選修8Unit5Reading的課件資料第1頁/共74頁Archaeologyisthestudyofancientcivilizationsbyscientificanalysisofphysicalremainsfoundintheground.Archaeologiststudiesprehistoricpeopleandtheirculture.

第2頁/共74頁

Whatistheobject?Whatisitmadeof?Whatwasitusedfor?Whatarethemodernalternatives?1.WarmingUP(P37)第3頁/共74頁第4頁/共74頁第5頁/共74頁第6頁/共74頁第7頁/共74頁ItsnameWhatitwasmadeofItsuseToday’salternative1AhouseholdobjectfromGreececlaylampclay/pottery

(陶器)tolightthehouseelectric

light第8頁/共74頁Thisisanoillampthatwasusedtogivelightatnight.Itwaspossiblyusedforparties,houseworkorstudy.Oliveoilwasplacedinthebodyofthelamptomakethelight.Therewasathreadthatwentfrominsidethelamp,andwhenitwaslititprovidedlight.第9頁/共74頁ItsnameWhatitwasmadeofItsuseToday’salternative2

AmusicalinstrumentChinese

chimes(編鐘）metal,possiblybronze青銅orbrass黃銅toprovidemusicxylophone(木琴)第10頁/共74頁Thisisamusicalinstrumentwhichwasplayedwhenapersonhitthebronzeorbrassbells.Differentnotescouldbemadebymakingthebellslargerorsmaller.Peoplecomposedmusictobeplayedinalargehouse,templeorpalace.第11頁/共74頁Its

nameWhatitwasmadeof

Its

useToday’s

alternative3

Astonetoolstone/jadeaxe（斧）stone/jadetochopwoodchain

saw(鏈鋸)第12頁/共74頁Thistoolismadeofjadestonewhichishardandverybeautiful.Ithadasharpedgesoitcouldbeusedtobreakotherpiecesofstone.Theholeonthetopofthetoolshowswhereitwasjoinedtoawoodenhandle,soitcouldbeusedlikeanaxetoday.第13頁/共74頁Its

nameWhatitwasmadeof

Its

useToday’s

alternative4AfaceofanEgyptianPharaoh（法老）death

maskgoldtocoverthefaceofthepharaohafterhisdeathnone第14頁/共74頁ThisisamaskwhichwasplacedoverthePharaoh’sfaceafterhedied.Sometimestheywerealsoburiedwiththedeadpharaoh.Theyweremadeofgoldanddecoratedinbeautifulcolours.ItshowsthatthePharaohexpectedhisobjectstohavethebestofmaterialandworkmanship（工藝）.第15頁/共74頁Doyouknowabout

ZhoukouDian?Whereisit?Whatisfamousfor?ItisontheLongguMountain,FangshanDistrict,Beijing.ItisfamousforPekingMan,acompleteskull(頭蓋骨)ofanape-man(猿人)datingback600,000years.Pre-reading第16頁/共74頁北京人頭蓋骨化石北京猿人復(fù)原圖第17頁/共74頁ZhoukoudianCaves第18頁/共74頁第19頁/共74頁第20頁/共74頁第21頁/共74頁

1933年北京市房山縣周口店龍骨山山頂洞出土。骨針長8.2厘米,孔徑

0.31-0.33厘米。這是中國已發(fā)現(xiàn)的時代最早的骨針之一,其針身保存完好,針孔處破裂,針尖銳利,表面有刮磨痕跡。針孔是用尖狀器刮挖而成。骨針第22頁/共74頁Whatobjectsareusedbytheprimitivepeople?12345678910第23頁/共74頁ModernpeoplePekingManPlaceforlivingFurnitureEntertain-mentFoodClothingstone,woodenorbrickhousecavewooden,specialforeachroomTV,sport,films,hobbies,education,job,Internetfamilyget

togetherfruit,vegetables,meatandfish,etcnaturalfood,suchasnutsandfruits.naturalandman-madefibersskins,leavesnaturalfurnituremadeofstoneorwood.

第24頁/共74頁Reading：

AVisittotheZhoukoudianCaves第25頁/共74頁Topic1Topic2Topic3

1.Readtheconversationagainandfindoutthethreetopicsthatthearchaeologisttalkedabout.LifeinthecaveWhatcanwelearnfromaneedleWhatcanwelearnfromanecklace第26頁/共74頁Groupperformance

Welcome…第27頁/共74頁2.Findtheinformationaboutneedleandnecklace.

ObjectWhatcanbediscoveredfromit?Needle1.Theyrepairedormade_______.2.No_______ofmakingmaterialhasbeenfound.3.______havebeenfoundto_____and______animalsskins.Guess:Soearlypeopleprobably______animalskins.clothesmethodsTools

worecutclean第28頁/共74頁ObjectWhatcanbediscoveredfromit?necklace1.Theycaredabouttheir____________.2.Someofthebeadsweremadeof___________.Guess:Soearlypeoplekilled,_______andmostprobablyateanimals3.Someofthebeadweremadeof__________.Guess:Soearlypeople________andprobably_____fishinthe_______lake4.Someofthebeadsweremadeof_________.Guess:Soearlypeoplemayhave________totheseaor________withpeoplewhohadseashells.appearanceanimal

bonescut

upfish

bonescaughtseashellstravelled

atenearbytraded第29頁/共74頁1Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.3.Comprehending

1.WhyhavetheEnglishstudentscometotheZhoukoudiancaves?

Thestudentswanttofindoutabouthowearlypeoplelived.TherearenosuchsitesinEnglandwhiletheZhoukoudiancavesprovideanexcellentexampleofasitewhereearlypeoplelived.

第30頁/共74頁2.Wheredidearlypeoplelive?3.Howdidearlypeoplekeepwarm?

Earlypeoplelivedincaves.

Theyusedfurfromanimalsforclothesandhadfiresburningallwinter.第31頁/共74頁4.Whatdidtheyusefordoors?5.Whatdidtheyeat?

Thearchaeologistthinkstheymayhaveusedanimalskins.Theyateanimalmeat,suchastigersandbears,andfishfromthelakenearby.Theyalsopickedfruitwhenitwasripe.第32頁/共74頁2Writedownthreewaysinwhichthelifeofearlypeoplediffersfromyourown.Usetheinformationfromthereadingpassagetohelpyouwitheachcategory.

Homes:

caves,perhapswithskinstokeepoutthecoldTools:

scrapers,axe-heads,boneneedlesDress:animalskins,sewntogetherwithneedlesandthread,necklaces第33頁/共74頁DoyouthinkitisimportantforustoknowaboutZhoukoudiancaves?Why?ZhoukoudianCaveswereformallyinscribed(記入)onthe“WorldHeritageList”inDecember1987attheeleventhsessionofUNESCOWorldHeritageCommittee.TheinscriptionofthePekingManSiteSummary

第34頁/共74頁ontheWorldHeritageListconfirmstheexceptionalanduniversalvalueoftheculturalsite,whichrequiresprotectionforthebenefitofallhumanity.ThesiteisthereforenotonlyofChina,butalsooftheworldasawhole.第35頁/共74頁1.Youmustbeawarethatit’s

here

thatwe’vefoundevidenceofsomeoftheearliestpeople

wholivedinthispartoftheworld.

想必你們知道,正是在這兒我們找到了居住在世界這個部分最早人類的證據(jù)。

1)Youmustbeawarethat…主句后接由強(qiáng)調(diào)句和定語從句組成的賓語從句。

must是作為情態(tài)動詞表示肯定推測,

譯作“一定,肯定”,只用于肯定推測。對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵧茰y,用“mustdo”。Languagepoints第36頁/共74頁Youmustbehungryafteralongwalk．走了很長的路,你一定很餓。對正發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的事進(jìn)行推測,用“mustbedoing”。Thelightison.Hemust

be

doinghishomeworknow.燈亮著,他一定正在做作業(yè)。對過去的事進(jìn)行推測,用“musthavedone”。Thegroundiswet.Itmust

have

rainedlastnight.地是濕的,昨晚一定下雨了。第37頁/共74頁此時,應(yīng)注意反意疑問句的構(gòu)成。如果句中有表示過去的時間狀語,反意疑問句用“didn’t+主語”;如果句中無表示過去的時間狀語,反義疑問句用“haven’t/hasn’t+主語”。Hemusthavearrivedherelastnight,didn’t

he?他一定昨晚就來這兒了,不是嗎?Hemust

have

arrivedhere,hasn’t

he?他一定來這兒了,不是嗎?第38頁/共74頁2)aware

adj．意識到的,知道的通常用作表語Weshouldbeawarethatalotofanimalsarebecomingendangered．我們必須清楚地認(rèn)識到許多動物正瀕臨滅絕的危險。beawareofsth.

知道;意識到Thoughmostsmokersareawareofthedangersofsmoking,theywon’tgiveup.第39頁/共74頁3)it’sherethatwe’ve…是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,其基本句式是Itis(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子其他部分,此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語、賓語和狀語。ItwasyourmotherwhomImetinthestreet．我在街上碰到的是你的母親。ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourmother.我是在街上碰到你母親的。Itwasshewhohadbeenwrong.錯的是她。第40頁/共74頁Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay____matters.(2005天津高考)A.ThatB.whatC.whichD.this本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語,此時應(yīng)用that來引導(dǎo)。4)“Wholivedinthispartoftheworld”是定語從句修飾先行詞people。people在定語從句作主語,故用關(guān)系代詞who來引導(dǎo)定語從句。A

第41頁/共74頁2.I’m

sorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere?

很抱歉打擾你,我想問問他們是怎么在這里生活的？1)句型“I’msorry...but...”是口語中委婉的表達(dá),“but”表示語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折。---Areyoufreethisweekend?---I’msorry,butlhavelotsofworktodo．---周末有空嗎?---對不起,我有大量的事要做。第42頁/共74頁2)interruptvt.&vi.打斷;中斷別打擾他,他還沒完成呢。__________________,forhehasn’tfinishedyet.他的學(xué)習(xí)由于戰(zhàn)爭而中斷。Hisstudies___________________________.打岔;插嘴Itisrudetointerrupt.“Don’tinterrupt,”hesaid.Don’t

interrupt

himwere

interrupted

by

the

war第43頁/共74頁區(qū)別:interrupt和disturbinterruptv.

打擾,打斷,阻礙。常有“使……停止(中斷)”的意思。Hisspeechwasconstantlyinterruptedbyapplause.disturbv.打擾,妨礙。常指失去了正常的狀態(tài)或?qū)е吕щy產(chǎn)生。Baddreamsdisturbedhersleep.第44頁/共74頁3.Wehavefoundhumanandanimalbonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellas

toolsandornaments.我們在山的比較高的洞穴里發(fā)現(xiàn)了動物和人類的骨頭以及工具和裝飾品。as

well

as1)conj.aswellas可以用來連接兩個相同的成分,如：名詞、形容詞、動詞、介詞,通常不位于句首。意為“不但……而且”。第45頁/共74頁2)prep.

相當(dāng)于besides,inadditionto，意為“除……之外”,后面通常接名詞或動詞。As

well

aseatingfivecoursemeals,theydranktwobottlesofwine.Shesingsaswellasplayingthepiano.Helenas

well

asIiseagertoseetheperformance.第46頁/共74頁4.Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassume

theylivedinthesecaves,regardless

ofthecold．因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧寒冷住在這些洞穴里。

1)regardlessof

不管;不顧

Heclimbedthebuilding,regardlessofthedanger.

不管有多危險,他還是爬上了大廈。

inspiteofWewillpersevereregardlessofpastfailures.

盡管以前我們失敗過,但仍要堅持下去。第47頁/共74頁2)assumevt.假定;設(shè)想科學(xué)家們設(shè)想月球上沒有動物。

______________________thattherearenoanimalsonthemoon.裝作她裝出一副吃驚的樣子。

She__________________________.擔(dān)任,承擔(dān)我來承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

I_________________________.The

scientists

assumeassumedalookofsurpriseassumedthe

responsibility第48頁/共74頁Assume后多跟名詞,賓語+tobe+n./adj.that從句。Assuming放在句首,表一種猜測。e.g.Assumingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?假如明天下雨,我們該做什么呢？擴(kuò)展:assumptionn.

makeanassumption第49頁/共74頁5.Thatwouldhavekeptthemwarm,cookedthefoodandscaredwildanimalsawayaswell.

他們用這火取暖、做飯,還能用火嚇跑野獸。

1)would表示猜測,譯為“想必……”、“肯定會……”

如果汽車當(dāng)時翻到懸崖下,他們早就喪命了。

___________________________ifthecarhadgoneoverthecliff.Theywouldhavebeenkilled第50頁/共74頁2)keepthemwarm為keep+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使……處于某種狀態(tài)(情況)”。用作賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的詞有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞以及介詞短語。Hekeptmewaitingforhalfanhour.Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.第51頁/共74頁6.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,which

suggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說明他們可能整個冬季都在燒火。1)havebeenexcavating

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,意思是一直在挖,表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直不間斷地進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的繼續(xù)。第52頁/共74頁Ihavebeenlookingformylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven’tfoundit．我已經(jīng)找了三天我丟的書,但仍沒找到。Shehasbeensweepingthestreetallday.Sheistootired.

她一整天都在掃大街,她太累了。

Wehavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.Wedon’twanttowaitanylonger.

我們已經(jīng)等你兩個小時了,不想再等了。第53頁/共74頁2)句中“which”用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,

先行詞為其前的句子。3)suggestvt.tomakeevidentindirectly;imply

意為“暗示,意味,表明”

Herpalefacesuggeststhatshewasill.

她蒼白的臉色表明她病了。

Thehandwritingofthelettersuggeststhatthelettermightbefromalady．從書信的字體上看,寫信人是一位女性。第54頁/共74頁Asilencesuggesteddisapproval.沉默暗示著反對。Hisfacesuggestsheishappynow．從他臉上能看出他現(xiàn)在很幸福。Hisbadmannerssuggestalackoffamilyeducation．他的無禮反映了他缺乏家教。第55頁/共74頁但當(dāng)suggest作“建議”講時,其用法為:suggest+doingIsuggesthergoinghomeatonce．我建議她馬上回家。suggest+(that)…shoulddo…Isuggested(that)she(should)gohomeatonce.我建議她要馬上回家。第56頁/共74頁---Howdoyou____wegotoBeijingforourholidays?---Ithinkwe’dbetterflythere.It’smuchmorecomfortable.(2004福建高考)A.insistB.wantC.supposeD.suggestD

第57頁/共74頁4)mighthavedoneA:Wherewasyoursister?Ididn’tseeherattheparty．B:Shemighthavegoneswimmingwithsomefriends．A:你姐姐上哪兒去了?聚會時我沒見到她。B:她可能和朋友游泳去了。

第58頁/共74頁7.sharpen

vt.

使鋒利，尖銳；使強(qiáng)烈

Theknifeneedssharpening.Thetoneofhislettershassharpenedrecently.

sharp

adj.鋒利的,尖銳的;急轉(zhuǎn)的,陡峭;

突然的,急劇

asharpturn急轉(zhuǎn)彎

asharpincrease急劇增加第59頁/共74頁8.cutup切碎工人將木頭劈碎。_____________________________.早期人類用石器切割動物。Earlyman_______________________animals.cupdown

砍倒;削減cut

away

切掉;剪掉;跑開cut

in

插嘴;突然插入;超車cut

off

切斷,斷絕cut

through

刺穿;抄近路通過Theworkercutupthewoodusedstonetoolstocutup第60頁/共74頁9.Yesandsowellpreserved．

……還保存得如此完好。

這是省略的句子,完整句應(yīng)是:…anditissowellpreserved(it指necklace)preserve

vt.1)保存;保護(hù);收藏e.g.Youcanpreservemeatorfishinsalt.

你可以用鹽來保存肉或魚。第61頁/共74頁2)保持;維持e.g.Itisoneofthedutiesofthepolicetopreservepublicorder.警察的職責(zé)之一是維持公共秩序。相關(guān)短語:preservesb./sth. 保護(hù)某人/保存某物preservesth.(forsth.)保存/保留某物以……preservesb.(fromsb./sth.)

保護(hù)某人以免……preservationn.第62頁/共74頁10.Yes,indeed,asthebotanicalanalyseshavebeenspecificallyshowingus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake．確實,正如植物學(xué)分析具體顯示給我們的那樣,附近所有的土地都曾是大型淺湖的一部分。

as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句常譯作“正如……

那樣”。

Astheproverbgoes,“Theenemyindisguiseisjustlikethewolfinsheep’sclothing.”

正如諺語所說的那樣,偽裝的敵人就像是披著羊皮的狼。第63頁/共74頁2)analysis

n.(planalysis)分析Iwasverymuchpleasedbyyouranalysisofthesituation.我非常滿意你對形勢的分析。

3)part

前無形容詞時,修飾不可數(shù)名詞，前面不用冠詞；其前有形容詞時，修飾可數(shù)名詞，要用冠詞。TheblueshasbeenpartofAfricanAmericanculturesincethenanditisstillan

important

partofAmericanculture．自從那以后布魯斯就已經(jīng)是非美文化的一部分,而且現(xiàn)在仍是美國文化的重要部分。第64頁/共74頁tryatentativeguessshowsbaroundbeawarethatregardlessofscaresth/sbawaykeep…doingcutupcareaboutonone’sjourney(tosp)

嘗試,猜測領(lǐng)……到處看意識到……不管,不顧把……嚇走使……一直……切碎關(guān)心,在意在途中Phrases

第65頁/共74頁繼續(xù),保持,遵守繼續(xù)不接近;不接觸隱瞞……;不告訴使……不進(jìn)入;留在外邊keepupkeep

onkeep

offkeep

backkeepoutsth第66頁/共74頁1.Don’tinterrupthimwhileheisgivingaspeech.2.Ididn’tseeyourcar,soIassumedthatyouhadgoneout.3.HigginskepttalkingaboutEliza,regardless

of

herfeelings.

Guessthemeaningsofthenewwords.(stopsb.speaking)(thinks