第頁eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解(2019·甘肅診斷)The2019NobelPrizeinPhysicsissharedbythreescientists,theRoyalAcademyofSciencesannouncedinStockholmonTuesday.TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2019wasdivided,withonehalfawardedtoDavidJ.Thouless,theotherhalftoF.DuncanM.HaldaneandJ.MichaelKosterlitzfor“theoreticaldiscoveriesoftopologicalphasetransitionsandtopologicalphasesofmatter(物質(zhì)拓?fù)湎嘧兒屯負(fù)湎?”．Haldanesaidhewas“verysurprised”atthenews,addingthathewasgladthattheirdiscoveriesfoundsomethingpreviouslyunnoticedbymany,andthattheyrevealed“morepossibilitiesforlookingfornewmaterials”.Heparticularlypointedoutthatalotofworkwasstillongoing.Theyear’sprizeamountis8millionSwedishkrona,andwillbesplitproperlybetweenthethreewinners.Thewinnersaregivenasumofmoneywhentheyreceivetheirprizes,intheformofadocumentconfirmingtheamountawarded.TheamountofprizemoneydependsuponhowmuchmoneytheNobelFoundation(基金會)canawardeachyear.Thepursehasincreasedsincethe1980s,whentheprizemoneywas880，000SEKperprize.In2009,themonetaryawardwas10millionSEK.InJune2019,itwasloweredto8millionSEK.Iftherearetwowinnersofaparticularprize,theawardmoneyisdividedequallybetweenthewinners.Iftherearethree,theawardingcommitteecanchoosetodividethemoneyequally,orawardone-halftoonewinnerandone-quartertoeachoftheothers.Itiscommonforwinnerstodonateprizemoneytobenefitscientific,cultural,orcharitablecauses.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了2019年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎的歸屬以及諾貝爾獎的相關(guān)知識，包括獎金的金額、來源和分配。1．HowmuchprizemoneydoesThoulessget?A．8millionSwedishkrona.B．6millionSwedishkrona.C．4millionSwedishkrona.D．2millionSwedishkrona.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2019wasdivided,withonehalfawardedtoDavidJ.Thouless...及第三段Theyear’sprizeamountis8millionSwedishkrona...可知，2019年的獎金是800萬瑞典克朗，而索利斯獲得了一半的獎金。故選C項。2．Accordingtothepassage,Haldanethoughtthathiswork________．A．wasfarfromendingB．wasbasedonmanypreviousstudiesC．hadperfectlybeencompletedD．hadsurprisedthewholeworldA解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句Heparticularlypointedoutthatalotofworkwasstillongoing.可知，霍爾丹指出還有很多工作仍在進(jìn)行，即遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有結(jié)束。故選A項。3．Theamountofprizemoney________．A．hasbeeneverincreasingsincethe1980sB．hasbeeneverdecreasingsincethe1980sC．remains880，000SEKeachyearafter2019D．differsaccordingtotheNobelFoundation’saffordabilityD解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段可知，諾貝爾獎的獎金金額并不是固定的，而是根據(jù)每年諾貝爾基金會所能獎勵的金額而決定。故選D項。4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A．Thepurposeoftheawardmoney.B．Thenumberofwinnersperprize.C．Howthewinnersareselected.D．Howtheawardmoneyisdealtwith.D解析：段落大意題。最后一段講了諾貝爾獎獎金的分配及獲獎人如何利用這些獎金。故選D項。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七選五(2019·南昌十校模擬)Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly?1.________Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.CleanthetoiletwithCoke.It’samazinghowpowerfulCokemightbeasatoiletcleaner.2.________You’llsaveyourhealthbynotconsumingchemicalsthatCokecontainsandsavemoneybynotpurchasingprofessionalcleaners.Poursomecolaoverthestainsandleaveitallforafewhours.Thenletwaterwashthetoilet!Removewaterstainswithorangepeels.You’vejusteatenanorange.3.________Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels.Youcanusetheskinstocleanstainlesssteel.Yourapplianceswillshineagainafteryourub(擦)themwiththeskins.Thepeelscaneasilymakethosestubbornstainsdisappearinasecond.Usebananapeelstopolishleatherfurniture.Expertsclaimthatbananapeelsaregreatforpolishingleathersofasandarmchairs.Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.4.________Afterwards,removetheleftoverwithacloth.Thistrickissimpleandcheap.Useitifyouwantyourleatherfurnituretolookbrandnewagain.5．________Whywouldyouwanttobuyonewhenyoucanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon-toxic(無毒的)?Justpour2litersofslightlywarmwaterintoadeepbowl.Thenadd50mlwhitevinegarandhalfateaspoonofdishwashingliquid.Shakethebowlandthenfillupaplasticspraywiththemixture.Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.A．Waitaminute!B．Makeyourownglasscleaner.C．Followthestepsgivenbelow.D．Ofcourseyouransweris“yes”．E．Theyleavenomarksorscratches.F．Insteadofdrinkingit,useittocleanthetoiletbowl.G．Theyareeconomicalandsafetouseonalloffurniture.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。想生活在一個干凈的生活環(huán)境中、讓一切光潔發(fā)亮嗎？那就按照以下步驟來做吧。無需購買昂貴的清潔用品，只需要一些小妙招。1．C解析：根據(jù)空前的“Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly？”和空后的“Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.”以及接下來列舉的幾條小妙招可知，C項“跟著以下步驟做”能起到承上啟下的作用。2．F解析：本段講的是用可樂清理廁所，故F項“你可以不喝可樂，而是用之清潔馬桶”符合語境。3．A解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels...”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不銹鋼。所以選A。4．E解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材質(zhì)也非常適合擦拭皮質(zhì)，使污痕或劃痕統(tǒng)統(tǒng)不見。所以選E。5．B解析：根據(jù)下文中的“youcanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon-toxic(無毒的)？”“Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.”可知，本段講的是如何自制玻璃清潔劑，故B項符合語境。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語法填空(2019·銀川檢測)WorldReadAloudDayiscelebratedeachyearonthefirstWednesdayofMarch.It1.____________(start)bytheLitWin2019andhasnowreached65countries.Theaimistoencouragepeopleworldwidewhocannotreadtoenjoythebenefitsofabook.Itswebsiteaskseveryone2.____________(celebrate)thedaybytakingabook,findinganaudience,andreadingoutaloud.Itisabouttakingactiontoshowtheworldthattherighttoreadandwrite3.____________(belong)toallpeople.Thewebsiteasks4.____________(visit)tojoininthemovementtoreduce5._________numberofilliterate(不識字的)peopleintheworld.Itis6.__________(absolute)necessarytohelpthosewhocannotread.Thewebsitesays,“It’stimetostartbyreadingaloudto7.____________mightlikeit.Shareabookwithachildwhomightneedit,shareastorywithsomeonewhowouldtreasureit,andlistenpatiently8.____________someoneelse’sstoryastheysharewithyou.”TheUnitedNationssays，“Literacyinvolvesavarietyoflearninginenablingindividualstoachievetheirgoals,todeveloptheirknowledge,9.____________toparticipatefullyinsociety.”Inthatway,WorldReadAloudDaydoeshelpmakea10.____________(different)．【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了WorldReadAloudDay(世界朗讀日)。1．wasstarted解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。WorldReadAloudDay在2019年由LitW發(fā)起。根據(jù)語境可知，此處需要用start的被動形式，又因時間狀語是“in2019”，故用一般過去時。2．tocelebrate解析：考查動詞不定式。asksb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”，網(wǎng)站要求每個人通過拿本書、找到一位聽眾、大聲閱讀的方式來慶祝這個節(jié)日。3．belongs解析：考查主謂一致。這正是采取行動向世界表明閱讀和寫作的權(quán)利屬于所有的人。根據(jù)句子成分可知，從句的主語為theright，故填belongs。4．visitors解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)語境可知，網(wǎng)站讓游客來參加活動，游客不止一個，且空前沒有冠詞修飾，故填visitors。5．the解析：考查冠詞。thenumberof...是固定搭配，表示“……的數(shù)量”。6．a(chǎn)bsolutely解析：考查副詞。幫助那些不能閱讀的人是完全有必要的。7．whoever解析：考查賓語從句。是開始為任何可能喜歡的人大聲朗讀的時候了。whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中作主語。8．to解析：考查介詞。當(dāng)他們與你分享時，你要耐心地傾聽某人的故事。listento是固定搭配。9．a(chǎn)nd解析：考查連詞。根據(jù)語境和句子成分可知，前后表示并列關(guān)系。10．difference解析：考查名詞。makeadifference“有作用”，根據(jù)空前的冠詞可知，此處應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞形式。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)短文改錯(2019·武漢武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)WhenIwasintheGradeOne，IwasterriblepoorinEnglish.BesleepyinclasswasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool.OnceIevenfailedinamidtermexam.WhileIgotthepapers，IrealizedthatthingswouldbebetterifIlistenedtotheteacherattentively.Myteachertoldme，“Yesterdayishistory.Todayisagift.IfyouburyyouinEnglishnow,you’llmakeit.”Ican’tagreemuch.Fromthenon，Ibegantostudy