Unit1Readingclub1課文講解及句子成分分析一.課文及翻譯：Afternoontea下午茶PeoplebelievethatanEnglishDuchessfirstintroducedtheideaofafternoontea.人們認(rèn)為是一位英國公爵夫人首次提出了下午茶的概念。HernamewasAnnaRussell(17831857),andshewasthe7thDuchessofBedford.她名叫安娜·羅素（17831857），是貝德福德第七任公爵夫人。Inthe18thand19thcenturies,mostEnglishpeopleateonlytwomainmealseachdaybreakfastinthemorningandalargesupperwhichwasn'tusuallyserveduntilseveno'clockintheevening.在18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)，大多數(shù)英國人每天只吃兩頓主餐——早餐在早上，而一頓豐盛的晚餐則通常要到晚上七點(diǎn)鐘才供應(yīng)。Asaresult,peopleoftengotveryhungryduringthelongbreakbetweenthesetwomeals.因此，在這兩餐之間的長時(shí)間間隔里，人們經(jīng)常會(huì)感到非常饑餓。TheDuchesscameupwith2acleverideatosolvethisproblem.公爵夫人想出了一個(gè)聰明的辦法來解決這個(gè)問題。Sheinvitedsomeofherfriendstojoinherforanafternoonmeal.她邀請(qǐng)了一些朋友加入她的下午茶會(huì)。Themealwasheldbetweenfourandfiveo'clock.茶會(huì)安排在四點(diǎn)到五點(diǎn)之間。Itincludedcakesandsandwiches,andteawasservedtowashdownthefood.茶會(huì)上有蛋糕和三明治，還有茶來佐餐。Tomaketheafternoonmealmoreimportant,sheusedcupsandplatesmadeoffinechina,andteapots,knives,forksandspoonsmadeofsilver.為了讓下午茶會(huì)更加重要，她使用了精致的瓷器杯盤，以及銀制的茶壺、刀叉和勺子。Afternoonteapartiessoonbecamepopularsocialoccasions,whichisatrendthatcontinuestoday.下午茶會(huì)很快成為了流行的社交場合，這一趨勢一直延續(xù)到今天。TheystillplayanimportantpartinthesociallifeinmodernBritain.它們?cè)诂F(xiàn)代英國的社會(huì)生活中仍然扮演著重要的角色。YumCha飲茶Goingforyumchaordimsumisapracticethathasbeeincreasinglypopularinthewesternworldbutwhatdoesitmean?飲茶或吃點(diǎn)心在西方國家越來越受歡迎——但這到底是什么意思呢？Yumchaliterallytranslatesto"drinktea",anditisthepracticeofgoingtoarestauranttoeatdimsumbitesizedportionsoffood,usuallysteamedorfried.飲茶字面意思是“喝茶”，是指去餐館吃點(diǎn)心——通常是蒸的或炸的小份食物。PeopleinsouthernChinagotoyumchawithfamilyandfriendsitisatimetorelaxandcatchupinalaidbackenvironment.中國南方的人們會(huì)和家人朋友一起去飲茶——這是一個(gè)在輕松的環(huán)境中放松和敘舊的好時(shí)機(jī)。ThemostpopulartimetogoforyumchaislatemorningorwhatisknownintheWestasbrunch".最受歡迎的飲茶時(shí)間是上午晚些時(shí)候——在西方被稱為“早午餐”。Infact,somesaythatbrunchwasinspiredbyyumcha.事實(shí)上，有人說早午餐是受飲茶啟發(fā)的。ItisbelievedthatthecustombeganthousandsofyearsagowhenteahousesstartedcroppingupalongtheSilkRoadtoproviderestforwearytravellers.據(jù)信，這種習(xí)俗始于數(shù)千年前，當(dāng)時(shí)茶館開始沿著絲綢之路涌現(xiàn)，為疲憊的旅人提供休息之所。Later,itwasdiscoveredthatteaaidsdigestion,soteahouseownersstartedofferingsnackswiththeirteaandyumchawasborn.后來，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)茶有助于消化，于是茶館老板開始提供茶點(diǎn)，飲茶就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。二.課文句子成分分析及知識(shí)點(diǎn)：PeoplebelievethatanEnglishDuchessfirstintroducedtheideaofafternoontea.句子成分分析:主語:People謂語:believe賓語從句:thatanEnglishDuchessfirstintroducedtheideaofafternoontea主語:anEnglishDuchess謂語:introduced賓語:theideaofafternoontea狀語:first知識(shí)點(diǎn):賓語從句:由that引導(dǎo)，解釋believe的內(nèi)容。引入（introduce）的用法，表示“首次提出或引入某事物”。短語及拓展:theideaof:表示“……的想法/概念”，可以拓展為theimportanceof,thehistoryof等。afternoontea:下午茶，一種文化習(xí)俗，常在下午四點(diǎn)左右享用茶點(diǎn)。HernamewasAnnaRussell(17831857),andshewasthe7thDuchessofBedford.句子成分分析:并列句，由并列連詞and連接兩個(gè)簡單句。第一個(gè)簡單句:HernamewasAnnaRussell(17831857)主語:Hername謂語:was表語:AnnaRussell(17831857)第二個(gè)簡單句:shewasthe7thDuchessofBedford主語:she謂語:was表語:the7thDuchessofBedford知識(shí)點(diǎn):并列句:使用and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)簡單句，表達(dá)多個(gè)相關(guān)的意思。表語:用于說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)。短語及拓展:the7thDuchessofBedford:第七任貝德福德公爵夫人，注意序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the。(17831857):表示時(shí)間范圍，常用于說明人物的生卒年份。Inthe18thand19thcenturies,mostEnglishpeopleateonlytwomainmealseachdaybreakfastinthemorningandalargesupperwhichwasn'tusuallyserveduntilseveno'clockintheevening.句子成分分析:時(shí)間狀語:Inthe18thand19thcenturies主句:mostEnglishpeopleateonlytwomainmealseachday主語:mostEnglishpeople謂語:ate賓語:twomainmeals狀語:only,eachday插入語:breakfastinthemorningandalargesupperwhichwasn'tusuallyserveduntilseveno'clockintheevening并列賓語:breakfastinthemorning,alargesupper定語從句:whichwasn'tusuallyserveduntilseveno'clockintheevening，修飾alargesupper知識(shí)點(diǎn):插入語:用于對(duì)句子進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，通常與主句用破折號(hào)或逗號(hào)隔開。定語從句:由which引導(dǎo)，修飾先行詞alargesupper，說明晚餐的通常服務(wù)時(shí)間。短語及拓展:inthemorning:早上，表示時(shí)間，可拓展為intheafternoon,intheevening等。untilseveno'clockintheevening:直到晚上七點(diǎn)，表示時(shí)間持續(xù)到某個(gè)點(diǎn)。Asaresult,peopleoftengotveryhungryduringthelongbreakbetweenthesetwomeals.句子成分分析:狀語:Asaresult主句:peopleoftengotveryhungry主語:people謂語:got表語:veryhungry時(shí)間狀語:duringthelongbreakbetweenthesetwomeals知識(shí)點(diǎn):Asaresult:因此，表示結(jié)果或結(jié)論。get+形容詞:表示變得某種狀態(tài)，此處為“變得非常餓”。短語及拓展:between...and...:表示兩者之間的范圍或關(guān)系，可拓展為betweenyouandme,betweenthetwocountries等。duringthelongbreak:在長時(shí)間的間隔中，表示在某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)。TheDuchesscameupwithacleverideatosolvethisproblem.句子成分分析：主語：TheDuchess謂語：cameupwith賓語：acleveridea目的狀語：tosolvethisproblem知識(shí)點(diǎn)："eupwith"意為“提出，想出”。不定式短語"tosolvethisproblem"作為目的狀語，說明提出想法的目的。短語及拓展：cleveridea：聰明的想法solvetheproblem：解決問題eupwithsth.：想出某事Sheinvitedsomeofherfriendstojoinherforanafternoonmeal.句子成分分析：主語：She謂語：invited賓語：someofherfriends賓語補(bǔ)足語：tojoinherforanafternoonmeal知識(shí)點(diǎn)："invitesb.todosth."意為“邀請(qǐng)某人做某事”。"joinsb.forsth."意為“和某人一起做某事”。短語及拓展：someofherfriends：她的一些朋友joinsb.forsth.：和某人一起做某事invitesb.todosth.：邀請(qǐng)某人做某事Themealwasheldbetweenfourandfiveo'clock.句子成分分析：主語：Themeal謂語：washeld時(shí)間狀語：betweenfourandfiveo'clock知識(shí)點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)"washeld"表示“被舉行”。"between...and..."表示“在……和……之間”。短語及拓展：between...and...：在……和……之間holdameal：舉行一頓飯Itincludedcakesandsandwiches,andteawasservedtowashdownthefood.句子成分分析（分為兩個(gè)并列句）：第一句：It（形式主語）includedcakesandsandwiches第二句：tea（主語）wasserved（謂語），towashdownthefood（目的狀語）知識(shí)點(diǎn)："includesth."意為“包括某事”。"servesth.tosb."意為“為某人提供某物”。"washdownsth."意為“用液體沖洗或伴隨某物吃下”。短語及拓展：includesth.：包括某事servesth.tosb.：為某人提供某物washdownsth.：用液體沖洗或伴隨某物吃下Tomaketheafternoonmealmoreimportant,sheusedcupsandplatesmadeoffinechina,andteapots,knives,forksandspoonsmadeofsilver.句子成分分析：目的狀語：Tomaketheafternoonmealmoreimportant主語：she謂語：used賓語：cupsandplatesmadeoffinechina,andteapots,knives,forksandspoonsmadeofsilver知識(shí)點(diǎn)：不定式短語"Tomake..."作為目的狀語。"bemadeof"意為“由……制成”。短語及拓展：makesth.moreimportant：使某事更重要bemadeofsth.：由某物制成finechina：精美的瓷器silverware：銀器（包括茶壺、刀、叉、勺等）Afternoonteapartiessoonbecamepopularsocialoccasions,whichisatrendthatcontinuestoday.句子成分分析：主句：Afternoonteaparties（主語）soonbecame（謂語）popularsocialoccasions（賓語）非限制性定語從句：whichisatrendthatcontinuestoday知識(shí)點(diǎn)："beepopular"意為“變得流行”。"whichis..."為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞"Afternoonteaparties"。"thatcontinuestoday"為定語從句，修飾"atrend"。短語及拓展：popularsocialoccasions：流行的社交場合atrendthatcontinues：持續(xù)的趨勢TheystillplayanimportantpartinthesociallifeinmodernBritain.句子成分分析：主語：They（指代Afternoonteaparties）謂語：play賓語：animportantpart地點(diǎn)狀語：inthesociallife時(shí)間狀語：inmodernBritain知識(shí)點(diǎn)："playanimportantpartinsth."意為“在……中扮演重要角色”。短語及拓展：playanimportantpartinsth.：在……中扮演重要角色sociallife：社交生活modernBritain：現(xiàn)代英國Goingforyumchaordimsumisapracticethathasbeeincreasinglypopularinthewesternworldbutwhatdoesitmean?句子成分分析:主語:Goingforyumchaordimsum謂語:is表語:apractice定語從句:thathasbeeincreasinglypopularinthewesternworld疑問句:butwhatdoesitmean?知識(shí)點(diǎn):"Goingforyumchaordimsum"是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語。"thathasbeeincreasinglypopularinthewesternworld"是定語從句，修飾先行詞"apractice"，使用關(guān)系代詞"that"。"increasinglypopular"中"increasingly"是副詞，修飾形容詞"popular"。"butwhatdoesitmean?"是由并列連詞"but"連接的疑問句，詢問"yumcha"或"dimsum"的意義。短語拓展:"increasinglypopular">越來越受歡迎"inthewesternworld">在西方世界"yumcha">點(diǎn)心時(shí)間（飲茶），特指在中國南方地區(qū)的一種社交活動(dòng)，邊喝茶邊吃小點(diǎn)。Yumchaliterallytranslatesto"drinktea",anditisthepracticeofgoingtoarestauranttoeatdimsumbitesizedportionsoffood,usuallysteamedorfried.句子成分分析:主句1:Yumchaliterallytranslatesto"drinktea"主語:Yumcha謂語:translates狀語:literally賓語:"drinktea"并列句2:anditisthepracticeofgoingtoarestauranttoeatdimsumbitesizedportionsoffood主語:it謂語:is表語:thepracticeofgoingtoarestauranttoeat...賓語補(bǔ)足語:dimsumbitesizedportionsoffood狀語:usuallysteamedorfried知識(shí)點(diǎn):"literally"是副詞，表示"字面上地"。"translateto"表示"翻譯為"。"thepracticeof"表示"……的慣例/實(shí)踐"。"dimsumbitesizedportionsoffood"中"dimsum"是名詞，表示"點(diǎn)心"；"bitesized"是形容詞短語，表示"一口大小的"；"portionsoffood"表示"食物的分量"。"usuallysteamedorfried"是狀語短語，修飾"portionsoffood"，說明這些點(diǎn)心的烹飪方式。短語拓展:"literallytranslateto">字面翻譯為"thepracticeof">……的實(shí)踐/慣例"dimsum">點(diǎn)心"bitesized">一口大小的"steamedorfried">蒸的或炸的PeopleinsouthernChinagotoyumchawithfamilyandfriendsitisatimetorelaxandcatchupinalaidbackenvironment.句子成分分析:主句:PeopleinsouthernChinagotoyumchawithfamilyandfriends主語:PeopleinsouthernChina謂語:go賓語:toyumcha狀語:withfamilyandfriends并列句:itisatimetorelaxandcatchupinalaidbackenvironment主語:it謂語:is表語:atime不定式短語作定語:torelaxandcatchup狀語:inalaidbackenvironment知識(shí)點(diǎn):"insouthernChina"是介詞短語作定語，修飾"People"。"withfamilyandfriends"是介詞短語作狀語，表示"和家人朋友一起"。"itisatimetodosth."是固定句型，表示"是……的時(shí)候"。"laidback"是形容詞短語，表示"悠閑的，放松的"。短語拓展:"gotoyumcha">去飲茶（點(diǎn)心時(shí)間）"withfamilyandfriends">和家人朋友一起"atimetorelaxandcatchup">放松和敘舊的時(shí)候"laidbackenvironment">悠閑的環(huán)境ThemostpopulartimetogoforyumchaislatemorningorwhatisknownintheWestasbrunch".句子成分分析:主語:Themostpopulartimetogoforyumcha謂語:is表語:latemorningorwhatisknownintheWestasbrunch并列短語:latemorning名詞性從句:whatisknownintheWestasbrunch主語:what謂語:isknown狀語:intheWest賓語補(bǔ)足語:asbrunch知識(shí)點(diǎn):"Themostpopulartimetodosth."是固定句型，表示"做某事最受歡迎的時(shí)間"。"whatisknownas..."是名詞性從句，其中"what"是引導(dǎo)詞，也是從句的主語。"intheWest"是介詞短語作狀語，表示"在西方"。短語拓展:"themostpopulartime">最受歡迎的時(shí)間"latemorning">上午晚些時(shí)候"whatisknownas...">被稱作……的"intheWest">在西方"brunch">早午餐（早餐和午餐合并的一餐）Infact,somesaythatbrunchwasinspiredbyyumcha.句子成分分析:狀語:Infact主句:somesay主語:some謂語:say賓語從句:thatbrunchwasinspiredbyyumcha主語:brunch謂語:wasinspired狀語:byyumcha知識(shí)點(diǎn):"Infact"是副詞短語，表示"事實(shí)上"。"somesay"是主句，表示"有人說"。"thatbrunchwasinspiredbyyumcha"是賓語從句，由"that"引導(dǎo)，說明"some"的觀點(diǎn)。"beinspiredby"是固定短語，表示"受……啟發(fā)"。短語拓展:"Infact">事實(shí)上"somesay">有人說"wasinspiredby">受……啟發(fā)"yumcha">飲茶（點(diǎn)心時(shí)間）ItisbelievedthatthecustombeganthousandsofyearsagowhenteahousesstartedcroppingupalongtheSilkRoadtoproviderestforwearytravellers.句子成分分析:主句:Itisbelieved形式主語:It謂語:isbelieved真正主語:thatthecustombegan...賓語從句:thatthecustombeganthousandsofyearsagowhen...主語:thecustom謂語:began時(shí)間狀語:thousandsofyearsago定語從句:whenteahousesstartedcroppingup...主語:teahouses謂語:startedcroppingup狀語:alongtheSilkRoad目的狀語:toproviderestforwearytravellers知識(shí)點(diǎn):"Itisbelievedthat..."是固定句型，表示"據(jù)信……"。"thousandsofyearsago"是時(shí)間狀語短語，表示"數(shù)千年前"。"when"引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾"thousandsofyearsago"，說明時(shí)間背景。"cropup"是動(dòng)詞短語，表示"突然出現(xiàn)"。"alongtheSilkRoad"是介詞短語作狀語，表示"沿著絲綢之路"。"toproviderestforwearytravellers"是不定式短語作目的狀語，說明"teahouses"出現(xiàn)的目的。短語拓展:"Itisbelievedthat...">據(jù)信……"thousandsofyearsago">數(shù)千年前"cropup">突然出現(xiàn)"alongtheSilkRoad">沿著絲綢之路"wearytravellers">疲憊的旅行者"providerestfor">為……提供休息Later,itwasdiscoveredthatteaaidsdigestion,soteahouseownersstart