翻譯技巧4減詞CuttingpronounsCuttingconjunctionsCuttingarticlesCuttingprepositionsCuttingrepeatedphrasesFromtheGrammaticalAspect

Ⅰ.CuttingpronounsACuttingthepronounassubject1.根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣，后句主語若與前句相同，不必重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。e.g.Butit’sthewayIam,andtryasImight,Ihaven’tbeenabletochangeit.—不過我就是這個脾氣，雖然竭力想改，終究還是改不了。2.泛指人稱代詞作主語時，即便是第一個主語，也往往省略掉。e.g.Youcannevertell. —很難說。e.g.Weeattolive,butnotlivetoeat. —吃飯是為了活著，可活著不是為了吃飯。e.g.Anyonewhodoesnotrecognizethisfactisnotamaterialist.—不承認這個事實，就不是唯物主義者。BCuttingthepronounasobjecte.g.Thisformulamakesiteasytodeterminethewavelengthofsounds.—這一公式使得測定聲音的波長十分簡單。e.g.Beforehandinginyourtranslation,youhavetoreaditoverandoveragainandseeifthereisanythinginittobecorrectedorimproved.—交出翻譯之前必須多讀幾遍，看看里面有沒有要修改的地方。CCuttingthepossessivepronoune.g.Fortwoweeks,hehadbeenstudyingthehouse,lookingatitsrooms,itselectricwiring,itspathanditsgarden.—連著兩星期他都在觀察房子的情況，檢查各個房間，查看線路、通道和花園的布局。e.g.Thetraincame.Hepinchedhislittlesisterlovingly,andputhisgreatarmsabouthismother’sneckandthenwasaway.—火車來了。他疼愛地捏了捏小妹妹，粗壯的胳膊摟了一下母親的脖子，然后就走了。DCuttingthepronounincomparativesentencee.g.TheclimateinSwitzerlandisabsolutelydifferentfromthatinSomalia.—瑞士的氣候與索馬里截然不同。ECutting“it”A)Cutting“it”asimpersonalpronoune.g.Outsideitwasrainingcatsanddogsassheshutthedoor.—她關(guān)門時外面正下著滂沱大雨。B)Cutting“it”asemphaticpronoune.g.ItwasonlythenthatIbegantohavedoubtswhethermystorywouldeverbetold.—直到那時我才開始懷疑，我的經(jīng)歷究竟能不能公諸于眾。Ⅱ.CuttingconjunctionsACuttingthecoordinatingconjunctione.g.HeconsideredtheNationalSecurityCounciltoolargeandbulkyandthustooleaky,toomanypeoplewhotalkedtoomuch.—他認為國家安全委員會機構(gòu)過于龐大臃腫，人多嘴雜，容易泄密。e.g.Yourparentsoryourwifeoryoursonoryourbestfriendsmightbeexpectingyoubackhomesafeandsound.—也許你的父母，妻兒，或者你最好的朋友都在盼望你平安回家呢。BCuttingthesubordinateconjunction1.省略表示原因的連接詞e.g.Weknewthatsummerwascoming,aswecouldseeaswallow.—我們看見一只燕子，知道夏天就要來臨了。e.g.Becausethedeparturewasnoteasy,we’dbettermakeitbrief.—離別不是件容易的事（離別真叫人難受），我們還是簡短些吧。2.省略表示條件的連接詞e.g.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?—冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？（雪萊《西風(fēng)頌》）e.g.IwouldnothavesaiditifIhadknownit.—早知如此我就不說了。3.省略表示時間的連接詞e.g.Whenatlasthestooduponthebluff,heturnedtohislittlesisterandlookeduponhersorrowfully.—最后他站到了懸崖上，轉(zhuǎn)過身來，悲哀地看著他的小妹妹。e.g.Atlonglast,onJune6,1944,aftertheEuropeanwarwasbasicallydecidedandHitlerlicked,theallieslaunchedtheirlong-delayedwesternfront.—1944年6月6日，歐洲戰(zhàn)局基本已見分曉，希特勒敗局已定，盟軍終于在這一天開辟了延遲了很久的西線戰(zhàn)場。Ⅲ.Cuttingarticlese.g.Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritisasolid,aliquid,oragas.—任何物質(zhì)，不論是固體、液體或氣體，都由原子構(gòu)成。（類別）e.g.Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.—月亮從海上冉冉升起。（獨一無二的事物）e.g.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.—我到電影院時，電影已經(jīng)開始了。（特指）

但在下列情況中冠詞不能省略：不定冠詞“a(n)”強調(diào)數(shù)目“一”或“每一”、“同一”時：e.g.twiceaweek;birdsofafeather同一種類的鳥e.g.Heleftwithoutsayingaword.—他一句話不說就走了。定冠詞“the”強調(diào)“這”、“那”時：e.g.Thisistheboywhobrokeourwindowfiveminutesago,sir!Ⅳ.Cuttingprepositionse.g.Thedifferencebetweenthetwomachinesconsistsinpower.—這兩臺機器的差別在于功率不同。e.g.Hydrogenisthelightestelementwithanatomicweightof1.0008.—氫是最輕的元素，原子量為1.0008。**一般說來，表示時間和地點的介詞短語放在譯文句首時大都可省。e.g.Thebattlebeganat11:00p.m.—夜晚11點，戰(zhàn)役打響了。（比較：戰(zhàn)役在夜晚11點打響。）e.g.Anancientcastlestoodontheedgeofthecliff.—懸崖邊矗立著一座古堡。（比較：一座古堡矗立在懸崖邊。）ⅴ.Cuttingverbse.g.Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.—氣壓低，沸點就低。e.g.Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.—如同液體和氣體一樣，固體也會膨脹和收縮。FromtheRhetoricalAspect

1.Cuttingtherepeatedphrasee.g.Insteadofoneoldwomanknockingmeaboutandstarvingme,everybodyofallagesknockedmeaboutandstarvedme.—那時打我、讓我挨餓的不只是一個老太婆，而是老老少少各式各樣的人。2.Cuttingwordswhicharenotnecessarye.g.Hisyoungersisterisanactress.—他妹妹是個（女）演員。e.g.Asscheduled,ChineseandAmericandiplomatsmetonJanuary20,attheChineseEmbassyinPoland.Itwastheirfirstget-togetherinmorethantwoyears.中美兩國外交官按照預(yù)定計劃于一月二十日在波蘭的中國大使館會晤。這是兩年多來的第一次。e.g.Universityapplicantswhohadworkedatajobwouldreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohadnot.—報考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的將優(yōu)先錄取。Homework:SentenceTranslation1.ButHumboldtnevertooktothem.Hedislikedtheiraffluentwayoflife,withplentyoffoodanddrinkandalltheworkdoneforthembytheIndians.AsfarasHumboldtwasconcerned,theyonlydidhimonepositiveservice.TheytookhislettersandsawthattheyweresenttohisfriendsinEurope.2.Theywentintodinner.Itwasexcellent,andthewinewasgood.Itsinfluencepresentlyhaditseffectonthem.Theytalkednotonlywithoutacrimony,butevenwithfriendliness.3.Despitetheprivation,andthemountingtollofdeadandwounded,moraleremainedintact,andpeoplestillsmileinthestreet.4.Shecurtseyedagain,andwouldhaveblusheddeeper,ifshecouldhaveblusheddeeperthanshehadblushedallthetime.5.Afteradecadeonthenewcontinent,theimmigrantsfromEuropehadfittedthemselvestotheland，theclimat