專題七定語從句核心考點課堂突破高考感悟單句填空1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)...ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.2.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.3.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.(2019·全國Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.5.(2018·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.考點歸納考點一關系代詞與關系副詞關系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注who人主語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中作賓語時,?？梢允÷?但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人賓語MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人、物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人、物主語、賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語、賓語Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人、物主語、賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作賓語一般不省略when時間時間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替換where地點地點狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替換why原因原因狀語Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替換注意1.當先行詞為way,意為“方法、方式”,且在定語從句中作主語、賓語時,可用關系代詞which或that;作狀語時,要用inwhich或that或不填任何關系詞。Theway(that/inwhich)hefinishedthetasksuccessfullywasdifficulttounderstand.(作狀語)Theway(that/which)heexplainedtomewasnotdifficulttounderstand.(作賓語)2.當先行詞為time時,若表示“一段時間”,后面定語從句用when引導,也可用at/duringwhich;若表示“次數(shù)”,后面定語從句用that引導,that可以省略。TherewasatimewhenwehadnoTVsets.Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedourcountry.考點二that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說明例句只用that的情況1.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時3.先行詞有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時4.先行詞既指人又指物時5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which,為了避免重復時Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況1.在非限制性定語從句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人2.在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中,只能用which指物,whom指人3.先行詞本身是that時,關系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,ones時多用whoHehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.考點三限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關系十分密切,寫時不用逗號分開TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.續(xù)表類別語法意義及特征例句非限制性定語從句對先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關系不是十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開,相當于一個插入語,不能用that引導,關系代詞作賓語時也不能省略Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.考點四as與which的區(qū)別定語從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時,關系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如,像”的含義,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引導的從句只能放主句后,指代主句中某物或整個句子所表達的內(nèi)容Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,hewasafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.注意as多用于下列習慣用語中:①asanybodycansee正如大家能看到的那樣②aswehadexpected正如我們所預料的那樣③asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣④ashasbeensaidbefore如之前所述⑤asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的考點五定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別that引導同位語從句時,在從句中不作任何成分,而that引導定語從句時則充當主語、賓語或表語等成分Don’tyouforgetthepromise(that)youmade?Hemakesapromisethathewillmakeyouveryrichifyouworkwithhim.what,whether和how不可以引導定語從句,但可以引導同位語從句Thereissomedoubtwhethershewillbedismissedfromschool.定語從句前面的名詞既可以是具體名詞,也可以是抽象名詞;而同位語從句所修飾的詞一般是抽象名詞,從句說明該名詞所指的具體內(nèi)容Thepatientacceptedtheadvicethatsmokingshouldbegivenup.(同位語從句)ThisistheadvicewhichwasgivenbyTom.(定語從句)專項訓練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.2.ItwasonthefarmweworkedthatIgottoknowher.3.Apersone-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.4.Youshouldreadonlysuchbooksyoucanunderstandwithoutmuchdifficulty.5.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcasesbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.6.Thereasonhewantstosellhishouseisthatheneedsalotofmoneyforhisoperation.7.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,afterhefoundajobinabigcompany.8.Shewaspleasedwiththewayhehadacceptedhercriticism.9.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostofarehealthy.Attheageotherpeopleretire,Francisbeganthegreatestcauseinhislife.10.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.Ⅱ.語法填空Thebooksonthedesks,1.coversareshiny,areprizesforus.Thebookiswellwrittenandwellprinted.Therearefew,ifany,mistakesinit.Thisisthebook2.Ihavereaddozensoftimes.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark3.youhaveanyquestions.FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridge4.helpsustoseekthetruth.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork5.agoodimpressionisamust.Iamlookingforwardtotheday6.mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.Iborrowedanotherbookfromthelibrarylastweek,7.myclassmaterecommendedtome.Tobehonest,Idon’reallyliketheauthor.Itisnotsuchabook8.canbeconsideredexciting.Besides,Ijustcan’tunderstandtheway