延慶區(qū)2023?2024學年高三第二學期統(tǒng)測試卷

英語試題

本試卷共11頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題;每小題L5分,共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題

卡上將該項涂黑。

Weliveinatown,abouthalfamilefromthebanksoftheAhrRiver.Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweekandthere

were]warningsfbrsomeofthenearbyareas,butnotwhereIwas.

Asaprecaution,I'd2sandbagsoutsidemygardendoorandpiledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthe

couchjustincasewalermanagedtoseepthrough.

AsIfellasleep,Iwas3bythesoundofrushingwater.WhenIswungmylegsoffthebed,Iwas4to

feelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast.Shiveringandindarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneand5its

flashlight.Waterwascomingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingall

overmylivingroom.TheAhrmusthave6burstitsbanksandbreachedthesandbags.AndnowIhadtogetout

—fast!

Withthewaternowuptomywaist,inbarefeetIstartedtopaddletomyonly7:thedoorleadingtoupstairs.

FinallyImadeittothatdoorandtriedtopullitopen,butthewater'spressurewashigh.Imanagedtomakea8

ofabout30centimeterswithallmystrengthandeffort,enoughfbrmetosqueezethrough.Rushingdownoutside,I

9thatit1hadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,1wouldhavedrowned.

Theexperiencemademegratefulanddeterminedtoliveeachdaytoitsfullest.Iwillrememberwhatmymother

toldme:"Don'trememberthedaywhenyou10everything.Rememberthedayyousurvivcd.^^

1.

A.floodB.earthquakeC.droughtD.sandstorm

2.

A.cleanedB.liftedC.recoveredD.placed

3.

A.threatenedB.awakenedC.weakenedD.tightened

4.

A.excitedB.shockedC.depressedD.exhausted

5.

A.showedupB.lookedupC.turnedonD.wenton

6.

A.carefullyB.graduallyC.v沁lentlyD.constantly

7.

A.escapeB.mindC.problemD.stage

8.

A.gapB.depthC.heightD.cut

9.

A.pretendedB.promisedC.imaginedD.realised

10.

A.lackedB.foundC.lostD.gained

【答案】l.A2.D3.B4.B5.C6.C7.A8.A9.D10.C

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的一次脫險經(jīng)歷。由于連下大雨，使得河流決堤，爆發(fā)了洪

水，殃及到作者所居住的區(qū)域。盡管作者提前做好了“抗洪”準備，但是，洪水的破壞力還是使得作者的

家，以及該區(qū)域一片狼藉。幸運的是，作者逃生并幸存了下來。

【1題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那個星期一直下著大雨，附近的一些地區(qū)發(fā)布了洪水警報，但我所在的地方?jīng)]

有。A.flood洪水；B.earthquake地震；C.drought干旱；D.sandstorm沙塵暴。根據(jù)"Ithadbeenraining

bucketsthatweek”可知，下大雨應是發(fā)布洪水警報，故選A。

【2題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為預防措施，我在花園門外放了沙袋，把電子產(chǎn)品和衣服堆在桌子和沙發(fā)上，

以防水浸透。A.cleaned打掃；B.lifted舉起，（被）提起；C.recovered恢更；D.placed放置。結(jié)合語境及

apiledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouchw可知，此處指在花園門外放了沙袋，故選D。

【3題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我剛睡著，就被嘩嘩的水聲吵醒了。A.threatened威脅；B.awakened（使）醒來；

C.weakened削弱,減弱;D.tightened（fj）變緊。根據(jù)"AsIfellasleep”可知，作者正在睡覺，故此處指被

水聲吵醒，故選B。

【4題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我把腿從床上甩下來時，我震驚地感到冷水已經(jīng)沒過膝蓋，而且還在迅速上

升。A.excited興奮的：B.shocked震驚的；C.depressed沮喪的；D.exhausted筋疲力盡的。根據(jù)“tofeelcold

wateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfastw可知，作者一覺醒來感到冷水己經(jīng)沒過膝蓋，而且還在迅速上升，

應是感到震驚，故選B。

【5題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在黑暗中瑟瑟發(fā)抖，我抓起手機，打開了手電筒。A.showedup出現(xiàn)；B.lookedup

查閱，向上看；C.turnedon打開；D.wenton繼續(xù)。根據(jù)"Shiveringandindarkness”可知，作者身處黑暗

中，故是抓起手機打開手電筒，故選C。

【6題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：阿爾河一定猛烈地沖垮了河岸，沖破了沙袋。A.carefully仔細地；B.gradually逐

漸地；C.violently猛烈地，激烈地：D.constantly不斷地。根據(jù)上文“Walerwascomingfromthegardendoor,

andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom.（水從花園的門里涌了出

來，椅子、書架和我的架子鼓碎片漂浮在客廳里）”可知，家里遭遇洪水，故此處指阿爾河猛烈地沖垮了河

岸，故選C。

【7題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在水沒到我的腰了，我光著腳開始劃向我唯一的逃生之處：通往樓上的門。A.

escape逃脫；B.mind頭腦;C.problem問題;D.stage舞臺。根據(jù)空后“thedoorleadingtoupstairs”可知,水

位己經(jīng)到了腰部，作者應是上樓逃生，故選A。

【8題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我使出了全身的力氣和力氣，總算擠出了30厘米左右的空隙，才勉強擠了過去。

A.gap間隙,開口；B.depth深度；C.height高度；D.cut劃口。根據(jù)"enoughformetosqueezethroughM可

知，此處指使出渾身力氣打開一個間隙擠過去，故選A。

【9題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我沖到外面，意識到如果我?guī)追昼姾笮褋?，我就會淹死。A.pretended假裝；B.

promised承諾；C.imagined想象；D.realised意識到。結(jié)合空后“ifIhadwokenupjuslafewminuteslater,I

wouldhavedrowned”可知，此處指作者意識到形勢的嚴峻，如果晚幾分鐘醒來可能就被淹死了。故選D。

【10題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我會記住媽媽告訴我的話：“不要記得你失去一切的那一天。記住你活下來的那

一天c"A.lacked缺少；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.天st失去;D.gained獲得。結(jié)合作者的經(jīng)歷以及下文“Remember

thedayyousurvived.”可知，作者從洪水中幸存，故此處指不要想自己失去了一切，而是要記得活下來的那一

天，故選C。

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用

括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

ShenzhouXVIIcrewmemberscompletedtheirfirstspacewalkon22ndDecember,2023,completingahostoftasks

outsidetheTiangongspacestation.Itwasthe14thspacewalk11(conduct)byChineseastronauts.Therearea

lotofscienceandtechnologyassignmentsforthem12(perform)duringtheremainingdaysoftheirstayin

orbit.Sincetheirarrival,theastronauts13(examine)andmaintainedequipmentandmadepreparationsfbrtheir

spacewalk.

【答案】11.conducted

12.toperform

14.hfveexamined

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講的是神舟十七號機組人員在天宮空間站外行走的情況。

【11題詳解】

考查過去分詞。句意：這是中國宇航員進行的第14次太空行走?？仗帒罘侵^語動詞，the14thspacewalk與

conduct之間為被動關系，應用過去分詞表示被動，作后置定語。故填conducted。

【12題詳解】

考查不定式。句意：在他們停留在軌道上的剩余日子里，他們要完成許多科學和技術任務。由句意及空后的

duringtheremainingdaysoftheirstayinorbit可知此處表示將來的動作且them與perform之間為主動關系，應

用不定式的主動形式toperform。故填toperformo

【13題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：自抵達以來，宇航員已經(jīng)檢查和維護了設備，并為太空行走做準備?？仗帒钪^語動

詞，由句意及時間狀語Sincetheirarrival可知應用現(xiàn)在完成時，并且根據(jù)maintainedequipmentandmade

preparations可知并列謂語，所以不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示自從抵達以來，她們已經(jīng)完成了這些事情。故

填haveexaminedo

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用

括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Asamothertothreeboys,Fmusedtoreceivingmyfavoritesoapasagiftft)reveryoccasion.Itdoesn'trequire

mucheffort,andmysonsknowthatIloveit.OnedaymysonsawamagazineonmydeskwithJaneGoodall14

thecover.Isaid,"She'smyfavoritepcrson.^ThenextChristmas,Iwasexpectingmysoap15mysonshanded

meanenvelope.Insidewas/acopyofNationalGeographicsignedbyJaneGoodall.I16(move)totears.Iwill

alwayscherishthemagazineandthoughtfulnessofmyboysfindingmetheperfectgift.

【答案】14.on15.when

16.wasmoved

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位母親收到了兒子送給她的特別禮物------本由簡?古道爾簽名的

《國家地理》雜志，她非常感動并會永遠珍惜這個禮物。

14題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：一天，我兒子看到一本我桌上的雜志，封面上是簡?古道爾。onthecover為固定搭配，意

為“在封面上”。故填。n。

【15題詳解】

考查連詞。句意：第二個圣誕節(jié)，我正期待著我的肥皂，這時我的兒子遞給我一個信封。此處為“be

doing...when...”結(jié)構，表示“正在做某事，這時...”。故填when。

【16題詳解】

考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：我感動得流下了眼淚。根據(jù)上下文可知，陳述過去事情，應用一般過去時；I和

move之間是被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)。故填wasmoved。

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用

括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Whenthe48-year-oldUzbekgymnast,OksanaChusovitina,17(participate)intheAsiadwomen's

gymnasticsqualificationonMonday,thousandsofspectatorschantedfor“QiuMa/'18translatesto“Mother

Chusovitina”.Whenhersonwasdiagnosedwithleukemiain2002,sheadoptedGermancitizenshiptocompeteatglobal

eventsforahigherincomeand19(good)medicaltreatment.Aftenherson's20(recover),

Chusovitinacontinuedhergymnasticsjourneyoutofsheerlovefbrthesport.

【答案】17.participated

18.which19.better

20.recovery

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了48歲的烏茲別克斯坦體操運動員奧克薩娜-丘索維金娜參加亞運會女

子體操資格賽的故事，她被稱為“丘媽”。她曾為給兒子治病改德國國籍，兒子康亞后她繼續(xù)體操生涯。

【17題詳解】

考查時態(tài)。句意：本周一，當48歲的烏茲別克斯坦體操運動員奧克薩娜?丘索維金娜參加亞洲女子體操資格

賽時，數(shù)千名觀眾高呼“丘媽”，意為“丘索維金娜媽媽”。根據(jù)時間狀語“onMonday”和下文的chanted

可知，句子應用一般過去時。故填participatedo

【18題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：本周一，當48歲的烏茲別克斯坦體操運動員奧克薩娜?丘索維金娜參加亞洲女子體操

資格賽時，數(shù)千名觀眾高呼“丘媽”，意為“丘索維金娜媽媽”。先行詞為“QiuMa"，指物，在非限定性

定語從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導。故填which。

【19題詳解】

考查形容詞比較級。句意：2002年，當她的兒子被診斷出患有白血病時，她加入了德國國籍，以便參加國際

賽事，以獲得更高的收入和更好的醫(yī)療服務。根據(jù)空格前的“higherincome”可知，此處應用形容詞比較級，

表示“更好的醫(yī)療治療”.故填better。

【20題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：在兒子康復后，出于對這項運動的熱愛，丘索維金娜繼續(xù)了她的體操之旅。根據(jù)空格前的

名詞所有格“herson's”可知，此處應用名詞形式作賓語，表示“康復”。故填recovery。

第二部分，閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題海小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂

黑。

A

Livingbeyondlimits

GrowingupinthehotLasVegasdesert,allIwantedwastobefree.Iwoulddaydreamabout（ravelingtheworld,

livinginaplacewhereitsnowed.

Attheageof19,thedayafterIgraduatedfromhighschool,ImovedtoaplacewhereitsnowedandIfoundmy

dreamjob.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ifeltfree,independentandcompletelyincontrolofmylife.Thatis,untilmylife

tookadetour（轉(zhuǎn)折點）.IwenthomefromworkearlyonedaywithwhatIthoughtwastheflu,andlessthan24hours

laterIwasinthehospitalonlifesupportwithlessthana2%chanceofliving.

OverthecourseoftwoandahalfmonthsIlostthehearinginmyleftearandbothofmylegsbelow（heknee.I

thoughttheworstwasoveruntilweekslaterwhenIsawmynewartificiallegsforthefirsttime.Theyweresopainful

thatallIcouldthinkwas,howamIevergoingtotraveltheworldinthesethings?AndhowwasIgoingtosnowboard

again?

ButIknewthatinordertomoveforward,IhadtoletgooftheoldSelfandlearntoembracethenewSelf.Andthat

iswhenitdawnedonmethatifIsnowboardedagain,myfeetaren'tgoingtogetcold.

FourmonthslaterIwasbackuponasnowboard,althoughthingsdidn'tgoquiteasexpected:Mykneesandmy

ankleswouldn'tbend.ButIknewthatIwouldbeabletodothisagainifIcouldfindtherightpairoffeet.

Ididayearofresearch,stillcouldn'tfigureoutwhatkindoflegstouse.So[decidedtomakeapairmyself.My

legmakerandIputrandompartstogetherandwemadeapairoffeetthatIcouldsnowboardin.Thenin2005Icofbundcd

anonprofitorganizationfbryouthwithphysicaldisabilitiessotheycouldgetinvolvedwithactionsports.

Elevenyearsago,whenIlostmylegs,Ihadnoideawhattoexpect.Butifyouaskmetoday,ifIwouldeverwant

tochangemysituation,Iwouldhavetosayno.Becausemylegshaven'tdisabledme.They'veforcedmetorelyonmy

imaginationandtobelieveinthepossibilities.

21.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshesawhernewlegsforthefirsttime?

A.Astonished.R.HapefnlC.Desperate.D.Delighted.

22.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangeherthoughttowardhersituation?

A.Herpositivealtitude.

B.Inspirationfromresearch.

C.Herloveforsnowboard.

D.Helpfromanonprofitorganization.

23.Theauthor'sattemptcouldhelpherandotheryouthswithphysicaldisabilitiesto.

A.travelaroundtheworld

B.takepartinactionsports

C.bendtheirkneesandankles

D.recoverfromtheirdisabilities

24.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Practicemakesperfect.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

CYoucan'tjudgeabookbyitscover.

D.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart

【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從成長到遭遇生活轉(zhuǎn)折點的經(jīng)歷，以及隨后的心理變化和成

長過程。

【21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Ithoughttheworstwasoveruntilweekslaterv/henIsawmynewartificiallegsfor

thefirsttime.TheyweresopainfulthatallIcouldthinkwas,howamIevergoingtotraveltheworldinthesethings?

AndhowwasIgoingtosnowboardagain?俄以為最糟糕的時候己經(jīng)過去了，直到幾周后我第一次看到我的新假

肢。它們太痛苦了，我滿腦子想的都是，我怎么能穿著這些東西環(huán)游世界呢？我怎么能再去滑雪呢？）”可知，

當作者第一次看到自己的新假肢時，作者覺得很絕望，不知道自己該如何繼續(xù)自己的生活。故選C。

【22題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段"ButIknewthatinordertomovefbrward,IhadtoletgooftheoldSelfandlearnto

embracethenewSelf.AndthatiswhenitdawnedonmethatifIsnowboardedagain,myfeetaren'tgoingtogetcold.（但

我知道，為了向前走，我必須放棄I日的自我，學會擁抱新的自我。就在那時，我突然意識到，如果我再去滑雪，

我的腳就不會冷了。）”可知，作者一開始覺得很絕望不知道如何走下去，但是作者積極的態(tài)度幫助了作者學會

擁抱新的自我.故選A。

【23題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Thenin2005Icofbundedanonprofitorganizationforyouthwithphysicaldisabilities

sotheycouldgetinvolvedwithactionsports.（然后在2005年，我與人共同創(chuàng)立了一個非營利組織，為身體殘疾的

年輕人提供幫助，讓他們能夠參與到極限運動中來。）”可知，作者的嘗試幫助自己和其他身體殘疾的年輕人能

夠?起參加到極限運動中。故選及

【24題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章講述了作者盡管在成長過程中經(jīng)歷了巨大的挫折，包括失去聽力和雙腿，

但她并沒有放棄，而是通過努力和決心重新站起來，甚至成立了一個非營利組織來幫助其他身體有殘疾的青年。

她的故事展示了一個強烈的意愿和決心可以克服一切困難，即“有志者事竟成”的道理。因此，選項D“Nothing

isimpossibletoawillingheart（有志者事竟成）”最符合文章的主旨。故選D。

B

Intern（實習生）：UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization（UNESCO）

JobTitle:DigitalBusinessSolutionsIntern

Worklocation:Rcmote/Beijing

Duration:Sixmonths

TheDigitalBureauSolutionisresponsibleforICToperationswithinUNESCO,andreportstotheAssistant

DirectorGeneraltoAdministration（ADG/ADM）.TheteamoverseestheimplementationofUNESO'sdigitalstrategy,

withthedeliveryofmoreintegratedandproperlydesigned,projectandknowledgemanagementinsupportof

programmedelivery;thesupplyofaflexibleITinfrastructure（基于出建設），andbest-in-classservicemanagementto

enableeffectiveprogrammedelivery;andthesupplyofstrengthenedcybersecurityanddigitalriskmanagement.

Jobresponsibilities

NetworkMonitoringandArrangement:Assistinmonitoringnetworkperformanceanddiagnosingconnectivity

issuesusingnetworkmonitoringtools;whilegaininghands-onexperiencewithnetworkdevicearrangement,including

routers,switches,andfirewalls;

CloudPlatformFamiliarity:Gainexperiencewithcloudplatformsbysettingupandarrangingcloudresources;

assistinplanningthemigrationofpre-storedapplicationsandworkloadstothecloud:

ServerandNetworkTroubleshooting:Leamtotroubleshootnetworkproblems,suchasslowconnectionsor

connectionlost;

Documentation:Helpupdateandmaintainnetworkdocumentation,includingnetworkdiagramsanddevice

inven(ories;-UserSupportandTroubleshooting:Providebasicusersupport,includingpasswordresetsandaccount

creation,andlearnabouthelpdeskticketingsystems;

Requirements

Youmustbeatleast20yearsoldtoapply.

YouhaverecentlygraduatedwithaMaster'sdegreeorPhD,12monthspriortothestartoftheinternship;You

shouldhaveanexcellentcommand,bothwrittenandspoken,ofEnglishorFrench.Aworkingknowledgeoftheother

language(EnglishorFrench)isanadvantage;Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofcomputersystemsandoffice-

relatedsoftware.

ApplicantsneedtoregisteranaccountforUNESCDandentertheapplicationprocessaftercompletingtheir

personalinformationresume.IntheApplicationinformationifyouwanttodothisjoboffline,selectdutystation:

China.Beijing.

25.TheDigitalBureauSolutionisto.

A.controltheAssistantDirectorGeneraltoAdministration

B.improvemoreintegratedprojectandknowledgemanagement

C.createaflexibleITinfrastructure,andgoodservicemanagement

D.offerstrengthenedcybersecurityanddigitalriskmanagement.

26.BeinganinterninUNESCO,onewillhelpto.

A.monitornetworkperformanceanddiagnoseconnectivityissues

B.gainexperiencewithcloudplatformsbyplanningtheapplications

C.updateandmaintainnetworkdocumentationfbrnetworkdiagrams

D.providebasicusersupportbylearningabouthelpdeskticketingsystems

27.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?

A.Beingyounger（han20yearsoldwhenapplying.

B.HavingaMaster'sdegreeorPhDwhileapplying.

C.CommandingEnglishandFrenchexcellently,bothwrittenandspoken.

D.Havingarichknowledgeofcomputersystemsandoffice-relatedsoftware.

【答案】25.D26.A27.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了一個數(shù)字業(yè)務解決方案實習生項目，包括職責和申請要求等。

【25題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"TheteamoverseestheimplementationofUNESO'sdigitalstrategy,withthedeliveryof

moreintegratedandproperlydesigned,projectandknowledgemanagementinsupportofprogrammedelivery;the

supplyofaflexibleITinfrastructure（基礎是設），andhest-in-classservicemanagementtoenableeffectiveprogramme

delivery;andthesupplyofstrengthenedcybersecurityanddigitalriskmanagement.（該團隊監(jiān)督教科文組織數(shù)字戰(zhàn)

略的實施，提供更綜合、設計更合理的項目和知識管理，以支持項目的實施；提供靈活的IT基礎建設，以及

一流的服務管理，以有效推行計劃；加強網(wǎng)絡安全和數(shù)字風險管理）”可知，“數(shù)字局解決方案”旨在加強網(wǎng)

絡安全和數(shù)字風險管理。故選D。

26題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Jobresponsibilities部分中NetworkMonitoringandArrangsment:Assistinmonitoringnetwork

performanceanddiagnosingconnectivityissuesusingnetworkmonitoringtools（網(wǎng)絡監(jiān)控和安排：使用網(wǎng)絡監(jiān)控工

具協(xié)助監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡性能和診斷連接問題）”可知，在聯(lián)合國教科文組織實習，將有助于監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡性能并診斷連接

問題c故選A。

【27題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Requirements部分中“Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofcomputersystemsandoffice-

relatedsoftware.（你必須精通計算機系統(tǒng)和辦公軟件）”可知，應聘者必須具備豐富的計算機系統(tǒng)和辦公軟件知

識。B項HavingaMaster'sdegreeorPhDwhileapplying.（申請時具有碩士或博士學位）與原文中的"Youhave

recentlygraduatedwithaMaster'sdegreeorPhD,12monthspriortothestartoftheinternship（在實習開始前12個

月，獲得碩士或博士學位）”時間不一致，由此排除B項。故選D。

C

EVsareinthemiddleofanobesityepidemic

Fisker,anelectricvehicle,unveiledthefutureline-uponAugust3rd.Itincluded:asouped-up,off-roadversionof

theOcean.ThoughFiskersayssustainabilityisoneofitsfoundingprinciples,itisindulginginatraitalmostuniversal

amongcarfirms:buildingbigger,strongercars,evenwhentheyareelectric.

Therearetworeasonsforthis.Thefirstisprofit.Aswithconventionalcars,biggerEVsgeneratehighermargins.

Thesecondisconsumerpreference.Fordecades,drivershavebeenoptingforSUVsandpickuptrucksratherthansmaller

cars,andthisnowappliestobattery-chargedones.EVdrivers,whoworryabouttheavailabilityofcharginginfrastructure,

wantmorerange,hencebiggerbatteries.Thatmayhelpmakeforamorereassuringride.Buteventuallythesupersizing

trendwillprovetobeunsustainableandunsafe.

Fornow,carmakerscanarguethathoweverbigtheelectricrigs,theyhaveapositiveimpactontheplanet.Though

manufacturingEVs—includingsourcingthemetalsandminerals(hatgointothem—generatesmoregreenhousegases

thanaconventionalcar,theyquicklycompensatefbrthatthrough(heabsenceoftailpipeemissions.

Butinthelongrunthetrendfbrbiggerbutteriesmaybackfire,foreconomicandenvironmentalreasons.First,the

biggerthebattery,themorepressuretherewillbeonthesupplychain.Ifbatterysizesincreasetherearelikelytobe

loomingseareitlesoflithiumandnickel.Thatwillpushupthecostofbatteries,underminingcarmakers'

profitability.Second,tochargebiggerbatteriesinacarbon-neutralwayrequiresmorelow-carbonelectricity.Thatmay

createbottlenecksonthegrid.Third,themorepressureonscarceresourcesvitalfbrEVproduction,theharderitwillbe

tomakeaffordableelectriccarscriticalfbrelectrifyingthemassmarket.Thatwillslowtheoveralldecarbonisationof

transport.Finally,thereissafety.Notonlyisabattletankthatdoeszeroto100kilometresperhourintheblinkofaneye

aliabilityforanyonethathappenstobeinitsway.

GovernmentshavewaystoencourageEVstoshrink.Themostimportantistosupporttheexpansionofcharging

infrastructure,whichwouldreducerangeanxietyandpromotesmallercars.Taxescouldpunishheaviervehiclesand

subsidiescouldpromotelighterones.

Ultimately,theindustryisalmostsuretorealisethefollyofpursuingsizeforitsownsake.Thepennyisstartingto

drop.Ford'sCEO,JimFarley,recentlysaidcarmakerscouldnotmakemoneywiththelongest-rangebatteries.His

oppositenumberatGeneralMotors,MaryBarra,hastakentheunexpectedstepofreversingaplantoretiretheaffordable

ChevyBoltEV.InEurope,carmakerslikeVolkswagenarebuildingsmaller,cheaperEVs.Teslaissaidtobeplanninga

compactmodelmadeinMexico.

28.ConsumerswantEVswithmorerangeandbiggerbatteriesbecause.

A.theycanbringmoreprofits

B.theycanreducetailpipeemissions

C.theyaremoresecure

D.thereareinsufficientchargingfacilitiesfbrthem

29.Fromthepassage,weknowthat.

A.Risingcostofbatterieswillincreaseprofitability

B.ConventionalcarsproducemoregreenhousegasesthanEVsinproduction

C.Biggerbatteriesmaycreatemorepressureonthesupplychain

D.ThedemandonscarceresourcesinEVsmakeselectriccarsmoreaffordable

30.Whatisthepassagetryingtotellus?

A.Lighterelectricvehiclesshouldbeencouraged.

B.Bigger,strongercarsaresaferandmoresustainable.

C.Suoersizingelectricvehicleshaveapositiveimpactontheplanet.

D.EVswithbiggerbatteriesmayhelpmakefbramorecomfortableride.

【答案】28.D29.C30.A

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇議論文C文章主要對電動汽車行業(yè)當前的趨勢進行了分析和評論，特別是對■制造更大、更

強的電動汽車這一現(xiàn)象的剖析，指出超大型電動汽車趨勢的不可持續(xù)性和潛在危害。

【28題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Thesecondisconsumerpreference.Fordecades,drivershavebeenoptingfbrSUVs

andpickuptrucksratherthansmallercars,andthisnowappliestobattery-chargedones.EVdrivers,whoworryabout

theavailabilityofcharginginfrastructure,wantmorerange,hencebiggerbatteries.（第二是消費者偏好。幾十年來，

司機們一直選擇SUV和皮卡，而不是較小的汽車，現(xiàn)在這也適用于電池充電的汽車。電動汽車司機擔心充電設

施的可用性，他們想要更大的續(xù)航里程，因此需要更大的電池。這可能有助于讓市場更加放心。）”可知，消費

者想要續(xù)航里程更長、電池容量更大的電動汽車是因為電動汽車司機擔心充電設施的可用性。由此可知，他們

是擔心沒有足夠的充電設施。故選D。

【29題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段"First,thebiggerthebattery,themorepressuretherewillbeonthesupplychain.If

batterysizesincreasetherearelikelytobeloomingscarcitiesoflithiumandnickel.Thatwillpushupthecostoflithium-

ionbatteries,underminingcarmakers,profitability.CS*7t?電池越大，供應鏈的壓力就越大。如果電池尺寸增大，

可能會出現(xiàn)大量的鋰和銀。這將推高鋰離子電池的成本，削弱汽車制造商的盈利能力。）”可知，更大的電池可

能會給供應鏈帶來更大的壓力。故選C。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Butinthelongrunthetrendfbrbiggerbutteriesmaybackfire,fbreconomicand

environmentalreasons.（但從長遠來看，出于經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境的原因，更大電池的趨勢可能會適得其反。）”以及最后

一段"Ullimalely,theindustryisalmostsuretorealisethefbllyofpursuingsizefbritsownsake.（最終，該行業(yè)幾乎

肯定會意識到，為了自身利益而追求規(guī)模是多么愚蠢。）”再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，在文章中，作者分析了制造更

大、更強電動汽車的兩個主要原因——利潤和消費者偏好，并指出了這種趨勢的潛在問題，包括對供應鏈的壓

力、電網(wǎng)的瓶頸、資源的壓力以及安全問題。文章還提到了一些汽車制造商王在轉(zhuǎn)向生產(chǎn)更小、更便宜的電動

汽車的趨勢。這些都表明，文章的主要觀點是鼓勵制造更輕型的電動汽車，而不是繼續(xù)追求更大、更重的車型。

故選A。

D

Itisrapidlyemergingasoneofthemostimportanttechnological,andincreasinglyideological,dividesofourtimes:

shouldpowerfulgenerativeartificialintelligencesystemsbeopenorclosed?

Supporterssaytheybroadenaccesstothetechnology,stimulateinnovationandimprovereliabilitybyencouraging

outsidescrutiny.Farcheapertodevelopanddeploy,smalleropenmodelsalsoinjectcompetitionintoafielddominated

bybigUScompaniessuchasGoogle.MicrosoftandOpenAIthathaveinvestedbillionsdevelopingmassive,closedand

closelycontrolledgenerativeAlsystems.

ButdetractorsargueopenmodelsriskliftingthelidonaPandora'sboxoftroubles.Badactorscanexploitthemto

spreadpersonaliseddisinformation,whileterroristsmightusethemtomanufacturecyberorbioweapons.44Thedanger

ofopensourceisthatitenablesmorecraziestodocrazythings,“GeoffreyHinton,oneofthepioneersofmodemAI,

haswarned.

ThehistoryofOpenAI,whichdevelopedthepopularChatGPTchatbot,isitselfinstructive.Asitsnamesuggests,

theresearchcompanywasfoundedin2015withacommitmenttodevelopthetechnologyasopenlyaspossible.Butit

laterabandonedthatapproachforbothcompetitiveandsafetyreasons.OnceOpenAIrealisedthatitsgenerativeAI

modelsweregoingtobe“unbelievablypotenf\itmadelittlesensetoopensource:hem,IlyaSutskever,OpenAFschief

scientistsaid.

Supportersofopenmodelshitback,ridiculingtheideathatopengenerativeAImodelsenablepeopletoaccess

informationtheycouldnototherwisefindfromtheinternetoraroguescientist.Theyalsohighlightthecompetitive

self-interestofthebigtechcompaniesinshoutingaboutthedangersofopenmodels,whoseintentionistoestablishtheir

ownmarketdominancestrongly.

Butthereisanideologicaldimensiontothisdebate,too.YannLeCun,chiefscientistofMeta,haslikenedthe

argumentsforcontrollingthetechnologytomedievalobscurantism（蒙昧主義）：thebeliefthatonlyaself-selecting

priesthoodofexpertsiswiseenoughtohancleknowledge.

Inthefuture,allourinteractionswiththevastdigitalrepositoryofhumanknowledgewillbemediatedthroughAl

systems.Wes