專(zhuān)題十二祈使句、感嘆句

一、祈使句

(一)、祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法

祈使句表請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、邀請(qǐng)、勸告等。主語(yǔ)通常被省略，謂語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)或句點(diǎn)。

1.肯定的祈使句

(1)動(dòng)詞原形+其他

如:Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.請(qǐng)起立。

但有時(shí)會(huì)在句首加上主語(yǔ)或加呼語(yǔ)，以便指明是向誰(shuí)提出請(qǐng)求或發(fā)

出命令。呼語(yǔ)常與句子隔開(kāi)，動(dòng)詞仍然用原形。

如:Mary,cleanthewindows!Andyouboys,washthefloor!

(2)Be+adj.

如:Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!

(3)Let's+動(dòng)詞原形

如:Let'sgotoschooltogether.

2.否定的祈使句

(1)Don't+動(dòng)詞原形

如：Don'tstandup.Don'tbecareless.Don'tlet

themplaywithfire.

(2)Let's(letsb)+not+動(dòng)詞原形

如:Let'snotsayanythingaboutit.

3.祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句

(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)部分用w川you或won'tyou0

如:Pleaseopenthedoor,will/won'tyou?

(2)否定祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)部分只用w川you0

如：Don'tbelateagain,willyou?

(3)以let's開(kāi)頭的祈使句反意疑問(wèn)句反問(wèn)部分用shallwe,letus

開(kāi)頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句的反問(wèn)部分應(yīng)為willyou或won't

you.

如：Letusstayhere,will/won'tyou?

Let'sturnontheTV,shallwe?

4.特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示外，還可用名詞、

副詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等表示。如：Help!Patience!Quickly!

Handsup!

5.祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。有時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，可以再動(dòng)詞前加上do,

表示“務(wù)必,一定"。

如：Dobecareful!

(二)、祈使句用于兩個(gè)重要句型中

1.祈使句+and+表結(jié)果的陳述句〃用來(lái)敘述肯定的條件。

2祈使句+or(else)+表結(jié)果的陳述句〃用來(lái)敘述否定的條件,or(else)

表示''否則；要不然”。

如：Hurryup,andyouIIcatchthetrain.(=Ifyouhurryup,you1l

catchthetrain.)

Hurryup,oryouIImissthetrain.(=Ifyoudon'thurryup,

youllmissthetrain.)

二、感嘆句

(-)感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法

感嘆句是抒發(fā)強(qiáng)烈感情的句子，如歡樂(lè)、興奮、驚奇、憤怒、悲

傷等，書(shū)面語(yǔ)中句末用感嘆號(hào)。常由what或者h(yuǎn)ow引導(dǎo)渚B表

示侈么’。

工、what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句what修飾名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)，有以下兩

種形式：

(1)What+a(an)+(形容詞)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))！

如：Whatanicegirl(sheis)!

Whataninterestingmovie(itis)!

(2M/hat+(形容詞計(jì)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞X主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!

如:Whatkindwomentheyare!

Whatnicemusic/badweather/goodnews(itis)!

2、how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句how用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)

有：

(1)How+形容詞(副詞)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！

如:Howhardtheworkerswork!

Howcleverthegirlis!

注意：當(dāng)how修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不跟著感嘆詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。

如：Howfasttherunnerruns!

(2)How+形容詞+a+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。

如：Howcleveraboyheis!

(二)特殊形式的感嘆句

1、在口語(yǔ)中常用省略句，有時(shí)只用一個(gè)詞或詞組。

如：Great!Howcold!Lookout!Whatafool!Whatapity!

Mygoodness!

2、Here/There開(kāi)頭的感嘆句：

(1).Here/There+主語(yǔ)(代詞)+謂語(yǔ)

如:Herehecomes!

(2).Here/There+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)(名詞)

如：Herecomesthebus!

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2x50)計(jì)分：

1.foodyou'vecooked!

A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.Whatnice

2.terribleweatherwearehavingthesedays!

A.WhatB.WhataC.How

3.—Ihad!

---Youreallyhadalot.

A.WhatagreattimeB.WhatgreattimeC.Howgreattime

4.heruns!

A.HowfastB.WhatfastC.Whatafast

5.TheTVistooloud.Please.

A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turningdownit

6.lateagain,Bill!

A.Don'tB.Don'tbeC.Notbe

7.crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.

A.NotB.Doesn'tC.Don't

8.Pleasehelpmecarryit,?

A.willIB.willyouC.shallwe

9.Don'tmakesomuchnoise,?

A.willyouB.won'tyouC.shallwe

10.Kate,yourhomeworkheretomorrow.

A.bringsB.bringC.bringing

11.methetruth,orI'llbeangry.

A.TellingB.TotellC.Tell

12.---nicegirlAliceis!

-Yes,sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

A.WhataB.HowC.What

13.excitingitwastoseethe2010EXPO!

A.WhatB.WhatanC.How

14.thelightswhenyouleavearoom.

A.TurnoffB.TurningoffC.Toturnoff

15.tallthegirlis!Sheissuretobecomeagood

basketballplayer.

A.HowB.WhataC.What

16.―Trynottobelateforschoolnexttime.

—Sure,I.

A.don'tB.won'tC.haven't

17.shedances!

A.HowgoodB.HowwellC.Whatwell

18._________brightgirlstheyare!

A.WhatB.WhataC.How

19.hardworkitis!

A.HowB.WhatC.Whata

20.Please—_____,they'rehavingameeting.

A.notbesonoisyB.bequiteC.nospeaking

21.tomeetmeatthestation.Illbewaitingthere.

A.NotforgetB.ForgetnotCDon'tforget

22.Lucy,thedoororsomeonewillcomein.

A.closeB.closesC.closing

23.playsoccerinthestreets.It'stoodangerous.

A.Let'sB.Don'tC.Do

24.friendlyheis!

A.WhatB.HowC.Whata

25.It'safineday.Let'sgofishing,?

A.won'tweB.willyouC.shallwe

26.Asignwiththewords''"isoftenfoundinabus.

A.NoparkingB.NosmokingC.TurnLeft

27.hisfatherworks!

A.HowcarefulB.HowcarefullyC.Whatcareful

28.heavysnow!

A.WhataB.WhatC.How

29.themooncakesare!

A.HowdeliciousB.WhatdeliciousC.Whata

delicious

30.Cindy,tobehereat8o'clock.

A.issurethatB.willbesureC.besure

31.Letusdoitatonce,?

A.shallweBwillyouCdowe

32.Pleaselookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.

A.notB.don'tC.aren't

33.tellalie.

A.NotB.NoC.Never

34.-Youlookverytired.stoppingtohavearest?

—Allright.

A.WhynotB.HowaboutC.Whydon't

35.Theyareverytired.Whyhavearest?

A.nottheyB.notheyC.don'tthey

36.yourchild.Welllookafterhim.

A.NottoworryaboutB.Don'tworryaboutC.Noworry

about

37.talkanymore!It'stimeforclass!

A.StopB.Don'tC.No

38.excitingnews!Wellhavealongvacationafterthe

exam.

A.HowB.WhatanC.What

39.speakloudlyinthemovietheater.

A.Can'tB.Don'tC.Not

40.It's7:30now.Let'swork.

A.goB.goingtoC.goto

41.________timeflies!

A.WhatB.HowC.Whata

42.________apity!

A.HowB.WhatC.Howa

43.Let's—____loudlyinpublic.

A.don'ttalkB.notalkingC.nottalk

44.MrRightis!

A.HowkindmanB.W