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熱考主題強化訓(xùn)練(三)生態(tài)環(huán)保(限時30分鐘)A(2023·信陽三模)ResearcherRuijiaHusaidwildlifehabitatincrowdedplaceslikesouthwentOhioisbecomingincreasinglyfragmented(分散)asforestsgivewaytonewconstruction.Eventually,thiscouldmaketroubletoananimalwithspecifichabitatneedslikeOhio'npileated(紅冠)woodpecker.Pileatedwoodpeckershavethenicknamecarpenterbirdsfortheirnever-endingnaturalwoodworking.Theypeckoutholesintreesfortheirnestseveryyear,creatinglotsofvaluablehomesforanimalslikefoxsquirrelsandowls.“Theymakenewnestseveryyear.Theywon'treuseoldones,”Husaid.“Otheranimalsdependonthem.”Pileatedwoodpeckersareprivatebirdsthataremoreoftenheardthanseen.Studyingthemcanbeespeciallydifficult.SoHuturnedtocitizenscienceforhelp.Toidentifywherewoodpeckershavebeenseen,sheusedeightyearsofsightingscollectedbybirdersandloggedintothewebsiteeBird,afreeonlinetoolandappthatanyonecanusetorecordtheirobservationsandlocations.Sheoverlaidthesesightingswithremotesensingdataandfoundthatcorridorsalongriversandcreekswithabundantmaturetreesanddeadwoodhelpedthebirdsadjusttotheirincreasinglyfragmentedurbanlandscape.“Withfragmentedforests,manyhabitatsthatwereoncesuitableforwildlifearebrokenup,”Husaid.“Wildlifeisunabletofindhabitatbigenoughtomeettheirsurvivalneeds.Andeveniftherearesuitablehabitats,thedistancebetweenthemcanbetoogreat.Wildlifecorridorslinkupthesehabitatpatches.Sincewildlifecantravelandmigratefromonepatchtoanother,theprobabilityoffindingfoodandshelterishigher.”“Therearesomanyspeciesinurbanareasthatwedon'tpayattentionto,especiallywhenthey'renotconsideredvulnerable,”Husaid.“Withdevelopmentchippingawayatmoreforestinthiscrowdedcounty,thetippingpoint(臨界點)couldcomequicklyandunexpectedly.Youcan'tfixitovernight.It'snotjustaboutplantingmoretrees.Thebirdsneedmatureforest,soitcouldtake30to50yearstoreplacetheirhabitat.Atleastwecanprotecttheseriversideforestcorridorsandseethatexistingtreesreachmaturity.”語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文,介紹了隨著森林被新的建筑所取代,野生動物的棲息地正變得越來越分散,最終,這可能會給有特定棲息地需求的動物帶來麻煩,比如俄亥俄州的紅冠啄木鳥。1.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A.Themagpie'snestisoccupiedbythedove.B.Birdsabandontheoldfortheneweasily.C.Friendshipreallyexistsamonganimals.D.One'strashisanothertreasure.解析:選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theypeckoutholesintrees...Otheranimalsdependonthem.”可知,紅冠啄木鳥每年都在樹上啄洞筑巢,但它們不會重復(fù)使用舊的,這些舊巢可以被其他動物利用。2.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.TheeffectofHu'sstudyonbirds.B.TheprocessofHu'sresearch.C.ThedifficultyHuhadinherstudy.D.Theapplicationoftechnology.解析:選B段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,本段主要講述了胡的研究過程。3.Whatroledowildlifecorridorsplayforbirds?A.Helpingthemsurviveinthefragmentedlandscape.B.Makingthemadjusttodeadwoodquickly.C.Providingthemwithenoughfoodforsurvival.D.Ensuringthemastableandsafehabitat.解析:選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Wildlifeisunabletofindhabitatbigenoughtomeettheirsurvivalneeds...findingfoodandshelterishigher.”可知,野生動物走廊幫助動物在支離破碎的環(huán)境中生存。4.WhatdoesHuimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest.B.Bewiseaftertheevent.C.Prepareforarainyday.D.Takethingsastheycome.解析:選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,此段中胡暗示:我們不能等問題出現(xiàn)了才去采取行動,那樣就太晚了,我們需要未雨綢繆。[謹防最易錯的那一個]錯因:本題易誤A。部分考生不了解諺語的含義,而只是根據(jù)最后一段Hu講的話是關(guān)于森林砍伐之類的話題而誤認為應(yīng)該選取與forest相關(guān)的選項。分析:解答這種題目,平時要注意常用諺語的積累。如本題A項表示“獨木不成林”;B項表示“事后諸葛亮”;C項表示“未雨綢繆”;D項表示“順其自然”。結(jié)合最后一段Hu說的話可判斷應(yīng)該是“未雨綢繆”。B(2023·棗莊二模)AvolunteerteaminSouthAfricaisrescuingpangolinsfromillegaltradeastheanimalsfacegrowingthreatsofextinction.Pangolins,orscalyant-eatersastheyareotherwiseknown,areuniquespeciesfoundinAsiaandAfrica.Theyarecoveredinhardscales(鱗甲).Whentheyfeelthreatened,theyrollupintoatightballwithonlytheirscalesexposed.Pangolinsarelittlestudiedandlittleunderstoodspecies.However,theyarepoachedandillegallytradedinAsiaandAfrica.TheirmeatisconsideredadelicacyinmanyAsiancountriesandthescalesareusedinexpensiveclothingandhandbags.Butmuchoftheillegaltradeinpangolinsinvolvestheirscales,whicharethoughttofightillnesses.Highdemandfortheirscaleshasresultedinpoachingandillegaltradedespitethefactthatthespeciesisprotected.TheAfricanPangolinWorkingGroupinJohannesburgisavolunteerteamofveterinarians(獸醫(yī))andwildlifeexperts.Theytakecareoftheirwounds,feedthemandbringthembacktohealth.NicciWrightheadsthegroup.“Whenwereceivethosepangolins,theyareallveryweak,whethertheyhavebeenwiththepoachersforafewdaysoruptotwoweeks,”Wrightsaid.“Theyhavegotwoundsandinjuries,anditisverypitifulandverydifficulttoemotionallydealwiththatkindofsufferingandabuse.”Thegroupisnotjusttreatingpangolins.Theyalsohelppolicetoidentifyandcatchpoachersandtraders,ofteninundercoveroperations.Theyalsoworkonanti-traffickingmeasures.Thelatestprogramistotraindogstosniffoutpangolinsbeinghiddenandtransported.Itisreportedthat97tonsofpangolinscaleswereseizedfromsmugglerswhotriedtotakethemoutofAfricalastyear.Thisamountstoabout150,000poachedanimals.However,it'sonlyabout20percentofthetotalnumber,becausetherestescapedwiththepoachers.“Ifthistrendcontinues,thereisaverylikelyextinctioneventforallspeciesofthepangolin,”Wrightnoted.語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文,介紹了一個拯救穿山甲的組織以及他們的工作。5.Whyarepangolinsconsidereduniquemammals?A.Theirmeatmakesdeliciousfood.B.Theyhavescalestoprotectthemselves.C.Theyareindangerofdyingout.D.Theyarelittleunderstoodspecies.解析:選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,穿山甲之所以獨特,是因為在遇到威脅時它們可用鱗甲保護自己。6.Whatpushesthepoachingandillegaltradeofpangolins?A.FoodshortagesinAfrica.B.Healthbenefitsoftheirmeat.C.Medicinalvalueoftheirscales.D.Thedemandoffashionindustry.解析:選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Butmuchoftheillegaltradeinpangolinsinvolvestheirscales,whicharethoughttofightillnesses.”可知,之所以有大量穿山甲非法貿(mào)易,主要是由于其鱗片的藥用價值。7.Whatdothevolunteerteam'seffortsfocuson?A.Catchingthepoachersandillegaltraders.B.Trainingdogstofindthehiddenpangolins.C.Reportinganyillegaltradeorpoaching.D.Treatingandtendingtherescuedpangolins.解析:選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theytakecareoftheirwounds,feedthemandbringthembacktohealth.”以及第六段中的“Thegroupisnotjusttreatingpangolins.”可知,該組織主要工作是照顧穿山甲的傷口,喂養(yǎng)它們,讓它們恢復(fù)健康,除此之外,也做一些別的工作。8.WhatisNicciWright'smajorconcernaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Pangolins'sufferingandabuse.B.Extinctionofallpangolinspecies.C.Adeclineinpangolinpopulations.D.Theresearchonpangolin'sbehavior.解析:選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘Ifthistrendcontinues,thereisaverylikelyextinctioneventforallspeciesofthepangolin,’Wrightnoted.”可知,Wright主要擔(dān)憂的就是穿山甲的滅絕。C(2023·茂名二模)GrowingupinthePhilippines,constructionworkerJohnnyManlugaycombsthebeacheseachnightfortheeggsofseaturtles.Heknowsexactlywhattolookfor,ashewastrainedasachildbyhisgrandfatheronhowtolocatetheanimalsandtheireggs.Backthen,hisfamilytradedoratethem.Itwasn'taboutgettingrichasmuchasitwasjustapartoflife.Manlugayhassinceturnedoveranewleaf.Instead,heuseshistrackingskillstoprotecttheseaturtlesthatvisitthebeacheshelivesby.“I'velearnedtolovethiswork,”Manlugayacknowledgedinaninterview.“Wedidn'tknowpoaching(偷獵)wasillegalandthatweshouldnoteatturtleeggsandmeat.”Manlugaydelicatelytransferredeacheggintoabuckethebroughtwithhim,aswellassomesandfromtheturtlenests,tobehandedovertoCoastalUnderwaterResourceManagementActions(CURMA),thegroupleadingtheconservationprogramonthebeaches.Establishedin2009,theCURMAconservationefforthasgraduallytransformedseaturtlepoachersintovaluableallies(盟友).Theymanagethisbyofferingtrainingtoultimatelysavethousandsofturtlesandkeeptheireggsfromendingupeverywherebuttheirnests.“Wetalkedtothepoachers,anditturnedoutpoachingwasjustanothermeansforthemtoearnaliving,”explainedCarlosTamayo,thedirectorofoperations.“Theyhadnochoice.”O(jiān)naverage,seaturtleslay100eggsinanest.Thenumberofnestsinthearearangesbetween35and40eachseason,whichrunsfromOctobertoFebruary.Tamayonotedthatthefigureshaddoubledduring2020.“Lastseasonalone,forexample,wehad75nestsandwereleasedcloseto9,000hatching,”heshared.Oncecollected,theeggsarethentransferredtoCURMA’shatchery(孵化場)tobereburiedinprotectedareas.Anotherformerpoacher,JessieCabagbag,grewupeatingturtlemeatandeggslikemanypeoplethere.“Istoppedpoachingwhenweunderwenttrainingandweretaughtthatwhatwehavebeendoingwasillegalandthatthesespeciesofturtlesareendangered,”heexplained.Now,headmits,“Iamtrulyproud.IamhappythatIgettocontributetotheconservationoftheturtles.”語篇解讀:本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了菲律賓前海龜?shù)巴但C者成為保護者的故事。9.WhydidJohnnyManlugayhuntturtlesasachild?A.Tomakealiving. B.Tomakeafortune.C.Toprotectthem. D.Tolocatethem.解析:選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Backthen,hisfamilytradedoratethem.Itwasn'taboutgettingrichasmuchasitwasjustapartoflife.”可知,約翰尼·曼盧蓋小時候獵殺海龜?shù)脑蚴侵\生。10.HowdoesJohnnyManlugaydealwiththeturtleeggsnowadays?A.Tosellthem.B.Tohatchthem.C.Tohandthemovertoaconservationorganization.D.Toburythemundersomesandneartheturtlenests.解析:選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知,曼盧蓋現(xiàn)在把海龜?shù)敖唤o一個保護組織。11.Onaverage,howmanyseaturtleeggsarelaidintheareaseasonally?A.About7,500.B.Closeto9,000.C.From3,500to4,000.D.Between3,500and10,000.解析:選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Onaverage,seaturtleslay100eggsinanest.Thenumberofnestsinthearearangesbetween35and40eachseason,whichrunsfromOctobertoFebruary.”可知,平均來說,一個季節(jié)在這個地區(qū)會產(chǎn)下3500到4000海龜?shù)啊?2.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.SeaTurtlesareWellProtectedinthePhilippinesB.LocalPeopleinthePhilippinesSearchtheBeachesforSeaTurtleEggsC.TheConservationProgramAimstoSaveEndangeredTurtlesD.FormerTurtleEggPoachersinthePhilippinesTurnProtectors解析:選D標題歸納題。通讀全文,尤其是根據(jù)第一、二段可知,短文報道了菲律賓前海龜?shù)巴但C者成為保護者的故事。[謹防最易錯的那一個]錯因:本題易誤選C。部分考生未能把握住文章體裁的特點,只是根據(jù)“Establishedin2009,theCURMAconservationefforthasgraduallytransformedseaturtlepoachersintovaluableallies(盟友).”,認為文章的大意是介紹這個組織旨在幫助瀕危的海龜,從而誤選。分析:文章的標題或主旨需要根據(jù)文章的體裁而定。本文是新聞報道,一般在開頭的導(dǎo)語部分概括交代報道的主題。文章的第一段介紹了JohnnyManlugay過去搜尋海龜?shù)笆菫榱酥\生,第二段介紹了現(xiàn)在搜尋海龜?shù)笆菫榱吮Wo海龜,再結(jié)合全文可判斷答案。D(2023·江門一模)AcityinDenmarkisabouttobecomethefirstintheworldtoprovidemostofitscitizenswithfreshwaterusingonlytheenergycreatedfromhouseholdwastewater.TheMarselisborgWastewaterTreatmentPlant(MWTP)inAarhushasundergoneimprovementsthatmeanitcannowproducemorethan150percentoftheelectricityneededtoruntheplant.Theextrapowercanbeusedtopumpdrinkingwateraroundthecity.Aswellasregularlypoweringtheentirewatersystemof200,000peoplelivingintheinnercityarea,anyunwantedelectricitycouldbesoldintothelocalpowernetwork.Theplantproducesenergyfromthebiogaswhichcreatesoutofhouseholdwastewater.Carbonisremovedfromthewastewaterandpumpedintodigesters(沼氣池)keptat38℃filledwithbacteria.Theseproducebiogas—mostlymethane—thatisthenburnedtomakeheatandelectricity.UpgradingthefacilitiesinMarselisborgrequirednearly3million,butAarhusWaterexpectsthattoberecoveredinjustfiveyears.OthercitiesinDenmark,includingCopenhagen,havebeentryingtocopytheexampleofAarhus.WhentalkingaboutcopyingDenmark'sexperience,MollyWalton,energyanalystatInternationalEnergyAgency,saysscientistsandengineerswouldfirstlyhavetoimproveenergyefficiency;anditrequiresanenormousamountofmoneythatcouldconsiderablyincreasethepriceofthewater.Moreover,towork,thewastewaterplantneedstobebigenoughtoproduceenoughbiogas,andeventhewastewaterhastobetheright-mix.Ifit'swatereddownbymuchstormorgroundwater,itwillbealmostimpossibletorecoverenergy,Waltonsays.With
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