Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

全球供應(yīng)鏈管理中華民國(guó)八十八年五月六日

精品資料網(wǎng)1Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

製造業(yè)V.S.服務(wù)業(yè)

精品資料網(wǎng)2我們有供應(yīng)鏈管理的問(wèn)題嗎？Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)3製造目標(biāo)與趨勢(shì)的變遷成本品質(zhì)交期彈性服務(wù)創(chuàng)新全球化結(jié)果

成本品質(zhì)交期彈性速度創(chuàng)新成本品質(zhì)交期服務(wù)速度成本品質(zhì)彈性服務(wù)成本交期彈性品質(zhì)交期成本品質(zhì)成本Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

顧客迫使製造商／供應(yīng)商生產(chǎn)／供應(yīng)多樣、大量且低成本的一般化商品(Commodity)

精品資料網(wǎng)4如何建立競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)/障礙(CompetitiveAdvantage/Barrier)Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

生產(chǎn)力優(yōu)勢(shì)(ProductivityAdvantage)價(jià)值優(yōu)勢(shì)(ValueAdvantage)

精品資料網(wǎng)5產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)策?建立技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)(Leading-EdgeTechnology／Innovation)?成為快速跟隨者並建立差異化(QuickFollower(TTX)andDifferentiation)?全球供應(yīng)鏈管理(GlobalSupplyChainManagement)?著重核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力(FocusonCoreCompetence)Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)6產(chǎn)銷環(huán)境之演進(jìn)From:”TransformYourSupplyChain－ReleasingValueinBusiness”,JonHughes,MarkRalf,Et.BillMichels

精品資料網(wǎng)7產(chǎn)銷環(huán)境演進(jìn)之結(jié)果大量生產(chǎn)(MassProduction)大量客製化生產(chǎn)(MassCustomization)

多樣少量生產(chǎn)(JobShop)顧客滿意(CustomerSatisfaction)以顧客成功為依歸(CustomerSuccess)供應(yīng)商管理(SupplierManagement)發(fā)展供應(yīng)商合作關(guān)係(SupplierDevelopment)物料／產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈(Material/ProductSupplyChain)知識(shí)供應(yīng)鏈

(KnowledgeSupply)ChainLee,Ching-En;NCTU

*資訊技術(shù)(InformationTechnology;IT)的高速發(fā)展是始做俑者。

精品資料網(wǎng)8基本製造型態(tài)Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

種類(Mix)量(Volume)

精品資料網(wǎng)9大量客製化之效應(yīng)

Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)10過(guò)去(推／Push)局部最佳化(LocalOptimization)研發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)/行銷採(cǎi)購(gòu)生產(chǎn)/製造配送/服務(wù)財(cái)務(wù)(R&D)(Sales/Marketing)(Procurement)(Production)(Distribution)(Finance)&Service現(xiàn)在(推&拉／Push&Pull)整合且同步化的鏈（Integrated&SynchronizedChain）產(chǎn)銷模式變遷(I)Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

研發(fā)業(yè)務(wù)/行銷採(cǎi)購(gòu)生產(chǎn)/製造配送/服務(wù)財(cái)務(wù)(R&D)(Sales/Marketing)(Procurement)(Production)(Distribution)(Finance)&Service

精品資料網(wǎng)11供應(yīng)流（SupplyFlow）產(chǎn)銷模式變遷(II)Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

需求流（DemandFlow）JITandQualityMaterialFlow供應(yīng)商(Supplier)配銷商(Distribution)零售商(Retailer)顧客(Customer)Qn-time,AccurateandPaperlessInformationFlow

過(guò)去現(xiàn)在供應(yīng)商(Supplier)配銷商(Distribution)零售商(Retailer)顧客(Customer)

精品資料網(wǎng)12產(chǎn)銷模式變遷（Ⅲ）?Emphasizerigourandtoughbarganing.供應(yīng)商顧客過(guò)去：開(kāi)放競(jìng)爭(zhēng)（OpenCompetition）期望：從供應(yīng)商上游到顧客下游的整合（FromSuppliers’SupplierstoCustomers’Customers）?Linkupalltheplayersinahorizontalsupplychain.?Emphasizeseamlessdelivery,optimizationandintegration.許多產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)況（DominateorDie）上游下游

精品資料網(wǎng)13大量客製化的原則1.EnrichingCustomers-ProvidingSolutionsvs.Products2.MasteringChangeandUncertainty（RapidResponse）3.LeveragingtheImpactofPeopleandKnowledge4.CooperatingtoEnhanceCompetitiveness-VirtualOrganization

Source:TheAgilityForum

精品資料網(wǎng)14產(chǎn)業(yè)未來(lái)趨勢(shì)Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

?快速回應(yīng)之供應(yīng)鏈體系(ResponsiveSupplyChain)是必然趨勢(shì)

精品資料網(wǎng)15供應(yīng)鏈管理的定義Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

Integrate,Synchronized,Lean,andResponsiveFlowofMaterials,Information,Funds,Processes,Services,andOrganizationsfromSuppliers’SupplierstoCustomers’Customers.

精品資料網(wǎng)16Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

供應(yīng)鏈特性（以電子資訊產(chǎn)業(yè)為例）產(chǎn)業(yè)特性：(1)高科技，高資本，高報(bào)酬，高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，高度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。(2)產(chǎn)品生命週期短，市場(chǎng)變化大，價(jià)格變動(dòng)快。(3)產(chǎn)業(yè)族群龐大，供應(yīng)鏈長(zhǎng)鞭效應(yīng)明顯。(4)朝開(kāi)放及市場(chǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化發(fā)展，品牌價(jià)值差異越來(lái)越小。(5)IC與PC產(chǎn)業(yè)考量重點(diǎn)不同。

精品資料網(wǎng)17造成供應(yīng)鏈管理問(wèn)題的原因資訊扭曲(InformationDistortion)不同步的通路(AsynchronizedChannel)鏈的複雜度(ChainComplexity)無(wú)效率的作業(yè)(InefficientOperations)文化地區(qū)之差異(CulturalProblems)Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)18常聽(tīng)到與績(jī)效管理有關(guān)的問(wèn)題預(yù)測(cè)不準(zhǔn)MPS變化太大存貨過(guò)高存貨週轉(zhuǎn)率太低供應(yīng)鏈管理問(wèn)題的徵兆顧客服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)低落缺料，不預(yù)期換線頻繁長(zhǎng)鞭效應(yīng)明顯Keyproblem:前置時(shí)間(Leadrime)太長(zhǎng)Oneofobvioussolutions:正確且快速回應(yīng)(AccurateandQuickResponse;AQR)Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)19快速回應(yīng)(QR)QR：以資訊取代存貨:(Thesubstitutionofinformationforinventory.)

[From:Christopher]AQR﹕QRwiththeeffectivemanagementofthesupplychain.Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)20縮短前置時(shí)間的重要性Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)21一些工業(yè)界的做法PostponementfromHPBTO(Build-To-Order)fromDellCTO(Configure-To-Order)fromCompaq98,2daysfromIBMTOM/VirtualFabfromTSMCVMI/CRPfrom3M,P&G,andWal-MartUni-LoadandLocalizationfromAcerECRfromWal-MartandP&GContractManufacturingfromLeoandGVCLee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)22延遲理論(postponement)延遲：延後產(chǎn)品間之差異化，以降低因多樣性產(chǎn)生之不良 效應(yīng)兩大手法運(yùn)送的延遲（LogisticPostponement）：Movingcustomizationpointclosertocustomers.

形式的延遲（FormPostponement）Delayingdifferentiationpointbystandardization基本對(duì)策：DFSCMLee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)23型式的延遲Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化/模組化前標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化/模組化後From:“DesigningProductsandProcessforPostponement”,LeeandBillington

精品資料網(wǎng)24那些製程應(yīng)由工廠完成?那些該由物流中心（D.C）或經(jīng)銷商完成？如何評(píng)估(Justify)?RedesignCosts,ModuleSafetyStock,FinishedGoodsInventory,WIP,Testing,Freight,Customs&Duties,FixedInvestment,ExtraTrainingatDCs,Leadtime,ForecastErrors,ScheduleAccuracy,MaterialShortages?延遲的考慮因素Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)25Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

戴爾(Dell)的作法Simplifyyoursupplychain;selldirecttothecustomer;cutoutthedealers;buildtocustomerrequirements;maketoorderMaintainandextendthepricefocusonthecorporatecustomer.Bypassthedistributorsanddealers.Alignproductiontofuturetrends.Adoptresponsivesupply.Closesupplychaincollaboration.Makepurchasingeasy.

精品資料網(wǎng)26康柏（Compaq）的作法CompaqERP(SAP)ImplementationSupplierAllianceIntegrationSupplyChainTotalIntegrationSupplierERPImplementationCompaqInterfaceSupplyChainCompaqInterfaceEnterpriseIntegrationFrom:CompaqpresentationmaterialsTotalSupplyChainProfitabilityLowestTotalDeliveryCostandHighestInventoryTurnsinTotalSupplyChainBuildtoCustomer“Pull”Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)27VMI定義Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

Inventorymanagementviathesupplier’sgenerationoftimely,cost-effectivepurchaseordersforthecustomer.Supplierusessalesactivityinformationandproductdemandhistorysentfromitscustomertogeneratedemandforecasts,makeadjustmentstotheforecastwithmarketintelligence,andplanforinventoryreplenishment.AlldatabetweensupplierandcustomeraretransmittedviastandardEDI(ElectronicDataInterchange)relateddocuments.

精品資料網(wǎng)28VMI架構(gòu)流程Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)29一些物理現(xiàn)象Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

ManufacturingPhysicsSupplyChainPhysics100%Capacityused100%ServicelevelManufacturingLeadTimeInventoryoriginalattemptoriginalattemptFrom:HauLee’sLectureMaterials

精品資料網(wǎng)30經(jīng)驗(yàn)中我們學(xué)到了什麼以創(chuàng)意改善上下游所有相關(guān)人事物的關(guān)係Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

HelpMoreSuccessProvideBetterService

精品資料網(wǎng)31ReduceLeadtimeandReduceComplexityInfo.SharingObjective:Info.TransparencyMethods:ITTechnologyCALSERP/MRPIIWorkflowDatawarehouseCustomer-OrientedInterface(ATP/CTP,Planning,Scheduling,andOrderTracking)VirtualManufacturingObjective:DistanceXMethods:Internet/IntranetSimulationVMMulti-MediaTOM／OTIS／CSChannelAlignmentObjective:AllianceMethods:StrategicAllianceSupplierDevelopment/Mgt.SupplierReduction,Retionalization,andEarlyInvolvementOutsourceNon-coreWorkVMI/CRPFTLW/Consolidation3rdPartyLogisticsOperationEfficiencyObjective:Synchronization,AQR(TTX)Methods:ChainReconfigurationPostponement(Standardization/Modularity)DFSCMSKUReductionTargetSystemVAN/EDI/POS…ECRBPR/TOCQRM/COMCrossDockingLee,Ching-En;NCTU

如何做好供應(yīng)鏈管理

精品資料網(wǎng)32供應(yīng)鏈管理的範(fàn)疇

精品資料網(wǎng)33你有下列供應(yīng)鏈管理的問(wèn)題嗎？Lee,Ching-En;NCTU

精品資料網(wǎng)34檢視在供應(yīng)鏈管理所做的努力Audithowtimeisallocatedinthesupplychain.Assesswherevalueisadded.Thensetthegoalsforchangeandimprovement1.Concurrentnewproductdevelopmentwithmulti-processteams2.Closeinvolvementofsuppliersindesignformanufacturability3.Strategiccostmanagementandtargetcosting4.Integration