必修4Unit2Workingtheland李仕才一、閱讀理解ATheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)governmentannouncedithadelected60“ChiefHappinessOfficers”tostudyhappinessandhowtospreaditabroad.Currentlyranked28thoutofover150countriessurveyedintheUnitedNations'2016WorldHappinessReport,theUAEwantstositwithinthetopfiveby2021.“Weseektocreateasocietywhereourpeople'shappinessisprimary，”declaredtheUAE'sVicePresidentandPrimeMinister.Sincethenewministertookoffice,peopleworkinginthecivilservicehaveattendedaseriesofhappinessseminarstolearnmoreabouttheplan.DubaiPolicehasrenameditsmunityservicedepartmentthe“GeneralDepartmentformunityHappiness”andtheforceoftenadds#YourSecurityOurHappinesstotheirtweets(用推特發(fā)送的信息).Meanwhile,variousgovernmentagencieshavechangedthelanguageoftheircustomersurveystofindoutifpeopleare“happyratherthanjustsatisfied”withtheservices,andsomehaveinvestigatedsocialmediafollowerstoseeiftheirInstagramandFacebookpostsbringhappiness.MeikWiking,anindependentthinktankinDenmark,thecountrywhichtopstheUN'shappytable,thinksgovernmentscanandshouldplayaroleinpublichappiness.“Theaimofpublicpolicyshouldbetoimprovethequalityoflifeforpeople，”hesays.SoniaEdwards,whohaslivedintheUAEforoveradecade,says：“Ithinkit'sabitofapublicrelationsgimmicktobehonest.IthinkthegovernmentwantstobeseentobemakingthingsbetterthroughthisplanbutIdon'tknowhowmucheffectitwillreallyhave.”EdwardsinDubaiadds：“Therearealotofissuesherearoundjobinsecurity,workplacediscrimination,highrentsandexpensiveschoolfees,soifthoseweredealtwith,we'dallbehappier,butoverall,happinessisnotjustuptothegovernment,it'salsouptoindividualsandtheirownmindsets.”【文章大意】阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長(zhǎng)國(guó)采取措施，致力于提升人們的幸福感，人們對(duì)此有不同的看法。8.WhatdoestheUAEgovernmentintendtodo?A．Createaperfectsociety.B．Buildahappiercountry.C．Promoteinternationaltrades.D．Showitsstatusintheworld.答案與解析：B'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Currentlyranked28th...theUAEwantstositwithinthetopfiveby2021.‘Weseektocreateasocietywhereourpeople'shappinessisprimary’”可知，阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長(zhǎng)國(guó)在2016年聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)布的世界幸福報(bào)告中排在第28位，它想在2021年之前進(jìn)入前五名，因此該國(guó)政府在采取措施，致力于提升人們的幸福感，即打造一個(gè)更幸福的國(guó)度。1.WhatisoneofthemeasurestheUAEtakes?A．Holdhappinessseminarsforcivilservants.B．Givegovernmentagenciesnewnames.C．Lookthroughpeople'sonlineposts.D．Changethedailylanguage.答案與解析：A'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Sincethenewministertookoffice,peopleworkinginthecivilservicehaveattendedaseriesofhappinessseminarstolearnmoreabouttheplan.”可知，新總理上臺(tái)之后，公務(wù)員參加了一系列有關(guān)幸福的研討會(huì)以更多地了解這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，故選A。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gimmick”inParagraph4mean?A．Improvement.B．Principle.C．Transformation.D．Trick.答案與解析：D'考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“it'sabitofapublicrelations...”和其后的“IthinkthegovernmentwantstobeseentobemakingthingsbetterthroughthisplanbutIdon'tknowhowmucheffectitwillreallyhave.”可知，SoniaEdwards認(rèn)為政府此舉意在通過這個(gè)計(jì)劃讓人們看到他們正在使事情變得更好，但她不知道這個(gè)計(jì)劃究竟會(huì)有多大效果，故可以推斷她認(rèn)為此舉是公共關(guān)系的花招，是在作秀。3.WhatmightMeikWikingandEdwardsbothagreewith?A．Thegovernmentmissesthepoint.B．Happinessissomewhatsubjective.C．Policymakerscountastopeople'swell-being.D．Theeffectsofthehappinessplanareuncertain.答案與解析：C'考查推理判斷。由第三段中的“governmentscanandshouldplayaroleinpublichappiness‘Theaimofpublicpolicyshouldbetoimprovethequalityoflifeforpeople’”和最后一段中的Edwards所說的話尤其是“ifthoseweredealtwith,we'dallbehappier,butoverall,happinessisnotjustuptothegovernment”可知，他們可能都贊同的是，政策制定者在人們的幸福方面起著重要作用。BRecentmonthshaveseenarevivalofthehumble(普通的)bikeacrossChina,withanincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosingpedaling(騎車)insteadofdrivingtoschool,toworkplacesortodosightseeing.Theintroductionofbikesharingsystems,servicesinwhichbicyclesaremadeavailableforsharedusetoindividualswhodonotownthemandpioneeredbystartupslikeOfoandMobike,hasbroughtthetrendtoanewlevel.WashingtonD.C.hasoneofthebiggestbikesharingsystemsintheUSwith3,700bikesand440stations.TheUK,FranceandGermanyallhavegrowingprograms.However,China,sofar,outdoes(超過)themallbyoperatingthreeoutoffouroftheworld’sshardbikes.Peoplecanunlocktheshardbikesbysimplyusingtheirsmartphone.ThebikesareequippedwithGPSandusersofChina’sversionscanleavebikesanywhereinpublicforthenextuser.They’repopularamongmanyChinesepeopleastheyprovideaneffectivesolutiontothe“l(fā)astmile”problem,whichreferstothefinallegofaperson’sjourney.However,theChineseprogramshavealsoledtoproblemssuchasillegalparking,vandalism(故意破壞)andtheft.Infact,theseproblemsarealsosharedbybikesharingprogramsabroad.Launchedin2007,VéilbisalargescalepublicbikesharingsysteminParis.Atitsearlystageofoperation,italsosufferedfromproblemsofvandalismortheft.ByOct2009,alargenumberofVélib’sinitialbikeshadtobereplacedduetovandalismortheft,accordingtoTheNewYorkTimes.Todealwiththeseproblems,thepanycameupwiththeideaofencouragingpeopletoreturnthebikestostationsbyrewardingfreetimefortheirnextrides.Now,Chineseserviceoperatorsarealsotryingtoaddresstheseproblems.Forexample,Mobikesetsa100pointcreditscoreforeachuser,withpointstakeninthecaseofbadbehavior.Onceascoredropsbelow80,bikerentalisincreasedto100yuanper30minutes,upfrom0.51yuan.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutbikesharingsystems?A.Theyofferfreebikerides.B.Theyarerunningperfectly.C.Chinaoperatesthebiggestsystem.D.Francewasthefirsttolaunchthesystem.2.Asameansoftransportation,bikesharingcanbebestdescribedas_______.A.promisingbutexpensive. B.convenientandecofriendly.C.ecofriendlybutineffective. D.troublesomeandmeaningless.3.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SharedBikesPedalintoStyle.B.ProblemswithBikesinChina.C.SharedBikesAttractYoungPeople.D.TransportationChangeswiththeTimes.【文章大意】本文為說明文。講述的是共享單車成為一種新的趨勢(shì)，并介紹了它的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。2.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知共享單車方便而且環(huán)保，故選B。3.A【解析】主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知本文講的是共享單車成為一種新的趨勢(shì)，與A項(xiàng)一致，故選A。二、七選五Inourfastworldofphones，faxmachinesandputers，theold-fashionedartofletterwritingisatriskofdisappearingaltogether.1Thereistheexcitementofitsarrival，thepleasureofseeingwhoitisfromand，finally，theenjoymentofthecontents.LetterwritinghasbeenpartofmylifeforaslongasIcanremember.ItprobablybeganwiththelittlenotesIwouldwritetomymother.Mymother，also，alwaysinsistedIwritemyownthank-youlettersforChristmasandbirthdaypresents.2WhenIlefthomeat18totrainasadoctorinLondon，Iwouldwriteonceaweek，andsowouldmymother.Occasionallymyfatherwouldwriteanditwasalwaysajoytoreceivehislong，amusingletters.3Ofcourse，wealsomadephonecallsbutitisthelettersthatIremembermost.Therewerealsolettersfrommyboyfriends.InmyyouthIseemedtoattractpeoplewhohadtoworkorstudyawayatsometimeandwewereonlyabletostayintouchbyletter.4IfoundthatIcouldoftenexpressmyselfmoreeasilyinwritingthanbytalking.IlovethelettersthatewithbirthdayorChristmascards.Notesareappreciated，buthowmuchbettertohaveayear'ssupplyofnews！Andit'sbetterstillwhenit'sanairmailenvelopewithbeautifulstamps.5Likemymotherbeforeme，Iinsisttheywritetheirownthank-youletters.Mydaughterwritestomelittleletters，justasIdidtomymother.Istronglyurgereadersnottoallowletterwritingtobeeanother“l(fā)ostart”．A．Poorhandwritingcanspoil(破壞)yourenjoymentofaletter.B．Wehadbeencorresponding(通信)for29yearsbuthadnevermet.C．Iampleasedthatmychildrenarecarryingonthetradition.D．Itdidn'tmatterhowshortoruntidytheywereaslongastheywereletters.E．Butinsteadofharmingtherelationships，letterwritingseemedtoimprovethem.F．Yet，tome，receivingalettercannotbematchedbyanyotherformofmunication.G．Thelettersfromhomecontainedjusteverydayeventsconcerningmyparentsandtheirfriends.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要介紹了作者對(duì)書信這種溝通方式的青睞和對(duì)書信藝術(shù)逐漸消失的擔(dān)憂。1．F[根據(jù)下句“Thereistheexcitementofitsarrival，thepleasureofseeingwhoitisfromand，finally，theenjoymentofthecontents.”可推知，收到信對(duì)作者來講是一件無比愉悅的事情，所以選F項(xiàng)。]2．D[根據(jù)本段第一句“LetterwritinghasbeenpartofmylifeforaslongasIcanremember.”可知，書信是作者生活中不可或缺的一部分，對(duì)她來說，只要是信就好，無論多短或多不整潔，所以選D項(xiàng)。]3．G[根據(jù)上文可知，作者和父母通信，由此可推知，這些信都是關(guān)于父母的一些生活瑣事以及他們的朋友的狀況的，所以選G項(xiàng)。]4．E[根據(jù)下句“IfoundthatIcouldoftenexpressmyselfmoreeasilyinwritingthanbytalking.”可推知，此處應(yīng)描述書信溝通的優(yōu)勢(shì)，與上文的“InmyyouthIseemedtoattractpeoplewhohadtoworkorstudyawayatsometimeandwewereonlyabletostayintouchbyletter.”呼應(yīng)，所以選E項(xiàng)。]5．C[根據(jù)下文的“Mydaughterwritestomelittleletters，justasIdidtomymother.”可知，作者自己的孩子也像作者一樣繼承了寫信的傳統(tǒng)，所以選C項(xiàng)。]三、短文改錯(cuò)ItwasonawarmautumndaythatmyfatherandIwalkintomynewhighschool.Afterregisteredintheclassroom，thevolunteertookmetomydormitory.AltogetherIhadfiveroommates，twoofwhicharrivedlater.Igottoknowmynewroommateimmediately.AlthoughIwasquiteunwillingtosay“Goodbye”tomyfather，buthehadtoleavetohome.IsuddenlyrealizedIhadgrownupandthatIhadtolookaftermeandliveindependently.NotuntilthenIknowmyseniorhighschoollifehadrealbegun.【答案】ItwasonawarmautumndaythatmyfatherandIeq\f(walk,walked)intomynewhighschool.Aftereq\f(registered,registering)intheclassroom，eq\f(the,a)volunteertookmetomydormitory.AltogetherIhadfiveroommates，twoofeq\f(which,whom)arrivedlater.Igottoknowmyneweq\f(roommate,roommates)immediately.AlthoughIwasquiteunwillingtosay“Goodbye”tomyfather，eq\f(but,yet)/eq\o(﹨,but)hehadtoleaveeq\f(to,for)home.IsuddenlyrealizedIhadgrownupandthatIhadtolookaftereq\f(me,myself)andliveindependently.Notuntiltheneq\o(\s\up8(∧),did)Iknowmyseniorhighschoollifehadeq\f(real,really)begun.第一處：walk→walked?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Itwasonawarmautumnday”可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。第二處：registered→registering?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。after是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。第三處：the→a?？疾楣谠~。volunteer是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在文中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾。第四處：which→whom?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用whom引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞fiveroommates。第五處：roommate→roommates?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。由上文的“Ihadfiveroommates”可知，室友不止一個(gè)，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。第六處：刪除but或?qū)ut改為yet?？疾檫B詞。在英語(yǔ)中，although和but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中，故刪除but。也可將but改為yet。補(bǔ)充：此處也可將Although刪掉，但是語(yǔ)意上沒有修改but好。第七處：leave后的to改為for?？疾榻樵~。leavefor意為“前往”，為固定詞組，符合語(yǔ)境。第八處：me→myself?？疾榇~。與句子主語(yǔ)I呼應(yīng)，應(yīng)用反身代詞，意為“照顧好自己”。第九處：then后加did。考查倒裝句。notuntil置于句首時(shí)，常采用部分倒裝，即把助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then和下文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處用一般過去時(shí)，故用did。第十處：real→really?？疾楦痹~。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞，故將real改為really。四、短文語(yǔ)法填空Noonelovesmemorethanmyparents,especiallymyfather.Myfatherisstoutandstrong,1aseverelookonhisfaceandkeenexpressiveeyes.Atfirstsightyoumayfeelhimhard2(approach).Infactheisverykindandconsiderate.Ibelievemyfatherisa3(talent)man.Heisdecisiveandefficientindoingthings.Byhisowntalentsandyearsofefforts,he4(provide)hisfamilywithagoodsocialpositionanda5(relative)richlife.Besides,heli