把視覺錯(cuò)覺和路上的車輛聯(lián)系在一起時(shí)，人們想到的往往是超速、車禍；其實(shí)科學(xué)利用視覺錯(cuò)覺恰恰可以減少此類事情的發(fā)生。Believeitornot,opticalillusion(視覺錯(cuò)覺)cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes(條紋),calledchevrons(人字形圖形),paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andsodriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashington,D．C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessive(過度的)speedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest-curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitially(最初地)cuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbeeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.SectionⅠWeletotheunit&Reading—WarmingUpeq\a\vs4\al([基礎(chǔ)詞匯])1．forecastvt.&n． 預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)2．glancevi.&n. 瞥一眼，匆匆看3．a(chǎn)pproachvi.&vt. 靠近；著手處理n.靠近；方法；路徑4．narrowadj. 狹窄的5．graspvt. 抓緊，抓牢eq\a\vs4\al([拓展詞匯])6．confusevt.使糊涂，使迷惑→confusionn．惶惑；混亂→confusingadj.使人困惑的；令人費(fèi)解的→confusedadj.困惑的；混亂的7．observevt.觀察；注意到；評(píng)論→observationn．觀察；觀察力；注意；評(píng)論8．hesitatevi.猶豫，遲疑不決→hesitationn．猶豫；躊躇→hesitatedadj.猶豫的；躊躇的9．reliefn．輕松，寬慰→relievev．救濟(jì)；減輕；解除10．firmlyadv.牢牢地，堅(jiān)定地→firmn．公司；商行adj.堅(jiān)定的；結(jié)實(shí)的v．(使)變得堅(jiān)實(shí)；確定1．in_sight 看得到，在視力范圍之內(nèi)2．wish_for 盼望，企盼3．reach_out 伸出(手)4．stare_up_at 抬頭凝視5．watch_out_for 留心，密切注意6．e_to_one’s_aid 來幫助某人7．in_relief 輕松地，寬慰地8．pay_back 償還；報(bào)答9．in_the_future 將來10．get_across (使)越過，(使)橫穿馬路；(使)被了解1．狀語從句的省略O(shè)nce_out_in_the_street(一到大街上),shewalkedquicklytowardsherusualbusstop.2．that引導(dǎo)同位語從句AsPollyobservedthepassengersonthetrain,shehadafeelingthat_she_was_being_watched_by_a_tall_man_in_a_dark_overcoat(一個(gè)穿黑色大衣的高個(gè)子男人一直在注視著她)．3．nowheretobedone到處都不……Thetallmanwasnowhere_to_be_seen(到處都看不到)．4．wh-ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Outside,wherever_she_looked(無論她往哪兒看)thefoglaylikeathick,greycloud.5．findsb.doing發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做……Pollyfound_herself_staring_up_at(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正盯著)thefaceofanoldmanwithabeard.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．WhydidthebusconductorrefusetotakePolly?A．Becausethefogwastooheavyforthebustogettoherhome.B．Becausethebuscouldn’tgettoherhome.C．Becausethebusservicewasbeyondthetime.D．Becauseallthebusserviceswerecancelledduetotheheavyfog.2．WhydidPollyfeelfrightenedonherwayhome?A．Thefoggotthickerandthicker.B．Shecouldn’tgethomeontime.C．Shethoughtshemetabadman.D．Shecouldn’tfindamaninthestreet.3．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thefogwasverythickinthemorning.B．WhenshegottoGreenPark,theweatherturnedouttobefine.C．PollygottoGreenParkbytrain.D．Theoldmancarriedanumbrellainhishand.4．Ifyouarerequiredtogivethebesttitletothispassage,itwillbe“________”．A．HeavyFog B．Help!Help!C．FogAndLife D．PayBackHelp答案：1－4.ACCDeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．AsPollyobservedthepassengersonthetrain,shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkovercoat.eq\a\vs4\al()AsPollyobservedthepassengersonthetrain是as引導(dǎo)的__________從句；shehadafeeling是主句；thatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkovercoat是that引導(dǎo)的________從句。[嘗試翻譯]當(dāng)波莉觀察地鐵車廂里的乘客時(shí)，她感覺到有一個(gè)穿黑色大衣的高個(gè)子男人________________她。答案：時(shí)間狀語；同位語；一直在注視著2．Asshewalkedalongthenarrowstreet,sheheardthesoundoffootstepsapproaching,butbythetimeshereachedthecornerofthestreet,thefootstepsweregone.eq\a\vs4\al()本句是一個(gè)由并列連詞but連接的并列復(fù)合句。Asshewalkedalongthenarrowstreet是由as引導(dǎo)的____________從句；bythetimeshereachedthecornerofthestreet也是一個(gè)____________從句。[嘗試翻譯]____________________________，她聽到了腳步聲在靠近，但當(dāng)她走到街道的拐角處時(shí)，腳步聲消失了。答案：時(shí)間狀語；時(shí)間狀語；當(dāng)她沿著那條狹窄的街道行走時(shí)Fog①byBillLoweFogwarningWhenPollylefthomethatmorning②，thecitywasalreadycoveredinagreymist③.Atlunch，theradioforecast④thatthemistwouldbeeathickfogintheafternoon⑤.Atfouro’clock，Pollyleftworkandstepped⑥outintothefog.Shewondered⑦ifthebuseswouldstillberunning⑧.NobusestoKingStreetOnceoutinthestreet⑨，shewalkedquicklytowardsherusualbusstop.‘Howfarareyougoing?’thebusconductorB10askedherbeforehetookherfare?.‘KingStreet，’saidPolly.‘Sorry，Miss，’repliedtheman，‘thetruthisthatitistoofoggy?forthebusto?runthat?far?.TaketheUndergroundtoGreenPark.Theweathermightbebetterthereandyoumightbeabletogetataxi.’AtallmanAsPollyobserved?thepassengersonthetrain,shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkovercoat?.AtlastthetrainarrivedatGreenParkstation.Whiletherestofthepassengersweregettingout?，sheglanced?atthefacesaroundher.Thetallmanwasnowhere?tobeseen.①fog[f?ɡ]n.霧②when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。③mist[mIst]n.薄霧；水汽④forecast['f??kɑ?st](forecast，forecast)vt.&n．預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)⑤that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。⑥stepv．跨步，邁步n．腳步，步驟stepout走出去⑦wonderv．想知道，對(duì)……感到疑惑n．驚奇，奇跡，奇觀⑧if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“是否”。if也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，此時(shí)if意為“如果，假如”。⑨省略結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，補(bǔ)充完整為Onceshewasoutinthestreet。once意為“一……就……”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))conductor[k?n'd?kt?(r)]n.(公交車)售票員；(樂隊(duì))指揮?fare[fe?(r)]n.車費(fèi)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。?foggy['f?ɡI]adj.有霧的，霧茫茫的?too...to...太……而不能……?thatadv.那么，相當(dāng)于so。?此處第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)表語從句。?observe[?b'zз?v]vt.觀察；注意到；評(píng)論observesb.do/doing/done注意到某人做/正在做/做了……?overcoat['??v?k??t]n.長(zhǎng)大衣?while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“在……期間，趁”。?glance[ɡlɑ?ns]vi.&n．瞥一眼，匆匆看glanceat瞥見，瀏覽，迅速地看?nowhere['n??we?(r)]adv.無處，到處都不eq\a\vs4\al()霧比爾·洛濃霧警報(bào)那天早晨波莉離開家時(shí)，整個(gè)城市已籠罩在灰色的薄霧中。午餐時(shí)分，廣播預(yù)報(bào)說，薄霧將會(huì)在下午變成濃霧。四點(diǎn)鐘，波莉下了班，步入了濃霧中。她想知道公共汽車是否還會(huì)照常運(yùn)行。沒有到國(guó)王街的公共汽車一來到街上，她就很快地向往常乘車的車站走去。“您要坐多遠(yuǎn)？”公共汽車售票員收下她的車費(fèi)前問道?！皣?guó)王街。”波莉答道?！皩?duì)不起，小姐，”售票員回答說，“現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是霧太濃了，公共汽車跑不了那么遠(yuǎn)。乘地鐵到格林公園吧。那里的天氣可能好一點(diǎn)兒，您也許能叫到一輛出租車?！备邆€(gè)子男人當(dāng)波莉觀察地鐵車廂里的乘客時(shí)，她感覺到有一個(gè)穿著黑色大衣的高個(gè)子男人一直注視著她。地鐵終于到達(dá)了格林公園站。趁其他乘客下車的時(shí)候，她掃視了一下周圍的面孔。到處都看不到那個(gè)高個(gè)子男人的身影。FootstepsWhenPollygottothestationentrance,itwasempty.Outside,wherevershelookedthefoglaylikeathick，greycloud.Therewasnooneinsight.PollysetofftowardsParkStreet.Asshewalkedalongthenarrowstreet,sheheardthesoundoffootstepsapproaching,butbythetimeshereachedthecornerofthestreet,thefootstepsweregone.SuddenlyPollyfeltaroughhandbrushhercheek，andsheheardaman’svoiceinherearsaying‘Sorry.’Themanmovedaway.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingwithfear.ThehelpfulstrangerThensheheardthesoundagain—softfootstepsbehindher.Aminutebefore,shehadwishedforsomeonetoealong.Nowshewantedtorun,butfearheldherstill.Thefootstepsseemedclosenow.Thenaman’svoicecameoutofthedarkness.‘Isanybodythere？’Pollyhesitated.Atlastsheanswered，‘Hello,IthinkI’mlost.’Afewsecondslater,ahandreachedoutandgraspedherarm.Pollyfoundherselfstaringupatthefaceofanoldmanwithabeard.‘MaybeIcanhelpyou.Whichroaddoyouwant？’heasked.‘Iliveat86KingStreet，’Pollyreplied.‘Justtakemyhand，’saidtheman.‘ewithme.You’llbeallright.’HetookPolly’shand.‘Watchoutforthestephere.’Inhisotherhandthemancarriedastick.Pollyheardithitthestep.‘Icanremembersometerriblefogs,butmaybethatwasbeforeyourtime.Ican’tseeyourface,butyousoundyoung.Howoldareyou？’‘Justtwenty，’answeredPolly.‘Ah,twenty!Aniceagetobe．Iwasyoungonce.Nowwe’reatthecrossroads.Turnlefthere.’‘I’mquitelostnow.Areyousureyouknowtheway？’Pollywasbeginningtofeelfrightenedagain.‘Ofcourse.Youreallyshouldn’tfeelanxious.’Heheldherhandmorefirmly.eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))footstep['f?tstep]n.腳步(聲)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))WhenPollygot...是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))wherever[we?r'ev?(r)]adv.&conj.無論哪里shelooked是wherever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))lievi.(平)躺，存在于，位于。過去式為lay，過去分詞為lain，現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))insight看得到，在視力范圍之內(nèi)outofsight看不見的，在視力范圍之外的eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))setoff出發(fā)，啟程eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))narrow['n?r??]adj.狹窄的eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))Asshewalkedalong...是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))approach[?'pr??t?]vi.&vt.靠近；著手處理n．靠近；方法；路徑；approach用作名詞時(shí)，后多接介詞to。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))roughadj.粗糙的，粗略的，狂暴的eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))brushvt.輕擦，輕拂，刷，掠過n．刷子，毛刷，畫筆eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))此處是feelsth.doing結(jié)構(gòu)，beating作賓語補(bǔ)足語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))withfear害怕地，with表示原因。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))wishfor盼望，企盼(＝longfor)eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))ealong出現(xiàn)，到達(dá)eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))holdvt.(使某人)保持某種姿勢(shì)hold→held→heldeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))stilladj.靜止的，不動(dòng)的eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))darkness['dɑ?kn?s]n.黑暗eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))hesitate['hezIteIt]vi.猶豫，遲疑不決don’thesitatetodosth.不要猶豫做某事，盡管做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))secondn．秒，片刻eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))reachout伸出(手)eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))grasp[ɡrɑ?sp]vt.抓緊，抓牢eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))stare[ste?(r)]vi.凝視，盯著看stareupat抬頭凝視foundherselfstaring...是“find＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))beard[bI?d]n.胡須，絡(luò)腮胡子eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))watchoutfor留心，密切注意eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))Aniceagetobe.補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)為：Itisaniceagetobetwenty.。eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))crossroads['kr?sr??dz]n.十字路口atthecrossroads在十字路口eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))anxious['??k??s]adj.焦慮，憂慮beanxioustodosth.急于做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))firmly['f??mlI]adv.牢牢地，堅(jiān)定地firm作副詞時(shí)，表示“堅(jiān)固地”；而firmly表示“堅(jiān)決地，堅(jiān)定地”。eq\a\vs4\al()腳步聲當(dāng)波莉到達(dá)車站入口處時(shí)，那里空無一人。外面，無論她往哪兒看，霧像濃密的灰云一樣聚積著。一個(gè)人也看不到。波莉向公園街走去。當(dāng)她沿著那條狹窄的街道行走時(shí)，她聽到了腳步聲在靠近，但當(dāng)她走到街道的拐角處時(shí)，腳步聲消失了。突然，波莉感到有一只粗糙的手拂過她的臉頰，并且她還聽到了一個(gè)男人在她耳邊說“對(duì)不起”的聲音。那個(gè)男人走開了。她能感到她的心臟因害怕而怦怦直跳。熱心的陌生人然后，她又聽到了那種聲音——在她身后響起的輕柔的腳步聲。一分鐘前，她還盼望著有人朝她走過來?，F(xiàn)在她想跑，可恐懼讓她挪不動(dòng)腳步。腳步聲這會(huì)兒似乎已經(jīng)離她很近了。接著，黑暗中傳來一個(gè)男人的聲音：“有人嗎？”波莉猶豫了。最終她還是回答道：“你好，我想我是迷路了?！睅酌腌姾?，一只手伸出來抓住了她的胳膊。波莉發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正盯著一張長(zhǎng)著絡(luò)腮胡子的老人的臉?！耙苍S我能幫你。你想去哪條路？”他問道?！拔易≡趪?guó)王街86號(hào)，”波莉答道。“只要拉著我的手就成，”老人說，“跟著我走，不會(huì)有事兒的?！彼ɡ虻氖帧！爱?dāng)心這里的臺(tái)階?！崩先说牧硪恢皇诌桓终取２ɡ蚰苈犚娝脫襞_(tái)階的聲音。“我還記得幾次糟糕的大霧，不過那可能都是在你出生之前的事了。我看不見你的臉，但你聽起來挺年輕的。你多大了？”“剛20歲，”波莉答道?！鞍?，20歲！多好的年紀(jì)啊。我也年輕過?，F(xiàn)在我們到十字路口了。在這里向左拐。”“我現(xiàn)在是徹底迷路了。您肯定您認(rèn)識(shí)路嗎？”波莉又開始感到害怕了?！爱?dāng)然了，你真的不該感到擔(dān)心。”老人將她的手握得更緊了。Thegratefulhelper‘Hereweare.KingStreet.’Hestopped.‘Thankyousomuchforingtomyaid，’saidPollyinrelief.‘Wouldyouliketoeinandrestforawhile？’‘It’sveryniceofyou，’saidtheman，‘butI’llbeoff.Theremaybemorepeoplelosttoday,andI’dliketohelpthem.Yousee,afogthisbadisrare.Itgivesmethechancetopaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivemewhenit’ssunny.Ablindpersonlikemecan’tgetacrosstheroadwithouthelp,exceptinafoglikethis.’eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))grateful['ɡreItfl]adj.感激的，表示感謝的begratefultosb.對(duì)某人表示感激begratefulforsth.感激/感謝某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))helper['help?(r)]n.幫助者eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))Hereweare.(＝We’vearrived.)我們(終于)到了。eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))aid[eId]n.&vt.幫助etoone’said來幫助某人eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))relief[rI'li?f]n.輕松，寬慰inrelief欣慰地eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))wouldliketodosth.想要/愿意做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(56))forawhile一會(huì)兒，一段時(shí)間eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))It’sveryniceofyou.常用于表示感謝。eq\o(○,\s\up1(58))beoff(＝leave)離開eq\o(○,\s\up1(59))this在這里是副詞，表示“如此”，相當(dāng)于so。eq\o(○,\s\up1(60))rareadj.稀有的，罕見的eq\o(○,\s\up1(61))payback報(bào)答，償還eq\o(○,\s\up1(62))that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾help。eq\o(○,\s\up1(63))getacross通過；將(想法、信息等)傳達(dá)給eq\o(○,\s\up1(64))can’t...without...沒有……無法……eq\a\vs4\al()感恩的幫助者“我們到國(guó)王街了?！崩先送Ｗ×四_步。“非常感謝您幫我，”波莉如釋重負(fù)地說?！澳敢膺M(jìn)來休息會(huì)兒?jiǎn)?？”“你真客氣，”老人說道，“不過我還是得走了，今天可能還會(huì)有更多人迷路，我想幫助他們。你瞧，像今天這么大的霧是很少見的。這給了我機(jī)會(huì)來回報(bào)晴天時(shí)人們給我的幫助。像我這樣的盲人沒有(別人的)幫助是根本過不了馬路的，除非是在這樣的濃霧里?！盇卷[學(xué)生用書P77(單獨(dú)成冊(cè))]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解AItwaspastmidnightwhenIsawanemailthattoldmethatIhadbeenacceptedintotheInternationalSummerSchoolatOsloUniversity,Norway.IwokeupeveryoneathometotellthemthatIwouldbeoneoffivehundredstudentsvisitingthisbeautifulScandinaviancountryfortenweeksonafullscholarship(獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金).MyparentsweredelightedbutanxiousabouthowI’dmanageonmyowninaforeignlandforthefirsttime.ThedayIleftthecountrywaspackedwithexcitementandnervousness.IsleptthroughthelongflightandwokeuptotheannouncementthatwehadetoOsloAirport.Now,ifIwereinIndia,Iwouldhavetakenataxitomydestination,butmyonlineresearchhadtaughtmethatinOslo,takingataxiwouldbeconsideredasawastefulway.SoItookthesubwaytotheuniversity.Uponmyarrival,Iwastoldthatmyroomhadbeenarrangedandmyroommatehadsettledin.MyroommatewasaChinesestudent,whobecamemyfirstfriend.Thoughitwassunnyoutside,Iwastired.Irealizeditwasclosetomidnight.SunsetsduringsummerareverylateinNorway.IwastostudyacourseonInternationalDevelopmentandtheclasshadstudentsfrom20differentcountries.Iworkedwithmyclassmatesongroupprojects.Teamworkbroughtuscloserasaunit.Werealizedwesharedsimilardreamsaboutourfuture.Osloisacitythathasanexcellentpublictransportssystem.Onecangettoasandybeachorforestwithinminutes.Inourfreetime,wewentforhikesandIrealizedhowmuchIlovedbeingoutdoors.IlearnttoreadmapsandpickedupNorwegian.Thehardestpartwasgettingusedtoeatingdinnerat5：00pm.Igrewupandintomyselfduringthistrip.Icamebacktomyhometownwithabagfulofhappymemoriesincludingmynewfriendswhohadhelpedmeandwalkedwithmeinthisbeautifulcountry.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者獲得了一次免費(fèi)在歐洲學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，這次經(jīng)歷讓他受益匪淺。1．Theauthor’sparentswereworriedthathecouldn’t________.A．getafullscholarshipB．takegoodcareofhimselfC．learnmoreaboutaforeignlandD．municatewithNorwegianswellB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的MyparentsweredelightedbutanxiousabouthowI’dmanageonmyowninaforeignlandforthefirsttime.可知，作者的父母擔(dān)心他第一次出國(guó)無法照顧好自己。2．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthepassage?A．HefeltterriblyhomesickinNorway.B．HehardlyspokeNorwegian.C．Hecausedmanymisunderstandingsatfirst.D．Hegotalongquitewellwithotherstudents.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Teamworkbroughtuscloserasaunit.Werealizedwesharedsimilardreamsaboutourfuture.可知，作者和其他同學(xué)相處得非常好。3．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theauthor’stravelexperienceinEurope.B．Theauthor’sfriendshipwithaChinesestudent.C．Theauthor’sfirstexperienceofoverseasstudy.D．Theauthor’smostunforgettablesummerholiday.C解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了作者第一次出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷。BManypeoplemayknowCoachella,whichisoneofthelargest,mostfamousandmostprofitable(盈利的)musicfestivalsintheUnitedStatesandallovertheworld.However,fewpeopleknowJustforLaughs(JFL).FoundedbyMontrealproducerGilbertRozonin1983,JustforLaughsisthelargestinternationaledyfestivalintheworld.PaulRonca,thefestival’sdirector,describesJustforLaughsastheCoachellaofedy.“Ifyou’reafanofedyorworkinit,thisfestivalshouldbeattheverytopofyourlist，”hesays.JustforLaughswasoriginallyatwo-dayFrench-onlyedyevent.In1985,AndyNulmanjoinedthefestival’sstaffandintroducedEnglishlanguageeventsaswell.ThankstoAndyNulman,thefestivalgrewfromatwo-dayshowtoamonth-longeventdrawinginternationalaudiences.In1999,Nulmanleftthefestival’sfull-timeemploy.However,hedirecteditsmajorshowsattheSaint-DenisTheatreeveryJuly,andremainedontheboardofdirectorsofthefestival’sparentpany.About11yearslater,NulmanreturnedtoJustforLaughsinJuly2010aspresidentofFestivalsandTelevision.NowJustforLaughsisingtoAfrica.Ajointventure(合資企業(yè))betweenthegreatedybrandandaSouthAfrica’spany,JustforLaughsAfricawillgivetheAfricanedianstheopportunityofgettinginternationalpublicity.Thelong-termcontinentalpartnershipwasannouncedduringthe35thMontrealedyFestival,withthenewsthatthefirstJustforLaughsAfricawilltakeplaceinDurban,SouthAfrica.“WehavealreadysetupsuccessfulJustforLaughsfestivalsinmanycitiesbeyondMontrealincludingToronto,VancouverandSydney,andwecouldn’tbemoreexcitedbythisnewventureinSouthAfrica，”saysGilbertRozon,presidentandfounderoftheJustforLaughsGroup.“TheopportunitytobringtheexperienceoftheJustforLaughsteamtodevelopingAfricanedywasonewejustcouldn’tdecline,_soweagreedonthepartnership，”saysGilbertRozon.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。蒙特利爾國(guó)際喜劇節(jié)即將來到非洲，將與南非本土公司合作，推出“非洲輕松一笑”。4．WhatcanwelearnfromPaulRonca’swords?A．JFLisaspopularasCoachella.B．JFLplaysanimportantroleinedy.C．JFLhasmoresupportersthanCoachella.D．JFLattractsmanypeopletolearningedies.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的PaulRonca,thefestival’sdirector,describesJustforLaughsastheCoachellaofedy.“Ifyou’reafanofedyorworkinit,thisfestivalshouldbeattheverytopofyourlist，”hesays.可知，JustforLaughs相當(dāng)于喜劇界的柯契拉音樂節(jié)，在喜劇界有著舉足輕重的作用。5．WhatachievementsdidAndyNulmanmake?A．PromotingJFLsuccessfully.B．MakingJFLmoreprofitable.C．IntroducingJFLtoSouthAfrica.D．HelpingJFLgetmoreshowinvitations.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的ThankstoAndyNulman,thefestivalgrewfromatwo-dayshowtoamonth-longeventdrawinginternationalaudiences.可知，AndyNulman推廣JustforLaughs很成功。6．ThroughJustforLaughsAfrica,theAfricanediansarelikelyto________．A．developmoreskillsB．makeAfricawidelyknownC．beeknownworldwideD．improvethedevelopmentofedyC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的JustforLaughsAfricawillgivetheAfricanedianstheopportunityofgettinginternationalpublicity.可知，JustforLaughsAfrica是非洲喜劇演員獲得國(guó)際知名度的好機(jī)會(huì)。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decline”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Doubt. B．Explain.C．Understand. D．Refuse.D解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的soweagreedonthepartnership...可知，這是一個(gè)讓JustforLaughs團(tuán)隊(duì)幫助非洲本土喜劇發(fā)展的好機(jī)會(huì)，也是我們不能“拒絕”的好機(jī)會(huì)，所以我們答應(yīng)了這次合作。CWhenIwas16yearsoldandinfostercareinTennessee,peopletoldmeIwasunadoptable.ButIdesperatelywantedafamily.Isoughtthehelpofajudge,eventhemissioneroftheDepartmentofChildren’sServices,andIwasadoptedjustaweekbeforemy17thbirthday.Wehavealottobegratefulforandthisholidayseasonlet’snotforgetaboutthemorethan415，000youthinfostercareespeciallyolderyouth.Theseyoutharethemostlikelytogetoverlookedforadoption,buttheyshouldn’tbe.Theyneedanddeserveafamilyjustasmuchasyoungchildrendo.Makinganolderyouthapartofyourfamilycanbringjustasmuchajoyasadoptingababyorayoungerchild—withoutallthediapersandpottytraining.Myadoptionwaslifechangingandprobablythebestthingthateverhappenedtome.Istillrememberthefirstgiftmyparentsgavetome.ItwasaMickeyMousekeychainwithakeytotheirhome.TheytoldmethatnomatterwhathappenedtheywouldalwayslovemeandI’dalwayshaveaplacetoehometo.Thisisour17thThanksgivingtogether...MyfirstThanksgivingwithmyfamilywasalittleoverwhelmingwithlotsofextendedfamilyincludinggrandparents,aunts,uncles,andcousins.However,it’swhenIrealizedthatIwouldneverhavetospendanotherholidayaloneandthatwastrulyanamazingfeeling.Iwasalwayseagertospendtimewithmylittlesister,Beth.ShewassixwhenIjoinedthefamily.Mydadalwayssaysheknewwewerereallysisters,andIwasnolongeraguestinthehousewhenBethandIhadourfirstfight.Today,she’soneofmybestfriends,andI’mherbiggestcheerleader.TherewerealsobittersweetThanksgivings.Onewespentinmymom’shospitalroom.Itwastherethatshehelpedmeplanmyweddingbutpassedawaythreeweeksbeforetheceremony.Mydadwalkedmedowntheaisle,andmysisterwasmymaidofhonor.Becauseofourbond,wewereabletosupporteachotherthroughthatchallengingtimeandthat’swhatfamilyisfor—thegoodandbadtimes.It’snicehavingmydadandsistertoshareholidaysandspecialoccasions.Butthey’reevenmoreimportantwhenitestothelittlethings—likehavingsomeonetosharemybaddaywith,celebratemypromotionatwork,orhelpmethinkthroughadifficultdecision.It’sinthesemomentsthatIjustcan’timaginebeingaloneintheworld.I’msogladthatIdidn’tlistentothosepeoplewhosaidIwasunadoptable,I’dneverfindafamily,andthatIwasputtingmyselfoutthereforrejection.It’sariskforolderfosteryouthtoconsideradoption.It’s_an_opportunity_to_be_rejected_once_again.Butit’sarisktheyshouldtakebecauselifedoesn’tendat18.It’sreallyjustbeginning.Ifyouknowsomeonewhomightconsideradoptinganolderteen,pleasesharemystory—andhavehimorherthinkofmyfamily.Theydidn’tgettoseemyfirststepsorwatchmebeapilgriminmysecondgradeThanksgivingplay.Buttheytaughtmesomanythingsaboutlife,andweretheretowatchmewalkacrossthestagewhenIgraduatedfromcollegeandlawschoolandacpaniedmetotheWhiteHouselastyearasIwashonoredformyworkhelpingfosteryouth.IlookforwardtomanymoreThanksgivingswithmyfamily,andI’meternallythankfultheychosemetobeapartoftheirfamily.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講了作者在她16歲時(shí)被領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的故事，介紹了她被領(lǐng)養(yǎng)后的經(jīng)歷和領(lǐng)養(yǎng)年齡較大的青少年的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。目的就是要呼吁更多的人領(lǐng)養(yǎng)年齡較大的青少年。8．Whatcontributestotheauthor’sfeelingthatshecan’timaginebeingaloneintheworld?A．Thefamily’sgivingtheauthoraMickeyMouseasagift.B．Theauthor’sspendingherThanksgivingwithherextendedfamilyfor17years.C．Themother’sfailingtoattendtheauthor’sweddingceremonyforherseveredisease.D．Thefamily’salwayssharinghappinessandsorrowwithher.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的likehavingsomeonetosharemybaddaywith,celebratemypromotionatwork,orhelpmethinkthroughadifficultdecision.It’sinthesemomentsthatIjustcan’timaginebeingaloneintheworld.如有人分享我糟糕的一天，慶祝我工作上的晉升，或幫助我做出一個(gè)艱難的決定。就是這些時(shí)刻讓我不能想象獨(dú)自一人在世界上?？芍彝タ偸桥c她分享快樂和悲傷讓她不能想象獨(dú)自一人在這個(gè)世界上。故選D。9．Whatdoesadoptionforolderyouthreallymean?A．Itmeansnotlivingaloneanylonger.B．Itmeansbeingtakengoodcareofbyothers.C．Itmeansbeingsuccessfulincareer.D．Itmeansbeinglovedandasenseofbelonging.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Theyneedanddeserveafamilyjustasmuchasyoungchildrendo.他們像小孩子一樣需要并值得擁有一個(gè)家庭。可知對(duì)大齡的青少年來說，被領(lǐng)養(yǎng)意味著被愛和歸屬感。故選D。10．Theunderlinedsentence“It’sanopportunitytoberejectedonceagain.”inParagraph8meansthat________．A．olderteenstaketheopportunitytobeadoptedB．olderteensarelesslikelytobeadoptedC．olderteenscreatetheopportunitytobeadoptedD．olderteensareindangerofbeingadoptedB解析：句意理解題。It’sanopportunitytoberejectedonceagain.這是一個(gè)再次被拒絕的機(jī)會(huì)，那是因?yàn)槟挲g較大的青少年不太可能被收養(yǎng)。故選B。11．What’stheauthor’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Toexpressherappreciationforherfamily.B．Toshowsympathytotheunadoptableolderyouth.C．Toappealtomorepeopletoadopttheolderyouth.D．Topersuadethereadersnottobelieveothers’words.C解析：寫作意圖題。本文主要講了作者在她16歲時(shí)被領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的故事，介紹了她的經(jīng)歷和領(lǐng)養(yǎng)年齡較大的青少年的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。目的就是要呼吁更多的人領(lǐng)養(yǎng)年齡較大的青少年。故選C。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七選五TheInternethasopenedupawholenewonlineworldforustomeet,chatandgowherewe’veneverbeenbefore.Butjustasinfacetofacemunication,therearesomerulesofbehaviorthatshouldbefollowedwhenonline.1.________Imaginehowyou’dfeelifyouwereintheotherperson’sshoes.Foranythingyou’reabouttosend:askyourself,“WouldIsaythistotheperson’sface？”Iftheanswerisno,rewriteandreread.2.________Ifsomeoneinthechatroomisrudetoyou,yourinstinct(本能)istofirebackinthesamemanner.Buttrynottodoso.3.________Ifitwascausedbyadisagreementwithanothermember,trytofixthesituationbypolitelydiscussingit.Remembertorespectthebeliefsandopinionsofothersinthechatroom.4．________Offeradvicewhenaskedbynewers,astheymaynotbesurewhattodoorhowtomunicate.Whensomeonemakesamistake,whetherit’sastupidquestionoranunnecessarilylonganswer,bekindaboutit.Ifit’sasmallmistake,youmaynotneedtosayanything.Evenifyoufeelstronglyaboutit,thinktwicebeforesayinganything.Havinggoodmannersyourselfdoesn’tgiveyoulicensetocorrecteveryoneelse.5.________Atthesametime,ifyoufindyouarewrong,besuretocorrectyourselfandapologizetothosethatyouhaveoffended(冒犯)．Itisnotpolitetoaskotherspersonalquestionssuchastheirage,sexandmaritalstatus.Unlessyouknowthepersonverywell,andyouarebothfortablewithsharingpersonalinformation,don’tasksuchquestions.A．It’snaturalthattheresomepeoplewhospeakrudelyormakemistakesonline.B．Repeattheprocesstillyoufeelsurethatyou’dfeelfortablesayingthewordstotheperson’sface.C．Everyonewasnewtothenetworkonce.D．Thebasicruleissimple:treatothersinthesamewayyouwouldwanttobetreated.E．Whenyousendshortmessagestoapersononline,youmustsaysomethingbeautifultohear.F．Youshouldeitherignoretheperson,oruseyourchatsoftwaretoblocktheirmessages.G．Ifyoudodecidetotellsomeoneaboutamistake,pointitoutpolitely.【解題導(dǎo)語】互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為我們提供了一個(gè)全新的在線世界，我們可以在網(wǎng)上見面、聊天，并且能夠去我們以前從未到過的地方。但是，就像面對(duì)面聊天一樣，網(wǎng)絡(luò)交流也需要遵守一些規(guī)則。1．D解析：考查上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)空前therearesomerulesofbehaviorthatshouldbefollowedwhenonline可知，接下來會(huì)介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)交流中的一些行為準(zhǔn)則，再根據(jù)空后Imaginehowyou’dfeelifyouwereintheotherperson’sshoes.可知，這里說的是換位思考，D項(xiàng)“基本規(guī)則很簡(jiǎn)單：以你希望得到對(duì)待的方式來對(duì)待別人?！贝?lián)上下文，故選D。2．B解析：考查上下文聯(lián)系。askyourself,“WouldIsaythistotheperson’sface？”可知，本段講的是，在說話之前應(yīng)該想清楚是否要當(dāng)面說出來，B項(xiàng)中的“sayingthewordstotheperson’sface”與前一句相呼應(yīng)，故選B。3．F解析：考查上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)yourinstinct(本能)istofirebackinthesamemanner.Buttrynottodoso.可知，如果聊天室里有人對(duì)你無禮，你不應(yīng)該反擊他，而是應(yīng)該忽視那個(gè)人或屏蔽掉他的信息，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語境，故選F。4．C解析：考查上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)空后Offeradvicewhenaskedbynewers可知，本段講的是，應(yīng)該為新手提供建議，包容他們所犯的錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人在剛開始時(shí)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)都是陌生的，故選C。5．G解析：考查上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)空后Atthesametime,ifyoufindyouarewrong,besuretocorrectyourselfandapologizetothosethatyouhaveoffended(冒犯)．可知，這里說的是如果你想指出別人的錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該用一種禮貌的方式指出來，同時(shí)，如果是自己錯(cuò)了，你應(yīng)該改正錯(cuò)誤并向他人道歉，故選G。B卷[學(xué)生用書P79(單獨(dú)成冊(cè))]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解JustreadingFacebookposts—withoutpostingmessagesorrespondingtoments—makesusersfeelbadaboutthemselves,somestudieshavediscovered.A2015studyattheUniversityofMichigan,forexample,foundthatstudentswhosimplyreadFacebookpostsfor10minuteswereinaworsemoodbytheendofthedaythanthosewhopostedmessagesormentedonfriends’posts.Researchersthinkthatuserswhoonlyreadpostsmaybealwaysparingtheirownlivestoothers’postsandfeelthey’reingupshort.Orusersmaysimplybemissingoutonface-to-facehumanmunication.Thisisnecessaryandimportantforahealthierstat