DB3705Technicalspecificationsforsurveyingmonitoringofwaterbirdsandtheirhabitats 本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定本文件由東營市自然資源和規(guī)劃局提出、歸口并組水鳥及棲息地調(diào)查監(jiān)測技術(shù)規(guī)程HJ710.4《生物多樣性觀測技術(shù)4工作流程5.1調(diào)查對(duì)象5.2調(diào)查類型a)常規(guī)調(diào)查：根據(jù)鄭光美等《中國鳥類分類與分布名錄第四版》，常規(guī)調(diào)查包括東營市境內(nèi)常b)專項(xiàng)調(diào)查：包括國家一級(jí)保護(hù)野生鳥類東方白鸛、白鶴、丹頂鶴等。5.3調(diào)查要求c)專項(xiàng)調(diào)查根據(jù)特定物種的活動(dòng)規(guī)律、活動(dòng)區(qū)域等開展調(diào)查。專項(xiàng)調(diào)查應(yīng)同常規(guī)調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)表保d)繁殖期調(diào)查根據(jù)物種繁殖時(shí)間、繁殖區(qū)域等開展調(diào)查。調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)用專用數(shù)據(jù)表統(tǒng)計(jì)記錄，統(tǒng)坐標(biāo)、水鳥種類、成體數(shù)量、幼體數(shù)量、調(diào)查時(shí)間、觀f)紅外相機(jī)法要求紅外相機(jī)固定在離地面1m-2m，1個(gè)月-2個(gè)月取一次儲(chǔ)存數(shù)據(jù)。g)視頻監(jiān)控法主要用于鳥類繁殖巢、重要棲息地監(jiān)測。5.4調(diào)查方法因調(diào)查區(qū)域分布和大小等實(shí)際情況包括直接計(jì)數(shù)法、樣線法、紅外相機(jī)法、視頻監(jiān)控法、GSM法a)直接計(jì)數(shù)法：根據(jù)調(diào)查區(qū)域地形、地貌以及水鳥的群聚情況，設(shè)置觀測點(diǎn)數(shù)量，并確定每個(gè)使用望遠(yuǎn)鏡進(jìn)行觀察，記錄下所有觀察到的水鳥種類及其c)紅外相機(jī)法：針對(duì)穩(wěn)定的鳥類棲息地，安裝紅外相機(jī)監(jiān)測水鳥種類種群。d)視頻監(jiān)控法：可安裝選用熱成像、紅外e)GSM法：對(duì)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的個(gè)體，佩戴衛(wèi)星跟蹤器，進(jìn)行水鳥活動(dòng)范圍和活動(dòng)節(jié)律跟蹤監(jiān)測。f)無人機(jī)法：野外觀測過程對(duì)于人員和車輛很難達(dá)到的區(qū)域，可借助無人機(jī)開展水鳥調(diào)查。b)受干擾類型（人為干擾、牲畜干擾、建筑干擾和其他干擾）、干擾強(qiáng)度（強(qiáng)、中、弱）、受d)典型物種（東方白鸛、大濱鷸、白腰杓鷸、大杓鷸等）的空間分布特征。a)棲息地調(diào)查同水鳥調(diào)查同步開展；b)通過直接觀察、野外拍照與視頻記錄相結(jié)合的方法記錄水鳥棲息地特征信息；目科1234Podicepsgrisegena5Podicepscristatus6Podicepsauritus7Podicepsnigricollis8Pelecanuscrispus9PhalacrocoraxcarboPhalacrocoraxcapillatusPhalacrocoraxpelagicusArdeacinereaArdeapurpureaArdeaalbaEgrettagarzettaBubulcusibisArdeolabacchusButoridesstriatusBlack-crownedNight-HNycticoraxnycticoraxIxobrychussinensisIxobrychuseurhythmusIxobrychuscinnamomeusBotaurusstellarisPlatalealeucorodiaPlataleaminorAnsercygnoidesAnserfabalisAnseralbifronsLesserWhite-frontedGoAnsererythropusAnseranserAnsercaerulescensBrantaberniclaTadornaferrugineaAixgalericulataAnaspenelopeAnasfalcataAnasstreperaAnasformosaAnascreccaAnasplatyrhynchosAnaspoecilorhynchaAnasacutaAnasquerquedulaAnasclypeataNettarufinaAythyaferinaAythyabaeriAythyanyrocaAythyafuligulaAythyamarilaMelanittafuscaBucephalaclangulaMergellusalbellusMergusserratorMergusmerganserMergussquamatusAnthropoidesvirgoGrusjaponensisRallusaquaticusAmaurornisphoenicurusPorzanapusillaPorzanafuscaPorzanapaykulliiFulicaatraRostratulabenghalensisHaematopusostralegusHimantopushimantopusRecurvirostraavosettaNorthernLapwingVanellusvanellusPacificGoldenPlovPluvialisfulvaPluvialissquatarolaCharadriushiaticulaCharadriusplacidusScolopaxrusticolaLymnocryptesminimusGallinagogallinagoLimnodromussemipalmatusLimosalimosaLimosalapponicaNumeniusminutusNumeniusphaeopusNumeniusarquataNumeniusmadagascariensisTringastagnatilisNordmann'sGreenshankXenuscinereusActitishypoleucosHeteroscelusbrevipesArenariainterpresCalidrisferrugineaLimicolafalcinellusRuffPhilomachuspugnaxLaruscrassirostrisLaruscanusLarusvegaeLaruscachinnansLarusschistisagusLarusichthyaetusLarusbrunnicephalusLarusridibundusLarussaundersiLarusrelictusHydro