案D解析see望見；take帶走；use運用；treat對待。依據(jù)下文yourbodywell可知，此處意思應為“好好對待你的身體”，故選D。42．A.better B．worseC．bigger D．smaller答案A解析better更好的；worse更壞的；bigger更大的；smaller更小的。句意為：照看好自己的身體，你就能更好地照看身邊的人。故選A。43．A.besides B．exceptC．beside D．beyond答案B解析besides除……之外還有(包含該介詞的賓語在內(nèi))；except除……之外(不包含該介詞的賓語在內(nèi))；beside在旁邊；beyond超出。句意為：除了你自己，沒有人能照看你的健康。故選B。44．A.body B．a(chǎn)ttitudeC．a(chǎn)bility D．eye答案C解析body身體；attitude看法；ability實力；eye眼睛。依據(jù)下文“Havea‘can-do’attitude.”可知，此處是指要信任自己和自己的實力，故選C。45．A.successful B．littleC．strange D．few答案A解析successful勝利的；little小的；strange生疏的；few很少。依據(jù)上文強調(diào)要信任自己的實力，故此處是指列出你過去所做過的勝利的變更。故選A。46．A.check B．discoverC．a(chǎn)chieve D．declare答案C解析check核實；discover發(fā)覺；achieve實現(xiàn)；declare宣布。依據(jù)下文agoal可知是“實現(xiàn)一個目標”故選C。47．A.optional B．particularC．dynamic D．optimistic答案D解析optional可選擇的；particular特殊的；dynamic動態(tài)的；optimistic樂觀的。句意為：當你樂觀的時候，更簡潔實現(xiàn)目標。故選D。48．A.work B．routineC．face D．sight答案B解析work工作；routine日常生活；face臉；sight視力。句意為：要有信念，你可以回到健康的生活軌道上來。故選B。49．A.taking B．makingC．sharing D．playing答案B解析take帶走；make制造，發(fā)展；share共享；play玩耍。句意為：你會發(fā)覺交摯友是世上一件歡樂的事情。makefriends“交摯友”，故選B。50．A.Surely B．QuicklyC．Perhaps D．Slowly答案C解析surely當然；quickly快地；perhaps可能，或許；slowly緩慢地。句意為：或許你的啦啦隊隊員可以成為你的運動伙伴。表示對狀況的揣