1992年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(30points)Text1Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora‘BeKindtoOtherDrivers’campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.31. Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby________.[A]people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog[B]therhythmofmodernlife[C]thebehaviorofthedriver[D]trafficconditions32. Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”(Para.1)impliesthat________.[A]oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists[B]rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally[C]thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog[D]nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists33. By“goodsense,”thewritermeans________.[A]thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably[B]thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions[C]thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior[D]thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations34. Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,________.[A]roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice[B]driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother[C]driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves[D]driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers35. Inthewriter’sopinion,________.[A]stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded[B]driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly[C]rudedriversshouldbepunished[D]driversshouldavoidtrafficjamsText2Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror--theglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationofearth’schieffood-growingzones.Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia(慣性)oftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.36. Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould________.[A]preventthesun’sraysfromleechingtheearth’ssurface[B]meanawarmingupintheArctic[C]accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere[D]raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface37. Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain________.[A]thegreenhouseeffect[B]thesolareffectsontheearth[C]themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions[D]thecausesaffectingweather38. Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis________.[A]mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising[B]possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting[C]exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate[D]partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy39. Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat________.[A]theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler[B]itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect[C]theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects[D]thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect40. IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,________.[A]thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels[B]icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere[C]theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly[D]thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearthText3Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencouragesinternationalbrotherhood.Notonlywastherethetragicincidentinvolvingthemurderofathletes,buttheGameswerealsoruinedbylesserincidentscausedprincipallybyminornationalcontests.Onecountryreceiveditssecond-placemedalswithvisibleindignationafterthehockey(曲棍球)final.Therehadbeennoisyscenesattheendofthehockeymatch,thelosersobjectingtothefinaldecisions.Theywereconvincedthatoneoftheirgoalsshouldnothavebeendisallowedandthattheiropponents’victorywasunfair.Theirmanagerwasinaragewhenhesaid:“Thiswasn’thockey.HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished.”ThepresidentoftheFederationsaidlaterthatsuchbehaviorcouldresultinthesuspensionoftheteamforatleastthreeyears.TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnotyieldfirstplacetoRussia,afteradisputableendtotheircontest.Thegamehadendedindisturbance.ItwasthoughtatfirstthattheUnitedStateshadwon,byasinglepoint,butitwasannouncedthattherewerethreesecondsstilltoplay.ARussianplayerthenthrewtheballfromoneendofthecourttotheother,andanotherplayerpoppeditintothebasket.ItwasthefirsttimetheUSAhadeverlostanOlympicbasketballmatch.Anappealjurydebatedthematterforfourandahalfhoursbeforeannouncingthattheresultwouldstand.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethesilvermedals.Incidentsofthiskindwillcontinueaslongassportisplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.Thesuggestionthatathletesshouldcompeteasindividuals,orinnon-nationalteams,mightbetoomuchtohopefor.ButinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicsthereisfartoomuchthatencouragesaggressivepatriotism.41. Accordingtotheauthor,recentOlympicGameshave________.[A]createdgoodwillbetweenthenations[B]bredonlyfalsenationalpride[C]barelyshowedanyinternationalfriendship[D]ledtomoreandmoremisunderstandingandhatred42. Whatdidthemanagermeanbysaying,“...HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished”?[A]Histeamwouldnolongertakepartininternationalgames.[B]HockeyandtheFederationarebothruinedbytheunfairdecisions.[C]ThereshouldbenomorehockeymatchesorganizedbytheFederation.[D]TheFederationshouldbedissolved.43. Thebasketballexampleimpliedthat________.[A]toomuchpatriotismwasdisplayedintheincident[B]theannouncementtoprolongthematchwaswrong[C]theappealjurywastoohesitantinmakingthedecision[D]theAmericanteamwasrightinrejectingthesilvermedals44. Theauthorgivesthetwoexamplesinparagraphs2and3toshow________.[A]howfalsenationalprideledtoundesirableincidentsininternationalgames[B]thatsportsmenhavebeenmoreobedientthantheyusedtobe[C]thatcompetitivenessinthegamesdiscouragesinternationalfriendship[D]thatunfairdecisionsarecommoninOlympicGames45. Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?[A]TheorganizationoftheOlympicGamesmustbeimproved.[B]AthletesshouldcompeteasindividualintheOlympicGames.[C]Sportshouldbeplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.[D]Internationalcontestsareliableformisunderstandingbetweennations.SectionIII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D],choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEETbyblackening(15points)ThekeytotheindustrializationofspaceistheU.S.spaceshuttle.__46__it,astronautswillacquireaworkhousevehicle__47__offlyingintospaceandreturningmanytimes.__48__byreusablerocketsthatcanliftaloadof65,000pounds,theshuttlewillcarrydevicesforscientificinquiry,as__49__asavarietyofmilitaryhardware.__50__moresignificantly,itwill__51__materialsandmachinesintospaceforindustrialpurposes__52__twodecadesagowhen“sputnik”(artificialsatellite)was__53__tovocabulary.Inshort,the__54__importanceoftheshuttleliesinits__55__asaneconomictool.Whatmakesthespaceshuttle__56__isthatittakesofflikearocketbutlandslikeanairplane.__57__,whenithasaccomplishedits__58__,itcanbereadyfor__59__tripinabouttwoweeks.Thespaceshuttle,theworld’sfirsttruespaceship,isamagnificentstep__60__makingtheimpossiblepossibleforthebenefitandsurvivalofman.46. [A]In[B]On[C]By[D]With47. [A]capable[B]suitable[C]efficient[D]fit48. [A]Served[B]Powered[C]Forced[D]Reinforced49. [A]far[B]well[C]much[D]long.50. [A]Then[B]Or[C]But[D]So51. [A]supply[B]introduce[C]deliver[D]transfer52. [A]unimagined[B]unsettled[C]uncovered[D]unsolved53. [A]attributed[B]contributed[C]applied[D]added54. [A]general[B]essential[C]prevailing[D]ultimate55. [A]promise[B]prosperity[C]popularity[D]priority56. [A]exceptional[B]strange[C]unique[D]rare57. [A]Thus[B]Whereas[C]Nevertheless[D]Yet58. [A]venture[B]mission[C]commission[D]responsibility59. [A]new[B]another[C]certain[D]subsequent60. [A]for[B]by[C]in[D]throughSectionV:English-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(15points)Intelligenceatbestisanassumptiveconstruct--themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.(71)Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Itisnotsupposedto--itwasnotdesignedforsuchpurposes.(72)Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.Theotherthingwehavetonoticeisthattheassessmentoftheintelligenceofanysubjectisessentiallyacomparativeaffair.(73)Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa‘valid’or‘fair’comparison.Itisherethatsomeofthedifficultieswhichinterestusbegin.Anytestperformedinvolvesatleastthreefactors:theintentiontodoone’sbest,theknowledgerequiredforunderstandingwhatyouhavetodo,andtheintellectualabilitytodoit.(74)Thefirsttwomustbeequalforallwhoarebeingcompared,ifanycomparisonintermsofintelligenceistobemade.Inschoolpopulationsinourculturetheseassumptionscanbemadefairandreasonable,andthevalueofintelligencetestinghasbeenprovedthoroughly.Itsvaluelies,ofcourse,initsprovidingasatisfactorybasisforprediction.Nooneisintheleastinterestedinthemarksalittlechildgetsonhistest;whatweareinterestediniswhetherwecanconcludefromhismarkonthetestthatthechildwilldobetterorworsethanotherchildrenofhisageattaskswhichwethinkrequire‘generalintelligence’.(75)Onthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidence,butonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitudetowardsthetestastheotherswithwhomheisbeingcompared,andonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylackofrelevantinformationwhichtheypossessed.SectionVI:WritingDIRECTIONS:[A]Title:FORABETTERUNDERSTANDINGBETWEENPARENTANDCHILD[B]Timelimit:40minutes[C]Wordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)[D]YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence.[E]YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)OUTLINE:1.Presentsituation:Lackofcommunicationbetweenparentandchild2.Possiblereasons:1)Differentlikesanddislikes2)Misunderstanding3)Others3.Suggestions:l)Forparents2)Forchildren1992年參考答案SectionII:ReadingComprehension(30points)31. [C] 32. [D] 33. [A] 34. [B] 35. [B]36. [D] 37. [D] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [D]41. [C] 42. [B] 43. [A] 44. [C] 45. [A]SectionIII:ClozeTest(15points)46. [D] 47. [A] 48. [B] 49. [B] 50. [C]51. [C] 52. [A] 53. [D] 54. [D] 55. [A]56. [C] 57. [A] 58. [B] 59. [B] 60. [C]SectionV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)71. 人們對(duì)智力這個(gè)詞所指的不同表現(xiàn)意見比較一致，而對(duì)這些表現(xiàn)如何解釋或分類則有不同的看法。72. 批評(píng)智力測(cè)試不反映上述情況，猶如批評(píng)溫度計(jì)不能測(cè)風(fēng)速一樣。73. 既然對(duì)智力的評(píng)估是比較而言的，那么我們必須確保，在對(duì)我們的對(duì)象進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，我們所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比較。74. 如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比較的