TheBonesofLimbs附肢骨

醫(yī)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

目的和要求

1.掌握上肢帶骨、自由上肢骨、下肢帶骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形態(tài)及上、下肢骨的重要體表標(biāo)志2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列Theappendicularskeleton(附肢骨）thebriefintroductionIncludethebonesofupperlimbsandlowerlimbs.Becauseoftheerectstanding,theupperlimbsarereleasedfromweightbearingandbecometheorgansoflabourwithgreateranddelicatedmobility.sothatthebonesofupperlimbsarelighterandsmallerinshapeandsize.thebonesoflowerlimbsareveryheavyandstrong.

Clavicle（鎖骨）“S”shaped,medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackwardSternalend胸骨端mediallyandacromialend肩峰端laterally

上面觀下面觀

Theweakestpartoftheclavicleisatthejunctionofthemiddleandlateralthirds

骨折部位Threeborders:Superiorborder:(上緣）scapularnotch肩胛切跡coracoidprocess喙突Medial

(vertebral)

border

脊柱緣Lateral(axillary)border

腋緣Superior:oppositetothe2ndrib

Inferior:oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalsspaceLateral:glenoidcavity關(guān)節(jié)盂supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles盂上、下結(jié)節(jié)Threeangles:SuperiorInferiorLateral

Thehumerusisthelongestandlargestboneoftheupperlimb.Ithasabody

andtwoends

Upperend:headofhumerus肱骨頭anatomicalneck解剖頸greaterandlessertubercles

大、小結(jié)節(jié)surgicalneck外科頸(易骨折)Thehumerus（肱骨）Shaft:1.deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆onlateralsurface2.asulcusforradialnerve橈神經(jīng)溝

onposteriorsurface(肱骨中斷骨折容易傷及橈神經(jīng)引起垂腕)capitulum肱骨小頭Trochlea肱骨滑車coronoidfossa冠突窩radialfossa橈窩

olecranonfossa鷹嘴窩

lateralandmedialepicondyles內(nèi)、外上髁sulcusfor

ulnarnerve尺神經(jīng)溝Lowerend:Fractureofthedistalendoftheradius

Ulnar尺骨Upperend:

olecranon鷹嘴

coronoidprocess

冠突

trochlearnotch滑車切跡

radialnotch

橈切跡ulnartuberosity尺骨粗隆

Lowerend

:

styloidprocess尺骨莖突headofulna尺骨頭BonesofLowerLimb

Composition:

Pelvicgirdle:hipbone髖骨Bonesoffreelowerlimb:inthighFemur股骨(patella髕骨)inlegTibia脛骨andfibula腓骨infootTarsals跗骨,metatarsals跖骨,phalangesoftoes趾骨threecomponents:

ilium髂骨Ischium坐骨pubis恥骨Hipbone(髖骨)

Theischium(坐骨)Bodyofischium

坐骨體

toformposteriorandinferior2/5ofacetabulumischialspine坐骨棘lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切跡Ramusofischium

坐骨支

ischialtuberosity坐骨結(jié)節(jié)

Pubis

(恥骨)

Bodyofpubis

恥骨體―toformanteriorandinferior1/5ofacetabulum,iliopubiceminence髂恥隆起Superiorramusofpubis

恥骨上支:

pectenofpubis

恥骨梳pubictubercle恥骨結(jié)節(jié)pubiccrest恥骨嵴symphysialsurface恥骨聯(lián)合面Inferiorramusofpubis恥骨下支:obturatorforamen閉孔

ThefemuristhelongestandheaviestboneinthebodyandconsistsofashaftandtwoendsThefemur(股骨)femoralhead股骨頭foveaoffemoralhead股骨頭凹neckoffemur股骨頸（易骨折）greatertrochanter大轉(zhuǎn)子lessertrochanter小轉(zhuǎn)子intertrochantericline轉(zhuǎn)子間線intertrochantericcrest轉(zhuǎn)子間嵴

Upperend:Fractureofthefemoralnecklineaaspera粗線glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆pectinealline恥骨肌線

poplitealsurface腘面

Shaftmedialcondyles內(nèi)側(cè)髁lateralcondyles外側(cè)髁medialepicondyle內(nèi)上髁lateralepicondyle外上髁adductortubercle

收肌結(jié)節(jié)intercondylarfossa髁間窩patellarsurface髕面

Lowerend

Tibia

脛骨Upperend:

medial

and

lateralcondyles內(nèi)外側(cè)髁

intercondylareminence髁間隆起fibulararticularsurface腓關(guān)節(jié)面

tuberosityoftibia脛骨粗隆

Shaft:

interosseousborder骨間緣solealline比目魚肌線Lowerend:

fibularnotch腓切跡medialmalleolus

內(nèi)踝

Fibula(腓骨)Upperend:fibular

head腓骨頭

neckoffibula腓骨頸Shaft:

interosseousborder骨間緣Lowerend:

lateralmalleolus外踝Patella髕骨triangularsesamoidbone腓骨頸骨折損傷腓神經(jīng)引起的“馬蹄內(nèi)翻足”Tarsalbones

跗骨（7）

距跟舟三楔骰Metatarsalbones跖骨（5）Phalangesoftoes趾骨（14）

4.足骨：跟骨距骨足舟骨楔骨跖骨趾骨骰骨包括7塊跗骨TarsalB、5塊跖骨MetatarsalB、和14塊趾骨PhalangesofToes。Question

theclavicleandthescapula.

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1．Whatbonesmakeupthes