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Migratory（遷徙的）birdsaredeclininggloballybecauseofthe

waythathumanshavechangedthelandscapeoverrecent

decades—accordingtonewresearchfromtheUniversityof

EastAnglia（UEA）.

Anewstudypublishedtodayrevealsthatpopulationdeclines

havebeengreatestamongspeciesthatmigratetoareaswith

morehumaninfrastructure—roads,buildings,powerlines,

windturbines（渦輪機(jī)）一aswellasmorepopulationand

huntinglevels.

Dr.JamesGilroy,fromUEA'sSchoolofEnvironmental

Sciences,said,“Weknowthatmigratorybirdsareingreater

declinethannon-migratoryspecies,butit'snotclearwhy.We

wanttofindoutwhereintheirlifecyclesthesemigratoryspecies

aremostexposedtohumanimpacts.”

Theresearchteamidentified16human-inducedthreatsto

migratorybirds,includinginfrastructureassociatedwithbird

disturbanceandimpacts,transformationoflandfromnatural

habitattohumanlanduse,andclimatechange.Advancesin

satelliteimageryallowedtheteamtomapeachofthe16threats

acrossEurope,AfricaandWesternAsia.Theteamalsocreated

thefirsteverlarge-scalemapofhuntingpressureacrossthe

region.Atotalof103speciesofmigratingbirdswerestudied,

includingmanyrapidlydecliningspeciesliketheturtledoveand

thecommoncuckoo,usinglarge-scaledatasets.Theteam

calculatedthreatscoresforfactorssuchashabitatlossand

climatechange,acrossbreedinglocations,aswellas

non-breedingranges.Theythenexploredtherelationships

betweenthesethreatscoresandbirdpopulationtrends

calculatedfrom1985to2018bythePan-EuropeanCommon

BirdMonitoringScheme(PECBMS).

Dr.AldinaFranco,alsofromUEA'sSchoolofEnvironmental

Sciences,said,"Ourfindingsareimportantbecauseweneedto

understandwheredecliningspeciesarebeingmostimpactedby

humansacrosstheirseasonalmigrations.Locatingwherebirds

aremostexposedtothesethreatscouldhelpustarget

conservationactions/1

12.Whatcausesmigratorybirdstodecrease?

A.Alongermigratoryroute.B.Seriousindustrialpollution.

C.Illegalhuntingfromhumans.D.Thechangingoflandscape.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"infrastructure”in

paragraph2referto?

A.Basicsystemsandservices.B.Localtransportation.

C.Internetfacilities.D.Powersupplies.

14.Whatdoesparagraph4talkabout?

A.Theresultsofthestudy.B.Thepromiseofthestudy.

C.Theprocessofthestudy.D.Thedatabaseofthestudy.

15.Whatisthepurposeofstudyingmigratorybirdsaccordingto

Dr.AldinaFranco?

A.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingbirds.

BToofferadvicetodoconservationworkprecisely.

C.Tostressthenecessityofincreasingbirdpopulation.

DTostatetheimportanceoflivinginharmonywithnature.

【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B

Researchershavedevelopedanewmethodfortraining

peopletobecreative,onethatshowspromiseofsucceedingfar

betterthancurrentwaysofinspiringcreativity.

Thisnewmethod,basedonnarrative（敘述的）theory,helps

peoplebecreativeinthewaychildrenandartistsarebymaking

upstoriesthatimaginealternativeworlds,changeperspective

andgenerateunexpectedactions.

“Thenarrativemethodworksbyrecognizingthatwe'reall

creative/7saidAngusFletcher,whodevelopedthemethodand

isaprofessorofEnglishandamemberoftheOhioState

University'sProjectNarrative."Weasasocietycompletely

undervaluethecreativityofkidsandmanyothersbecausewe

areaddictedtotheideathatsomepeoplearemorecreative

thanothers.”

Thenarrativemethodoftrainingforcreativityusesmanyof

thetechniquesthatwritersusetocreatestories.Oneisto

developnewworldsinyourmind.Forexample,employeesata

companymightbeaskedtoimagineaworldinwhichalltheir

customersarelikethat.Anothertechniqueis

perspective-changing.Anemployermightbeaskedtoanswera

problembythinkinglikeanothermemberoftheirteam.

“Creativityisn'taboutguessingthefuturecorrectly.Itzs

aboutmakingyourselfopentoimaginingcompletelydifferent

possibilities,Fletchersaid."Whenyoudothat,youcan

respondmorequicklyandflexiblytothechangesthatdooccur.”

Fletcherandhisteamarealsocontinuingtoworkwithnew

organizations,suchastheWorthingtonLocalSchoolDistrictin

Ohio.

"It'sbettertohireadiversegroupofpeopleandthentrain

themtobecreative.Thatcreatesaculturewhichrecognizesthat

therearealreadycreativepeopleinyourorganizationyouaren1

ttakingadvantageof,"hesaid."Thisnewmethodoftraining

creativitycouldonlyhavecomefromOhioStateUniversity's

ProjectNarrative,whichisitselfproofofthepowerofcreativity//

8.Whatmaymakethenarrativemethodworkableaccordingto

Fletcher?

A.Creatingalternativestories.B.Changingnewperspective.

C.Generatingunexpectedtasks.D.Beingawareofourcreativity.

9.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph4?

A.Byusingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparison.

C.Byansweringquestions.D.Byquotingtechniques.

10.Whatresultisexpectedoftrainingcreativity?

A.Todevelopaculturegradually.B.Toreacttochangesquickly.

C.Tocreatepossibilitiesfreely.D.Topredi