II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

SalesofclassicRussiannovelsaregoingthroughtheroof,accordingtoMoscow'sbiggest

bookstore-andit'sallthankstotheWorldCup.Russianbusinessesacrossthe11hostcitieshave

observedaboostthankstothetwomillionvisitorsthetournamenthasbroughttoRussian,according

tothegovernment.

"Themostsought-afterwriteramongthetouristsappears(21)(be)Mikhail

Bulgakov/'thedirectorofthebooksellerNadezhdaMikhailovatoldstatenewsagencyRIANovosti.

"InJune,salesofhisbookspublishedinforeignlanguagesgrew(22)30percentcompared

withpreviousmonths.(23)(popular)ofallofhisworksisthenovelTheMasterand

Margarita,especiallytheEnglish-languageedition.Thebookisalsosought-afterinSpanish,

GermanandItalian."

TheSoviet-eramasterpieceisasrenownedforitsplotandstorytellingasitisfortheanti-

establishmenthistoryofitsmysticalpieceofsatire,(24)centersonJosephStalinsSoviet

Unionin1940,shortlybeforehisdeath.(25)Moscow'scensorship(審查制度)，

whichBulgakovsufferedgreatlyfrom,thebookremainedofficiallyunpublished(26)

Stalindiedin1966.Sincethen,thenovel(27)(evolve)fromanundergroundmasterpiece

toawidelycommendedliteraryclassic.

SalesofPushkin*sworksinforeignlanguageshavedoubledoverthecourseoftheWorldCup,

accordingtoMikhailova.(28)(write)entirelyinverse(韻文),theRomanticpoet'snovel,

EugeneOneginisverypopularwithforeigners.Otherworks(29)(experience)aboomin

popularityarethelengthy19thcenturyclassicsAnnaKareninaandTheIdiot,byTolstoyand

Dostoevskyrespectively,andBorisPaster-nakrscontroversial20thcenturyromance,Doctor

Zhivago.

MuchlikeTheMasterandMargarita.Pasternak'sbookdidnotreceivepermissionfor(30)

(publish)bySovietauthorities,butthankstosmugglersinItalyandtheCIA,thebook

madeittotheprintingpressesinEurope.Russiancopiesthencovertly(秘密地)arrivedbackto

1

Pasternak'shomeland.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe

usedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.cultivatingB.talentC.temptationD.effectivelyE.surrendering

F.personalityG.favorH.schedulingI.identifyJ.visionK.monitored

Itistempting,whenyourshinyNewYears'resolutionsstarttocrumble(崩塌),totellyourself

thatself-controlsimplyisn'tyourstrongpoint.MOhwell/1youmightsay,—31—tothedesirefora

largeglassofbear.MNowillpower,that'smyproblem."

But,accordingtoabodyofscientificresearch,willpowerisnota(n)-32_thataluckyfew

arebornwith.Itisaskilltobepractised.^Willpowerisadynamic,fluctuatingresource,"explains

FrankRyan,consultantclinicalpsychologistandauthorofWillpowerforDummies."Ourlevelof

willpowerfluctuatesaccordingtoourmotivationinanygivensituation.Everybodycanlearntouse

theirwillpowermore_33_

Evenifyouarenottryingtoturnoveranewleafforthenewyear,_34_willpowerisagood

idea,asthepsychologistWalterMischeldemonstratedinthe1960sand70s.Inthisfamousstudy,a

groupoffour-year-oldswereofferedthechoiceofonesweettreatnow,ortwoiftheycouldwait15

minutes.Theirperformancewasthem_35_intoadulthood.The"highdelayers"wentonto

achievegreateracademicsuccess,butterhealthandlowerdivorcerates.

ToMaximizeourchancesofstickingtoresolutions,Ryansays,weshould_36—our

"willpowerprofile.Forexample:somepeoplearemoreimpulsivethanothers.Thatdoescomedown

to_37_n

Introvertstendtogetenergizedbythoughtsandideas,soifthat'syou,youshouldfinditeasier

togetmotivatedbyaninner_38—thanextroverts,whogetfiredupbypeopleandsocialapproval.

Forintroverts,_39_timetoreflectonyourprogress,suchaskeepingadiary,canbehelpful.For

extroverts,signingupforagroupsuchasPark-runorWeightWatcherswhereeveryonehasa

commongoalcanhelpyoutostrengthenyourresolve,ascansharingevensmallprogresswith

others.

"Youneedtolearnthecoreskillstocopewithtriggersandcuesthatactivateyourreward-

2

seekingresponse,nRyanadds."It'saboutcopingwith_40—,whichoftencomesfromthe

environment:thepeople,placesorthingsthatactasmotivationalmagnetstochallengeyour

willpower."Inotherwords:ifyouaretryingtoavoidcake,itisprobablybesttofindaroutehome

thatswervestheartisanaldoughnuts.

III.ReadingComprehensions

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordohphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Likeitorhateit,whenKimKardashianwearssomething,peopletakenotice.Withthereality

TVstarwearingsecondhandAzzedineAlaiatoParisfashionweek,secondhandJeanPaulGaultier

toapartyandasecondhand1990sThierryMuglergowntoanawardceremony,it_41_change

ishappening.WhowouldhavethoughthatKardashian-awomanworth$350m(￡270m)-would

bemakingacaseforsustainablefashion?

Asconsumersbecomeincreasinglyawareofthe_42_impactoffashion,theyarelooking

foramoresustainablewaytoshop.Could_43—secondhandbetheanswer?

Vintage,itseems,isincreasingly_44—.High-endboutiqueBrownshasalsojustlaunched

thelabelOneVintage,whichusesantique(古老的)textilestocreatenewclothes.Octavia

Bradford,thewomenswearbuyerforBrowns,says:"—45_istheloudestconversationinfashion

rightnow."

Astudyshowsthat,lastyeas,64%ofwomenwerewillingtobuypre-ownedpieces

comparedwith45%in2016—and_46—,by202813%oftheclothesinwomen'swardrobes

willbesecondhand.Fashioncircularity,anewtennreferringtotherecycledlifeofclothes,is

_47_toreach$51bninfiveyears,upfromthecurrent$24bn,accordingtoThredUp'sannual

resalereport.

StellaMcClure,thefounderoftheonlineshopTheStellarBoutique,hasnoticeda_48—.

Whensheopened20yearsago"therewasstilla_49_attached.Butnow(thankfully)The

StellarBoutiqueisnotjustacceptable--it'scoolandhascompletely_50—thefashiontrends,1'

shesays.

Asidefromanincreased_51_ofsustainability,vintagefashionfitsneatlyintothewider

3

moodoftheInstagramage,whereauthenticityandoriginality-notbeingseeninthesameoutfit

asanyoneelse--are-52—.Whatbetterwaystostandoutthantowearclothesfewothersre

likelytoown?

Not—53—tositbackandwatchothersprofitfromtheirvintageitems,someluxurylabels

arerelaunchingdecades-olddesignsfromtheirownarchives.Lastyear,_54_,Diorbrought

backitssaddlebagbecauseoftheattentionitwasgettinginthevintagefashionmarket.

However,forsome,buyingvintagewillneverfeelquiteright.HIt'sreallynotmybag,"says

Bates.Thereareobvious_55—-sizingisn'tuniform,and,shesays:"Youhavetobesocareful

tolookforholesandrips.”

41.A.suggestsB.maintainsC.calculatesD.advocates

42.A.culturalB.historicalC.environmentalD.emotional

43.A.distributingB.buyingC.controllingD.decreasing

44.A.infashionB.ineffectC.outofdateD.undercontrol

45.A.OriginalityB.TechnologyC.ProfitD.Sustainability

46.A.legallyB.appropriatelyC.likelyD.luckily

47.A.requiredB.projectedC.guaranteedD.warned

48.A.symptomB.fieldC.traditionD.shift

49.A.rightB.labelC.shameD.price

50.A.brokenB.definedC.capturedD.challenged

51.A.potentialB.awarenessC.lackD.power

52.A.reversedB.questionedC.ensuredD.valued

53.A.considerateB.contentC.stressfulD.adventurous

54.A.forinstanceB.asaresultC.bycontrastD.inaddition

55.A.expectationsB.policiesC.trapsD.reminders

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked,A,B,CandD.Choosethe

onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustneed.

4

(A)

"Itissurprisingthatpeopledonotbelievethatthereisimaginationinscience,"Nobel-

winningphysicistRichardFeynmanoncetoldanaudience.Notonlyisthatviewapparentlyfalse,

but"itisaveryinterestingkindofimagination,unlikethatoftheartist.Thegreatdifficultyisin

tryingtoimaginesomethingthatyouhaveneverseen,thatisconsistentineverydetailwithwhat

hasalreadybeenseen,andthatisdifferentfromwhathasbeenthoughtof;furthermore,itmustbe

definiteandnotavagueproposal."

Imaginationtakesthestuffofobservationandexperienceandrecombinestheminto

somethingnew.

In1968,thehighjumpwasawell-establishedsport.Youwouldrun,youwouldjump,and

youwouldmakeyourwayoverapoleinoneofseveralways.Inolderdaysyou'dlikelyusethe

scissors,scissoringoutyourlegsasyouglidedover,butbythesixtiesyou'dprobablybeusingthe

straddleorthebellyroll,facingdownandbasicallyrollingoverthebar.Whicheverstyleyou

used,you'dbefacingforwardwhenyoumadeyourjump.Imaginetryingtojumpbackward.That

wouldberidiculous.

DickFosbury,however,didn'tthinkso.Allthroughhighschool,he'dbeendevelopinga

backward-facingstyle,andnow,incollege,itwastakinghimhigherthaniteverhad.Hewasn't

surewhyhedidit.Hedidn'tcarewhatanyoneelsewasdoing.Hejustjumpedwiththefeelingof

thething.Peoplejokedandlaughed.Certainly,nooneexpectedhimtomaketheU.S.Olympic

team-letalonewintheOlympics.Butwinhedid,settingAmericanandOlympicrecordswithhis

7-fbot-4.25-inch(2.24meter)jump,only1.5inchesshortoftheworldrecord.

Withhisunprecedentedtechnique,calledtheFosburyFlop,Fosburydidwhatmanyother

moretraditionalathleteshadnevermanagedtoaccomplish:herevolutionized,inaveryrealway,

anentiresport.Evenafterhiswin,expectationswerethathewouldremainalonebirdjumpingin

hisesotericstylewhiletherestoftheworldlookedon.Butsince1978noworldrecordhasbeen

setbyanyoneotherthanaflopper;andby1980,thirteenofsixteenOlympicfinalistswere

floppingacrossthebar.Tothisday,theflopremainsthedominanthighjumpstyle.Thestraddle

looksoldandawkwardincomparison.Whyhadn'tanyonethoughtofreplacingitearlier?

Fosburywasn'tevenaparticularytalentedjumper.Itwasallintheapproach.

5

56.AccordingtoRichardFeynman,imaginationinscience.

A.issimilartothatoftheartistB.isdefiniteanddetailed

C.isobvioustomostpeopleD.isanunclearthought

57.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutFosburyaccordingtothepassage?

A.Heimprovedthefeelingofjumpinginhighschool.

B.Hewasnotsurewhyotherslaughedathim.

C.Hesetaworldrecordbyjumpinginabackward-facingway.

D.HewonagoldmedalattheOlympics.

58.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Backward,AwkwardB.LifeoftheFirstFlopper.

C.HigherWithImaginationD.LaughLast,LaughBest.

(B)

ForgetCyclists,PedestriansAreRealDanger

Wearehavingadebateaboutthistopic.Herearesomelettersfromourreaders.

■Yes,manycyclistsbehavedangerously.Manydriversaredisrespectfulofcyclists.But

pedestriansareprobablytheworstoffenders.

Peopleofallageshappilywalkalongthepavementwitheyesandhandsgluedtothemobile

phone,quiteunawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Theymayevendothesamethingwhile

crossingaroadatapedestriancrossingorelsewhere.Therestofushavetoevade(避讓)them

orjuststandstilltowaitfortheunavoidablecollision.

Therealproblemisthatsomepedestriansseemtobe,atleastforthemoment,inworldsof

theirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.

—MichaelHoran

■IlovedtheletterfromBobBrooksaboutcyclists(Viewpoints,May29).Iamafraidthe

seemtothinktheyowntheroads.

IwaswalkingacrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwentroundmeandon

beingaskedwhathewasdoingheshoutedatme.

Thegovernmentbuiltacyclelaneontheroadbutitishardlyused.

Thepolicedonothing.Whatalaughtheyare!

6

Thecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,fluorescent

(發(fā)熒光的)jacketsandlightsatnightandinthemorning.Theyshouldpaysomesortoftax

andbefinedfbrnotwearingthem.

—CarolHarvey

■Cyclistsjumponandoffpavements(whicharemeantforpedestrians),rideatspeedalong

thepavements,andthinktheyhaveaspecialrighttogothroughtrafficlightswhentheyareon

red.

Iwasalmostknockeddownrecentlybyacyclistridingonthepavementwhentherewasa

cyclelanerightnexttohim.

Otherroadusers,includinghorseriders,managetoobeytherulessowhynotcyclists?

It'sabouttimetheywereregisteredandinsured,sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicle,

orcauseanaccident,atleasttheycanbetreatedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaim

compensation.

-JML

WritetoViewpointsofthenewspaper.

59.MichaelHoranwrotethelettermainlytoshowthat.

A.driversshouldbepolitetocyclistsB.roadaccidentscanactuallybeavoided

C.somepedestriansareathreattoroadsafetyD.walkingwhileusingphoneshurtsone'seyes

60.CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclistsshould.

A.beprovidedwithenoughroadsB.beaskedtorideontheirownlanes

C.bemadetopaylesstaxforcyclingD.befinedforlaughingatpolicemen

61.WhatisacomplaintofJML?

A.Veryfewdriversareinsured.B.Cyclistsridefastonpavements.

C.Pedestriansgothroughredtrafficlights.D.Horseridersdisrespectotherroadusers.

62.Thethreeletterspresentviewpointson.

A.therealsourceofroaddangerB.waystoimproveroadfacilities

C.measurestopunishroadoffencesD.increasedawarenessofroadrules

(C)

Badluckalwaysseemstostrikeattheworstpossiblemoment.Amanabouttointerviewfor

7

hisdreamjobgetsstuckintraffic.Alawstudenttakingherfinalexamwakesupwithablinding

headache.Arunnertwistshisankleminutesbeforeabigrace.Perfectexampleofcruelfate.

Orarethey?Psychologistswhostudysuchcommonaccidentsnowbelievethatinmany

instancestheymaybecarefullyarrangedschemesofthesubconsciousmindandthatpeopleoften

engageinaformofself-defeatingbehaviorknownasself-handicapping-or,inplainterms,

excusemaking.Ifsasimpleprocess:Bytakingonacrippling（有嚴重后果的）handicap,a

personmakesitmorelikelythatheorshewillfailatanendeavor（努力）.Thoughitseemslike

acrazythingtodo,researcherssayitisactuallyaclevertrickofthemind,onethatsetsupawin-

winsituationbyallowingapersontosavefacewhenheorshedoesfail.

Aclassicself-handicapperistheFrenchchesschampionDeschapelles,wholivedduringthe

18thcentury.Hewasanoutstandingplayerwhoquicklybecamechampionofhisregion.But

whencompetitiongrewtougher,headoptedanewconditionforallmatches:Hewouldcompete

onlyifhisopponentwouldremoveoneofDeschapelles1pawns（國際象棋中的兵）andmake

thefirstmove,increasingtheoddsthatDeschapelleswouldlose.Ifhedidlose,hecouldblameit

ontheotherplayer'sadvantageandnoonewouldknowthetruelimitsofhisability;butifhewon

againstsuchodds,hewouldbeallthemorehonoredforhisamazingtalents.Psychologistsnow

usetheterm''Deschapellescoup"torefertoactsofself-handicappingprevailingintoday'sworld.

Overall,menaremorelikelythanwomentomakeexcuses.Severalstudiessuggestthatmen

feeltheneedtoappearcompetentinallrealms,whilewomenworryonlyabouttheskillsinwhich

they'veinvestedheavily.Askamanandawomantogoscubadiving（水肺潛水）forthefirst

time,andthewomanislikelytojumpin,whilethemanislikelytofirstmakeitknownthathe's

notfeelingtoowell.

Infact,thepeoplemostlikelytobecomechronicexcusemakersarethoseobsessedwith

success,saystheresearcher.Suchpeoplearesoafraidofbeinglabeledafailureatanythingthat

theyconstantlydeveloponehandicaporanotherinordertoexplaintheirfailures.

Self-handicappingmaybeaneffectivewayofcopingwithperformanceanxiety.Intheend,

researcherssay,itisaFaustianbargain（浮士德契約）.Overthelongrun,excusemakersfailto

liveuptotheirtruepotential.Anddespitetheirproteststothecontrary,theyhaveonlythemselves

toblame.

63.Whichofthefollowingisthechieftopicofthepassage?

8

A.Ananalysisonhowpeopleavoidfailure.

B.Thestoryofaclassicself-handicapper,Deschapelles.

C.Thepsychologicaltrickssomepeopleusetoavoidfailure.

D.Acomparisonbetweenthewaysmenandwomenavoidfailure.

64.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatastudentwhowantedtoengageinself-handicapping

wouldmostprobably.

A.trytocheatonatesttogetahighscore.

B.getdrunkthenightbeforeabigexam

C.takenotesonlyaboutthekeypointsinclass

D.workashardaspossibleforanimportantexam

65.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Menaremorecompetentthanwomeninmosttrades.

B.Menaremorereadytofacenewchallengesthanwomen.

C.Byself-handicapping.Deschapellessucceededinshowingthetruelimitsofhisability.

D.Deschapelles'wayofselfOhandicappingwastogivehisopponentsmoreadvantages.

66.BysayingnitisaFaustianBargain/researchersmeanthat.

A.chronicexcuse-makingisanindicationofone'sdepression

B.self-handicappingisoftenaneffectivewayofaddressinganxiety

C.excuse-makerswillsufferfromthedestructivebehavioreventually

D.self-handicappingbehaviorsisadifficultandcomplexprocesstounderstand

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.

Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.MWecanonlyhopetoberightsomeofthetime,"youremindedme."That'swhywecallitRE-

search."

B.ItwasalessonIrepeatedoverandovertheyearofyourdeathandthatIhaverevisitedoften

duringthedifficultmomentsofisolationandhardshipinmyservice.

C.BecauseIexperiencedyoulearningfrommeasayounggirl,Iampreparedtoreceivethe

9

manylessonsmystudentshavetoteachme.

D.ManyofthegirlsIteachare17,thesameageIwaswhenyoudiedsuddenlyofaheartattack.

E.Iworkedwiththeschoolprincipaltopersuadegirlstochoosesciencesubjects.

F.Youknewthatbeliefswehaveaboutourselveschangethewaysourbrainswork.

DearDad

Theydon'tcelebrateFather'sDayinWestAfricawhereIamservingwiththePeaceCorps,but

Ithinkaboutyoualothere,andyourimpactonmyloveofscience.InowteachphysicsinFrench

toclassesofover100inaruralvillageinGuinea（幾內亞）.67

InGuineaonly15.4percentofgirlsfinishprimaryschool.Andyouworriedaboutthegender

disparitiesinSTEM!Ihavebeenexploringtheresearchonscienceeducation,whichshowsthe

impactofmentor-shipandmessagingongirl'sretentionandsuccessinSTEMfields.Inowseethat

Imayaswellhavebeenraisedonthisbodyofresearch,thoughmostofitwaspublishedafteryour

death.Threemessagesstandoutinstarkcontrasttothemessagesthatmystudentstendtohear:

*'Iloveitwhenyouprovemewrong!'*youwouldexclaimgleefullywhenIchallengedyouin

anyofourdiscussions.Youflexibilitytooktheconflictoutofchallengeandputusonthesameteam

inpursuitoftruth.YourwillingnesstobeprovenwrongbyayounggirldespiteyourHarvard

MD/PhDgavemetheconfidencetoquestionanyone.Italsotaughtmemodesty.68

Youshowedmethepowerofanopenmind:pricelessinsightsmaycomefromunlikelysources,

evenme,youryoungdaughter.

_69WhenIwonderedwhytherewerenotmoregirlsin6th-gradeadvancedmath

andsupposethatboysmaybegeneticallybetteratmaththangirls,HTheytrickedyou!Ican'tbelieve

it!Myowndaughter."Youneverletmeunderminemyconfidenceandpassion.

Anothermessagealsoringssotrue."It'sgoodthatit'shard,thatmeansthatyou'regrowing,"

youtoldmewhenIstruggledwithschoolworkorasocialproblem.Youremindedmethatwegrow

thatmostwhenweareoutofourcomfortzones.70____

IsharethesegiftsyougavemewiththegirlsIteach,whofacesomanychallengesfromliving

inextremepoverty.

IV.SummaryWriting

10

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ArecentHarvardstudyconcludedthatgraduatestudentsareoverthreetimesmorelikelythan

theaverageAmericantoexperiencementalhealthdisordersanddepression.

Mostpeopleprobablyputdoctoralstudentsintothesamecategoryasundergrads.Thereality

isthattheirlifestyleandthenatureoftheirworkarefundamentallydifferent.IntheSTEMfields,

aswellasmanyotherfields,graduatestudentsarereallyhardlystudentsatall.Formostoftheir

programs,whichlastoversixyearsonaverage,theyaren'tpreparingfbrwrittenexams,taking

coursesordoinganyofthetasksusuallyassociatedwithstudentlife.Insteadtheyarededicating

oftenover60hoursaweektowardsperformingcuttingedgeresearchandwritingjournalarticles

thatwillbeusedtogetmillionsofdollarsinuniversityresearchfunding.

Whilegraduatestudentsarecompensatedfortheirworkbyasupervisingprofessor,their

salarieslagwhatthejobmarketwouldoffertopeoplewiththeirqualifications,whichofteninclude

bothmaster'sandbachelor'sdegrees.Further,unl