學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精河北省靈壽縣2015高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪鞏固練習(xí)（5）及答案閱讀理解。Itishardlysurprisingthatclothingmanufacturers(生產(chǎn)商)followcertainuniformstandardsforvariousfeatures(特征）ofclothes。Whatseemsstrange,however,isthatthestandardadoptedforwomenistheoppositeoftheoneformen。Takealookatthewayyourclothesbutton。Men'sclothestendtobuttonfromtheright,andwomen'sfromtheleft.Consideringmostoftheworld'spopulation—--—menandwomen————areright—handed，themen'sstandardwouldappeartomakemoresenseforwomen.Sowhydowomen'sclothesbuttonfromtheleft?Historyreallyseemstomatterhere.Buttonsfirstappearedonlyontheclothesoftherichinthe17thcentury,whenrichwomenweredressedbyservants。Forthemostlyright—handedservants，havingwomen'sshirtsbuttonfromtheleftwouldbeeasier.Ontheotherhand,havingmen’sshirtsbuttonfromtherightmadesense，too。Mostmendressedthemselves,andasworddrawnfromtheleftwiththerighthandwouldbelesslikelytogetcaughtintheshirt。Todaywomenareseldomdressedbyservants，butbuttoningfromtheleftisstillthestandardforthem。Isitinteresting？Actually,astandard，onceset，resistschange。Atatimewhenallwomen’sshirtsbuttonedfromtheleft,itwouldhavebeenriskyforanysinglemanufacturertoofferwomen’sshirtsthatbuttonedfromtheright.Afterall,womenhadgrownsousedtoshirtswhichbuttonedfromtheleftandwouldhavetodevelopnewhabitsandskillstoswitch。Besides,somewomenmighthavefounditsociallyawkwardtoappearinpublicwearingshirtsthatbuttonedfromtheright,sinceanyonewhonoticedthatwouldbelievetheywerewearingmen'sshirts.（）1.Whatissurprisingaboutthestandardoftheclothingindustry?A.Ithasbeenfollowedbytheindustryforover400years.B。Itisdifferentformen'sclothingandwomen's。C.Itwoksbetterwithmenthanwithwomen。D.Itfailstoconsiderright-handedpeople。（)2.Whatdoweknowabouttherichmeninthe17thcentury？A.Theytendedtowearclotheswithoutbuttons.B。Theywereinterestedinthehistoricalmatters.C.Theyweremostlydressedbyservants。D。Theydrewtheirswordsfromtheleft.()3。Women’sclothesstillbuttonfromthelefttodaybecause。A.adoptingmen’sstyleisimproperforwomenB。manufacturersshouldfollowstandardsC.modernwomendressthemselvesD。customsarehardtochange（）4.Thepassageismainlydevelopedby.A.analyzingcausesB。makingcomparisonsC。examiningdifferencesD。followingthetimeorder【語(yǔ)篇解讀語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文由男女衣服的不同，分析產(chǎn)生這種不同的原因，并且告訴我們這種不同為語(yǔ)篇解讀什么延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。1。答案B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題?！盬hatseemsstrange,however,isthatthestandardadoptedforwomen由istheoppositeoftheoneformen.”可知男女衣服的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一樣令人驚奇。所以答案選B項(xiàng).2。答案D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中"Mostmendressedthemselves,andasworddrawnfromtheleftwiththerighthangwouldbelesslikelytogetcaughtintheshirt."可判斷選D項(xiàng).3.答案D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Actually，astandard，onceset，resistschange.”可知,習(xí)慣一旦養(yǎng)成,就很難改變是女式衣服的紐扣仍然在左邊的原因.由此判斷選D項(xiàng).4.答案A【解析】組織結(jié)構(gòu)題。通觀整篇文章可以看出,作在開始提到一個(gè)現(xiàn)象――男女衣服的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相反，然后分析這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的歷史原因,最后告訴我們現(xiàn)在這是這樣的原因。由此判斷選A項(xiàng).閱讀理解課堂練學(xué)案PassageFourteen(Pageants）

Pageantsareusuallyconceivedonafairlylargescale,oftenundertheauspicesofsomelocalorcivicauthorityoratanyrateinconnectionwithlocalgroupsofsomekind。Thissometimesmeansthatthereisanallocationoffundsavailableforthepurposeofmountingtheproduction，thoughunfortunatelythiswillusuallybefoundtobeonthemeagersideandmuchingenuitywillhavetobeusedtostretchitsothatallperformerscanbeadequatelyclothed。

Mostpageantshaveahistoricalflavourastheyusuallycomeaboutthroughthecelebrationoftheanniversaryofsomeeventofhistoricimportance，orthelifeordeathofsomelocalworthy。Researchamongarchivesandbooksinthepubliclibrarywillprobablyproveveryusefulandproducesomeworkableideaswhichwillgivetheproductionanespeciallylocalflavour。Fromthefirsteconomywillhavetobepracticedbecausethereareusuallyagreatnumberofpeopletodress.Leadingcharacterscanbeconsideredindividuallyinthesamewayaswhendesigningforaplay；butthemainbodyoftheperformerswillneedtobeplannedingroupsandthemassedeffectmustbealwaysborneinmind。

Manypageantstakeplaceindaylightintheopenair。Thisisanentirelydifferentproblemfromdesigningcostumeswhicharegoingtobelookedatunderartificiallighting；foronething,scenesviewedinthedaylightaresubjecttomanymoredistractions。Nolongeriseverythingaroundcutoutbythesurroundingdarkness,butinsteaditisveryeasytobeawareofdisturbingmovementintheaudienceofbehindtheperformers。Verytheatricallyconceivedclothesdonotalwayslooktheirbestwhenseeninadaylightsettingoftrees，verdantlawnsandoldivy-coveredwalls；thesamegoesforcostumesbeingworninfrontofthemellowcolorsofstatelyhomes.Thelocationneedstobestudiedandthenadecisioncanbemadeastowhatkindsofcolorsandtextureswillharmonizebestwiththesurroundingsandconditionsandthentocarrythisoutasfaraspossibleonthefundsavailable.

Ifmoneyisavailabletodresstheperformerswithoutrecoursetotheirownhelpintheprovisionofitems，itisbesttoarrangeforallthecuttingandpinningtogetherofthecostumestobedonebyoneortwoexperiencedpeoplethantobegivenouttothegroupsandindividualsforcompletion。Whenthereislittleornomoneyatall，thegarmentsneedtobereducedtothebasicnecessities。Cloaksandshawlsbecomeinvaluable,sheetsandlargebathtowelsandbathsheetsareadmirablefordraping.Unwantedcurtainsandbedspreadscanbecuttomaketunics，robesandskirts。Theseareparticularlyvaluableiftheyareofheavyfabricssuchasvelvetorchenille。

Colorsshouldbemassedtogethersothattherearecontrastinggroupsofdarkandlight，thiswillbefoundtohelpthevisualresultsubstantially.Crowdsofpeoplegatheredtogetherinajumbleofcolorswillbegroundtolookquitepurposelessandwilllackdramaticimpact.

Theuseofnumbersofidenticalhead—dresses，howeversimplymade，arealwayseffectivewhenworkingwithgroups.Ifthesearemadeofcardboardandpaintedboldlythecostcanbealmostnegligible。Helmets,hatsandplumeswillallmakequiteashowevenifthecostumesareonlyblandestorsheetscleverlydraped.Thesamecanbesaidoftheuseofbanners,shieldsandpoleswithstiffpennantsandgarlands—anythingwhichwillhelptohaveaunifyingeffect.Anykindofeye—catchingdevicewillalwaysgowithaflourishandaddexcitementtothescenes。

1.

Themainideaofthispassageis

［A］.Pageants。

。Costumesonthestage。

[C]。Costumesforpageants.

［D］。

Howtoarrangeapageant。

2。

Itcanbeinferredthatthemostimportantfactorincostumedesignis

［A].money。

。color。

［C]。harmony

［D].texture

3.

Whywillmuchingenuityhavetoberequiredincostumedesign?

［A].Becausepageantstakeplaceindaylightintheopenair.

。Becausedifferentcharactersrequiredifferentcostumes。

［C].Becausethecolorsandtexturesmustbeinharmonywiththesetting。

[D].Becauseanallocationofthefundsavailableisusuallyrathersmall.

4。

Whydomostpageantshaveahistoricalflavour？

［A］.Becausemostpageantstakeplaceforcelebration.

。Manypageantstakeplaceforamusement。

［C].Alotofpageantstakeplaceforreligion.

［D]。Becausepageantsusuallytakeplaceforcompetition。

Vocabulary

1.

conceive

設(shè)想,想象

tobeconceived

設(shè)想好的，構(gòu)思好的

2.

undertheauspicesof

在……的主辦下

3。

meager

貧乏的，不足的

4。

mount

登上，制作，上演

5。

flavour

風(fēng)味，風(fēng)格,情趣

6.

archive（s)

檔案(館）

7.

distraction

使人分心的事

8。

ivy

常春藤

9。

mellow

柔和的

10。

recourse(to)

依賴，求助于

11。

drape

覆蓋，披上

12。

invaluable

無(wú)價(jià)的,非常貴重的

13。

tunic

（古時(shí)）長(zhǎng)達(dá)膝蓋的外衣，穿在盔甲上的戰(zhàn)袍

14.

chenille

繩絨絨（織品）

15.

jumble

混亂，搞亂

16。

pennant

細(xì)長(zhǎng)三角旗

17。

garland

花環(huán),花冠

難句譯注

1。

Thissometimesmeansthatthereisanallocationoffundsavailableforthepurposeofmountingtheproduction，thoughunfortunatelythiswillusuallybefoundtobeonthemeagersideandmuchingenuitywillhavetobeusedtostretchitsothatallperformerscanbeadequatelyclothed.

[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]

復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。That是主句的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句后再有從句。

［參考譯文]

這種情況，有時(shí)就表示有一個(gè)可用于演出目的資金配額.遺憾的是配額一般都少而不足，就得動(dòng)用非常之才能細(xì)細(xì)的使用金額，使所有的演員都能穿上合適的戲裝。

2.

Mostpageantshaveahistoricalflavourastheyusuallycomeaboutthroughthecelebrationoftheanniversaryofsomeeventofhistoricimportance，orthelifeordeathofsomelocalworthy。

[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]

主從句

[參考譯文］

大多數(shù)露天演出都帶有歷史情調(diào)，因?yàn)檫@些戲一般是通過(guò)慶祝某個(gè)重大的歷史事件，或慶祝當(dāng)?shù)啬硞€(gè)值得紀(jì)念的人誕辰或逝世周年而產(chǎn)生的。

3.

Thisisanentirelydifferentproblemfromdesigningcostumeswhicharegoingtobelookedatunderartificiallighting；foronething，scenesviewedinthedaylightaresubjecttomanymoredistractions。Nolongeriseverythingaroundcutoutbythesurroundingdarkness，butinsteaditisveryeasytobeawareofdisturbingmovementintheaudienceofbehindtheperformers.

[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析］

復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):主句thisis后有定語(yǔ)從句，which修飾costumes。從句中又套從句。

[參考譯文］

這和人為燈光下看的設(shè)計(jì)服裝完全不一樣。首先，白天看到幕景易于受許多因素影響，不再能用一片漆黑的環(huán)境把周圍的一切隔開，而是相反，演員后和觀眾中有點(diǎn)紛亂的動(dòng)作，很容易看到。

4.

Verytheatricallyconceivedclothesdonotalwayslooktheirbestwhenseeninadaylightsettingoftrees，verdantlawnsandoldivy—coveredwalls；thesamegoesforcostumesbeingworninfrontofthemellowcolorsofstatelyhomes.

[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析]

并列句，中用分號(hào)隔開.第一句中有whenseen連詞+過(guò)去分詞，實(shí)質(zhì)起從句作用。第二句是主從句。

[參考譯文]

設(shè)計(jì)出的非常具有戲劇性效果的服裝，在光天化日，有樹木,有綠茵茵的草地，又有爬滿常春藤的古老圍墻的背景下，經(jīng)?？雌饋?lái)是不起眼：在堂皇的住宅四周一片和色調(diào)前，所穿的服裝效果同樣不太好。

5.

Ifmoneyisavailabletodresstheperformerswithoutrecoursetotheirownhelpintheprovisionofitems,itisbesttoarrangeforallthecuttingandpinningtogetherofthecostumestobedonebyoneortwoexperiencedpeoplethantobegivenouttothegroupsandindividualsforcompletion。

［結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析］

條件句,主句為邏輯主句，注意中間兩個(gè)被動(dòng)不定式.Tobedoneby，thantobegivenout，這里的than起連詞作用。

［參考譯文]

如果有錢可以為演員著裝而不用求助自己供應(yīng)種種物件，那么最好把所有的戲裝的裁減和縫制交給一,兩個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)人去干，而不是讓群體演員和單個(gè)演員去完成。

寫作方法與文章大意

文章論述露天演出的服裝問題,由于露天演出不同于室內(nèi)，劇院內(nèi)演出,要從各個(gè)方面考慮服裝問題，才能獲得應(yīng)有的舞臺(tái)效果.作者從資金多少，地方色彩，露天，白天，顏色搭配等方面來(lái)論述服裝。寫法多種，有因果，對(duì)比，舉例等。

答案祥解

1。

C.露天演出的服裝。第一段末尾已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明,“一般認(rèn)為露天演出規(guī)模宏大，常常是由某個(gè)地方或當(dāng)局(民政局主辦贊助）,或總是和某個(gè)地方集團(tuán)有關(guān)。這意味著有用于演出目的資金配額,遺憾的是配額一般很少，必須動(dòng)用非常的才能，細(xì)細(xì)的使用資金，所有演員才能窗上恰當(dāng)?shù)姆b."其他各段各有重點(diǎn),但都是服務(wù)于劇裝這一中心。

A。露天演出。

B。舞臺(tái)劇裝（包括劇場(chǎng)).

D.如何安排露天演出；涉及面或大或小，不適合。

2.

C.

和諧。服裝設(shè)計(jì)中最重要的因素是和諧。這一點(diǎn)在幾段中都提到，第二段最后一句“演員的主題必須以群體設(shè)計(jì)，頭腦中必須經(jīng)常記住群體效果?！钡谌巫詈笠痪洹氨仨氀芯垦莩龅牡乩砦恢?，決出什么樣的顏色和織物，能和環(huán)境，條件，達(dá)到最完美和諧.”第五段專講顏色搭配，“應(yīng)當(dāng)從總體考慮顏色，這樣才有亮和暗的群體對(duì)比,幫助產(chǎn)生實(shí)感的視覺效果，一群穿著雜七雜八顏色服裝的演員聚集在一起看起來(lái)亂哄哄。缺乏戲劇效果。"這也是和諧之要求。

A。錢。錢要考慮.出前兩段外,第三段最后一句，講完和諧后,也提到“盡可能以能到手的資金加以實(shí)現(xiàn)這決定。"第四段中“在錢很少或是沒有錢的情況下，服裝得降到基本需要”，下面就講利用被單，浴巾，窗簾做服裝,所以錢在服裝設(shè)計(jì)中很重要，但不能列為最重要因素,有錢沒有錢都得以服裝協(xié)調(diào)為主。

B。顏色。

D?？椘?。同樣都的服從和諧這一前提。

3.

D.因?yàn)槟艿玫劫Y金的配額都很少。第一段最后一句話,見第一題譯注.

A.因?yàn)樵诠馓旎障卵莩觥?/p>

B.因?yàn)椴煌輪T要求不同服裝。

C.顏色和織物必須和布景諧調(diào)。這些只是考慮的因素。見上面譯文。

4。

A。因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)露天演出都是為紀(jì)念慶祝。第二段第一句“露天演出一般都是某個(gè)具有歷史意義事件，或者當(dāng)?shù)啬硞€(gè)值得紀(jì)念的人物的誕辰和逝世周年，所以大多數(shù)露天演出都具有歷史紀(jì)念色彩?！?/p>

B.許多露天演出是為了娛樂。

C.許多露天演出是為了宗教。

D.因?yàn)槁短煅莩鲆话闶菂⑴c競(jìng)賽.三項(xiàng)都不對(duì)?！?015高考復(fù)習(xí)】閱讀理解Farmingismovingindoors,wherethesunnevershines，whererainfallisirrelevantandwheretheclimateisalwaysright。Theperfectcropfieldcouldbeinsideawindowlessbuildingwithcontrolledlight，temperature，wetness，airqualityandnutrition.ItcouldbeinaNewYorkhigh。riseorasprawlingcomplexintheSaudidesert。Itmaybeananswertotheworld'sfoodproblems.Theworldalreadyishavingtroublefeedingitself.HalfthepeopleonEarthliveincities，andnearlyhalfofthose－about3billion－arehungryorill。fed.Foodprices,currentlyincreasing,arebuffetedbydryness,floodsandthecostofenergyrequiredtoplant，harvestandtransport。Andpriceswillonlygetmoreunstable.Climatechangemakeslong。termcropplanninguncertain。Farmersinmanypartsoftheworldalreadyareusingwateravailabletothelastdrop。Andtheworldisgettingmorecrowded：bymid-century，theglobalpopulationwillgrowfrom6。8billionto9billion。Tofeedsomanypeoplemayrequireexpandingfarmlandattheexpenseofforestsandwilderness,orfindingwaystocompletelyincreasecropoutput.GertjanMeeuwshastakentheconceptofagreenhouseastepfurther,growingvegetablesandhouseplantsinenclosed(封閉的）andregulatedenvironments。Intheirresearchstation,waterflowsintothepanswhenneeded，andthetemperatureiskeptconstant。Lightsgoonandoff，creatingsimilardayandnight，butaccordingtotherhythmoftheplant。Abuildingof100squaremetersandlayers(層）ofplantscouldprovideadailydietof200gramsoffreshfruitandvegetablestotheentirepopulationofDenBosch，about140，000people。Theirideaisn'ttogrowfoodsthatrequiremuchspace，likecornorpotatoes。Heresunlightisnotonlyunnecessarybutcanbeharmful.Plantsneedonlyspecificwavelengthsoflighttogrow.Theirgrowthrateisthreetimesfasterthanundergreenhouseconditions。Theyuseabout90percentlesswaterthanoutdooragriculture.Andcityfarmingmeansproducingfoodneartheconsumer,andthere’snoneedtotransportitlongdistances?！菊Z(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明