初中英語語法分詞語法精講分詞作定語分詞前置Wecanseetherisingsun.我們可以看到東升的旭日Heisaretiredworker.他是位退休的工人分詞后置(①分詞詞組；②個(gè)別分詞如given,left；③修飾不定代詞something等)Therewasagirlsittingthere.有個(gè)女孩坐在那里Thisisthequestiongiven.這是所給的問題Thereisnothinginteresting.沒有有趣的東西過去分詞作定語與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.典型例題1)Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written答案D.書與寫作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞做定語表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于定語從句whichiswrittenD2）What'sthelanguage____inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeakB答案B.主語language與謂語動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)的含義。解析

spoken是動(dòng)詞speak的過去分詞形式，在句中作定語，修飾主語language,spoken與language有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。該句可以理解為：What'sthelanguage(whichis)spokeninGerman分詞作狀語AsIdidn'treceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.->Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了電話。Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.->Givenmoreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.假如多給些照顧，那些樹會(huì)長得更好。典型例題1）_____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed

B解析答案B.Napoleon與follow之間有被動(dòng)的含義。beingfollowed除表達(dá)被動(dòng)之外，還有動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之意。followedby（被…跟隨）。本題可改為：Withsomeofficialsfollowing,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.2）Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed

答案B.由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動(dòng)。用現(xiàn)在分詞。B3）_______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat

C解析答案C.本題要選一分詞作為狀語。現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行的；過去分詞表被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的。對于液體來說是加熱的受動(dòng)者，是被動(dòng)的，因而選C。它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句Whenitisheated，…注意：選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。(Being)usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用連詞+分詞(短語)分詞作補(bǔ)語通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后，如：Ifoundmycarmissing.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見了。I'llhavemywatchrepaired.我想把我的手表修一下分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞：表示主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行過去分詞：表示被動(dòng)，已經(jīng)完成Shelookedtiredwithcooking.她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.他依然站在桌旁分詞作插入語其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。generallyspeaking一般說來talkingof(speakingof)說道strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格的說judgingfrom從…判斷allthingsconsidered從整體來看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看來Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。(speaking并不是dogs的動(dòng)作)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)1）與主語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)，Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。典型例題Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingB解析答案B.此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞worked和waspreparing。只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。2）先于主動(dòng)詞Whilewalkinginthegarden，hehurthisleg.在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。分詞作時(shí)間狀語，如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，要用havingdone。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.=Ashehadfinishedhishomework,hewentout.做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。典型例題___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedC解析答案C.本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not+分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Becausehehadnotreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.分詞的語態(tài)1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，例如：Heisthemangivingyouthemoney.(=whogaveyou…)他就是給你錢的那個(gè)人。Heisthemanstoppedbythecar.(=whowasstoppedby…)他就是那個(gè)被車攔住的人。2）不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned例:awell-readperson.一個(gè)讀過許多書的人amuch-travelledmay一個(gè)去過許多地方的人aburnt-outmatch燒完了的火柴練習(xí)1.Thefamouswriterwroteanovel______thisstory.A．tobase B．baseduponC．wasbasedupon D．tobaseuponB2.Thehallistoonoisy.Thespeakerhastoraisehisvoicetomakehimself_____.A．hear B．heard C．hearingB3.Lookatthebaby__________inpink.Howlovely!A．dressed B．wears C．iswearing D．DressesA4.—DidyouseeTom________offthetree?—No.Isawhim________ontheground.Luckily,hewasOK.A．fallen;lay B．falling;lay C．fall;lay D．fall;lyingD5.Theman________last________thishomeatabout7A.m.A．was；seenleavingB．did；seeleftC．has；seenleaveD．was；seenleaveA6.Itis________thathedidn’tpasstheexam.A．surprise B．surprised C．tosurprise D．surprisingD7.—Youkeptme_______solong.—Sorry.I’llbereadysoon.A．wait B．towait C．waited D．waitingD8.Isawanoldwoman________intheparktwohoursag