2017年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試

英語二試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

?Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.②Todayisnodifferent,

withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagainIthattechnologyisreplacinghuman

workers.③Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2:@A

fewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverished

wasteland.

①Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawasteland

ofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness：Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5

peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.②6、today'sunemployeddon'tseemto

behavingagreattime.③OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeen

unemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.

④Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-health

problems,andaddiction9poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageof

well-paidjobs.?Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajobless

future.

?Butitdoesn't11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwould

befilledwithunease.②Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedina

societybuiltontheconceptofemployment.@Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesigned

withotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureof

laborandleisure.④Today,the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.⑤“Manyjobsare

boring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,9,saysJohnDanaher,alectureratthe

NationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.

?Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,peopleuse

theirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.②

“WhenIcomehomefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel18Danahersays,adding,4tIn

aworldinwhichIdon'thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughto

throwhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor

20matters.

1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring

2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty

3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction

4.[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured

5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom

6.[A]Instead|B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless

7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated

8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute

9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among

10.[A]leavebehind|B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside

11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically

12.[AJchances[B]downsidesIC]benefits[D]principles

13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course

14.[A|disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield

15.[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship

16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce

17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats

18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved

19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into

20.[A]technological[B]professional|C]educational[D]interpersonal

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

?EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaround

theirlocalpark.②TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400

eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.③Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.

?Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley's

worldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

?ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic“l(fā)egacy“isfailing.②Tenyearsagoon

Monday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.?Planning

documentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetoleveranationofsportlovers

awayfromtheircouches.?Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.

⑤Ithasnothappened.?Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionin

therun-upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.?Worse,thenumbersare

nowfallingatanacceleratingrate.?Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleast

twohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.?Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.

?OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.^^?The

successofParkrunoffersanswers.

@Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.②Theethos

welcomesanybody.③Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthe

lineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.④TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmore

peopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.⑤Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestress

onsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.

?Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningof

suchafundamentally"grassroots“conceptascommunitysportsassociations.②Ifthereisarole

forgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsure

thereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouraging

theprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.③Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedover

sellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportin

education.?Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovide

theconditionsforsporttothrive.⑤Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

21.AccordingtoParagraphI,Parkrunhas.

[A]createdmanyjobs

[B]gainedgreatpopularity

[C]becomeanofficialfestival

[D]strengthenedcommunityties

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic"legacy"hasfailedto.

[A]boostpopulationgrowth

[B]improvethecity'simage

[CJincreasesporthoursinschools

[D]promotesportparticipation

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.

[A]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[B]investinpublicsportsfacilities

[CJorganize^grassroots"sportsevents

[D]superviselocalsportsassociations

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.

[A]critical

[B]tolerant

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

Text2

@Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheir

ownscreenuse.②"Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,^^saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyof

digitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.③Itmakesithardto

disengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”

@Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygiving

mother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.②Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringthe

exercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeir

children.?Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthe

family.?Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcited

bidsfortheirattention.

?Infantsarewiredtolookatparents*facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthose

facesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbe

extremelydisconcertingforthechildren.②Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment^^devisedby

developmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.③Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithher

childinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocial

feedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother's

attention.④“Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobea

balanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbal

expressionsofanemotionalneedJsaysRadesky.

①Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreens

arebomoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”

withtheirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasised,verywhite,very

upper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyou

areneglectingthem.”②Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreen

doesn'tmeanthere'snovaluetoit——particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,do

houseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.?Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusing

theirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.④Thiscanmakethemfeel

happier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto.

[A]absorbuserattention

|B]increaseworkefficiency

[C]simplifyroutinematters

[D]betterinterpersonalrelations

27.Radesky9sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers'useofdevices.

[A]takesawaybabies'appetite

[B]distractschildren'sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies'verbaldevelopment

[D]reducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment^^toshowthat.

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

|B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryfbremotionalexchange

[C]parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

|D]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents?mood

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto.

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]remainconcernedaboutkids'useofscreens

[D]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

30.AccordingtoTronick,kids,useofscreensmay.

[A]maketheirparentsmorecreative

|B]givetheirparentssomefreetime

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework

|D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3

?Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwith

increasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletely

overlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.②Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollege

inthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?③Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,it

doesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn'tacademic.

①Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.②There's

alwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated"racetothe

finishline,^^whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschooloralucrativecareer.③But

despitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits——in

fact,itprobablyenhancesit.

?StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyearare

generallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.②Ratherthan

pullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,new

responsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges-allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewith

themost.③Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeand

beingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivities

ratherthanacclimationblunders.

①Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,then

consideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.?AccordingtotheNationalCenterfor

EducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleast

once.③Thisisn'tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleaves

studentswithapoorunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.

④Manystudentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingto

anotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.⑤It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,

itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.@AtBostonCollege,for

example,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfrom

anotherdepartment.?Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressand

savemoneylateron.

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat.

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

|B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

|D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps.

[A]relievefreshmenofpressures

[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

[C]easefreshmen'sfinancialburdens

[D]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic

33.Theword“acclimation”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]motivation

|B]application

[C]competition

|D]adaptation

34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem.

[A]switchtoanothercollege

[B]decideontherightmajor

[C]avoidacademicfailures

[D]establishlong-termgoals

35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]InFavoroftheGapYear

[BJTheABCsoftheGapYear

[ClTheGapYearComesBack

[D]TheGapYear:ADilemma

Text4

①Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresis

anationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,a

specialistinfireecologyandmanagement.

@In2015,theUSForestServicefbrthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billion

annualbudgetfightingfires—nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.

②Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency'sotherwork-suchasforest

conservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep-that

affectthelivesofallAmericans.

?Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoinginto

constructioninfire-pronedistricts.②AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuilding

homesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?

①"It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectivefbrthewholecountry,

hesays.②"Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.③Like,'Waitaminute,isthisOK?'④Do

wewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?”

①SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,

researcherssay.

①Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.②Overthepast

decade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange-howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhouse

gasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.

①Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn'tcomeattheexpenseoftherestof

theequation.

①“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgoboth

ways,“hesays.?Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhat

thesolutionsmightbe.③Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesvery

limited.”

①Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewholly

controlledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.

②Butacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodeveloping

thelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.

①"We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,^^Balchsays.②"Itisreallyimportant

tounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday.^^

36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they.

[A]consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

fB]severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

[C]causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

[D]exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifyingglass"to.

[A]avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney

|B]findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape

[C]raisemorefundslorfire-proneareas

[DJguaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds

38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat.

[A]publicdebateshavenotsettledyet

[B]ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace

[C]otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked

[D]fire-fightingconditionsareimproving

39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto.

[Aldiscoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature

[BJexplorethemechanismofthehumansystems

[C]understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature

|D]maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife

40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.

[A]doawaywith

[B]cometotermswith

[C]payapricefor

[D]keepawayfrom

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoits

correspondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonald

Trump."Wedon'tmakeanythinganymore,,,hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisown

made-in-Mexicoclothingline.

Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,and

furthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.

Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.

Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:Insteadof

havingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionand

outsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomers

everyyear.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace.Otherindustriesare

recruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.

Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers-andupwardpressureon

wages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers/5saysJayDunwell,presidentof

WolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm."Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],but

they'vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoingaswellasmanufacturing,Mr.

Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoits

culture.

AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathis

fathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepsacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers.

Fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledina

work-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.

Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythe

coppercoilshe'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthejob.

Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbefore

switchingtoelectricalengineering.loveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating,,,hesays.

Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:

parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,telling

themtoavoidthefactory.Millennials"remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.They

blameitonthemanufacturingrecession,saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,a

businessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.

Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17million

in1970to12millionin2015.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthe

high-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels.

“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,saysRob

Spohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege."There^eenoughpeopletofillthe

jobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon'tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthatgapin

between,andthat'swheretheproblemis.”

JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunityCollegepointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennials

intomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,

youngpeoplevalueflexibility.^Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywantto

livetheirlives,9,shesays.

IA]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecause

helovesworkingwithtools.

41.JayDunwell[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofillthejobs

thatdon'tneedmuchskill.

42.JasonStenquist[C]