2021-2022年山東省菏澤市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Airconditioning,especiallyheatinginwintercouldreallymakeusgainweight.

2.

In______,peoplebelievethatGodraisedJesusfromthedeadonthethirddayafterhewaskilled.

3.

Libraryclassificationsystempermitusersto_________________ortodiscoverwhatbooksonaparticularsubjectareheldbythelibrary.

4.ThesurveyoftheJosephsonInstituterevealedin2008that______.

A.moststudentspassedtheexaminationsbycheating

B.fewstudentsrealizedtheharmofdeceiving

C.lyinghadbecomeahabitofmanystudents

D.cheatingwasspreadingunrestrainedlyinschools

5.

Amygdalais______.

6.

Theever-increasingexploitationofrivershasresultedinvariousproblemsexcept______.

A.decreaseofthedepthofthechannels

B.fallofthewatertableofthesurroundingarea

C.destructionoftheriversinecosystems

D.waterpollution

7.

Peace-keepingliesservetoprotecttheliarfrompossible______.

8.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheShyArchitect

Castingaboutforsomeonetorunabigfamilyfirnwhenasuccessfultyrantisduetoretireisusuallyatroublesomebusiness.WhenthefirmisstillcontrolledbythesamefamilythatfoundeditbackwhenJohnD.RockefellerwasgobblinguprefineriesinCleveland,itbecomesstillmoredaunting.AddthefactthattherulingfamilyisParsees,asmallZoroastriansectwhohavebeenintermarryinginIndiaforoverathousandyears,andtheoddsoffindingsomeonewhoisuptothejoblengthenagain.

The"individualist"or"loner"

Yetafterindifferentearlyreviews,RatanTatahastransformedtheTatagroup,ofwhichheischairman.Whenhetookoverfromhisuncle,J.R.D.Tata,itwasatroublesomeconglomerate(企業(yè)集團)withstakesinahugecollectionofcompaniesthatseemedlikelytowitherinthefaceofforeigncompetition.Nowitmakesforeignacquisitionsandventuresintounfamiliarmarkets.TataSteel'sbiddingwarwithCSN,aBrazilianfirm,overCorus,anAnglo-Dutchsteelmaker,isjustoneexampleoftheonce-staidgroup'snewboldness.Mr.TarawasrecentlyvotedIndianoftheyearbyviewersofanIndiantelevisionchannel,beatingbothSachinTendulkar,India'sgreatestcricketer,andAishwaryaRai,thecountry'smostfamousscreengoddess.Andhehassucceededpartlybecauseheiswhathisfriendscallanindividualist,andothersmightcallaloner.

Mr.Tatadoeshotlikepublicityandavoidstheplatformsandapplauseofconferences.Helivesfrugally,doesnotdrinkorsmokeandseemsbaffledbytheideaoftimespentnotworking.Askedwhathewoulddowithit,heusuallyrepliesthathewouldwalkhisdogalongthebeachnearMumbai.Hedoesnotseemtobemotivatedbymoney,andtalksconstantlyaboutfairnessanddoingtherightthing."IwanttobeabletogotobedatnightandsaythatIhaven'thurtanybody."Mr.TarasaystwiceinthecourseofaninterviewatahotelinNewDelhiownedbythesprawlinggroup.

Mr.Tatabecamechairmanin1991,justasIndia'seconomywasopeningup.Hisuncle,whohadrunTataformorethan50years,hadstartedTataAirlines(whichbecameAirIndia)andwastoIndiawhatGianniAgnelliofFiatwastoItaly.Hewasagood-lookingphilanthropist(慈善家)withaFrenchwifeandheldthefirstpilot'slicencetobeissuedinIndia.Hisshyandunglamorousnephew,incontrast,trainedasanarchitectatCornellUniversity,joinedquietlyintothefamilyfirmandwasnotmarkedoutforthesuccessionevenwhenhis:unclewasduetoretire.

DespitealltheglorythatsurroundedJ.R.D.,whenheretiredin1991,Tatawasagroupofcompaniesill-equippedtodealwiththechangesabouttosweepthroughIndia.Itearnedmostofitsmoneyinold-fashionedindustriesthathadgrownfatduringthecentrallyplanned"licenceraj",whenthegovernmentsetlimitsonhowmuchfirmswereallowedtoproduceandprotectedthemfromforeigncompetitors.

Thestakesheldbythefamilyinmanyofthe300-oddcompaniesinthegroupweretiny,andthemainTatabusinesseswererunasindependentfiefsbymenmucholderthanMr.Tata.TheymighthaveexpectedMr.Tata,whohadneverheldanexecutiveposition,toleavethemalone.Instead,heretiredthem,improvingtheirpensionstosoftentheblow.HesoldstakesinsomecompaniesandusedcashfromthesalesandrevenuefromTataConsultancyServices,I

A.difficultB.hopefulC.uncertainD.convenient

9.

Japanesemanagershaveakindofpaternalisticattitudetowardtheiremployeesbecausetheyarestrictwiththeemployeesinaparents'way.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Weshouldbeinformedofthepotentialharmaboutcloning.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

WhydidViacomdemandYouTuberemoveclipsfromitswebsite?

A.BecauseYouTubeviolatedtheagreementofViacom.

B.BecauseYouTubeinfringedthecopyrightofViacom.

C.BecauseNBCandCBSallowYouTubetoplacetheirmaterialonitswebsite.

D.BecauseitisuncertainthatYouTubecanearnmoney.

12.

RalphWaldoEmersonandHenryDavidThoreauaregreatenvironmentalists.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.TheNextDisaster:AreWeReady?

AreWeReallyPrepared?

AftertheattacksonSeptember11andthehurricanesthatslammedtheGulfCoastlastyear,you'dexpectourmajorcitiestobereadywithdisasterplansthatwillsavelivesandproperty.There'snodoubtwe'llbehitagain—maybeevenharder—becausethelistofpossiblecalamities(災(zāi)難)islong:fromabirdflupandemictoamassiveCaliforniaearthquake,tomoremonsterstorms,toanotherterroristattack.

Butarewereallypreparedtoprotectpeople,aswellastheirhomesandbusinesses?Everymajorurbanareahasreceivedfederalfunding,muchofitfromtheDepartmentofHomelandSecurity(DHS),inordertomaketheircitiesmoresecure.Buttherearenosetcriteriaformeasuringpreparedness(thefedsareworkingonthat),andthequalityofdisasterplansvarieswidelythroughoutthecountry.

Sowedecidedtodoanindependentassessmentof10high-riskurbanareas,focusingonkeysecurityindicators.Weanalyzedpublicdata,consultedwithfederalandlocalemergencyworkers,andcontactedthemayors'officestogauge(測量)thereadinessofthesecitiestomeetbothnaturalandman-madedisasters.

Ourcriteriafellunderthreemaincategories:EmergencyReadiness,CrisisCommunications,andMedicalResponse.

EmergencyReadiness

Arethereatleast1,000firstresponders(suchaspolice,fireandEMTs)per100,000residents?They'reourfirstlineofprotectioninalmostanydisastersituation—professionalswhoaretrainedtohandleeverythingfromrescuingvictimstoprovidingfirstaid,toenforcingquarantines(封鎖),todirectingtrafficforevacuations(疏散).

Aretherefederalsearch-and-rescueteamsbasedwithin50miles?Largecitiesoftenhavespecializedteamstodealwithsuchthingsashigh-rise-buildingrescuesorhazardouschemicalspills.Butthesesquadsaresometimessmall,ill-equipped,orrunonashoestring.Thisisnottrueoffederalurbansearch-and-rescuetaskforcesthattheDHSsupportsacrossthecountry.Eachtaskforceismadeof62membersand4canines,aswellasa"comprehensivecache"ofequipment.DHStaskforcesarenotautomaticallyassigned;acityneedstoapplyandpresentitscase.

Hasthecityorstateearned"greenstatus"fromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention?Supposethatinthemidstofaflupandemicorbioterrorattack,yourcityranlowoncriticalmedicines.TheCDCstandsreadytohelpbydistributingdrugsandmedicalequipmentfromitsStrategicNationalStockpile.Buttheagencywantstoknowthatacityorstateisabletoquicklymobilizehundredsofhealthworkersandvolunteerstrainedtohandlethelogistics,andhasspacesetasideforstorageandrefrigeration.You'rebestoffifyourcityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus"—evenifthestateitselfhasnot—becauseitmeanslocalhealthteamscanhandlethesuppliesontheirown.

Doesthecitywebsiteexplainclearlywhattodoincaseofevacuation?WhocanforgettheimagesofstrandedNewOrleansresidents,orthe5-mphcrawloutofHouston?ItturnedoutthatNewOrleans'sevacuationplanswerebothinadequateandpoorlycommunicated.Onewaycitiescanavoidasimilarnightmareistoputclearandeasy-to-findevacuationinformationontheirwebsites.Somecities,suchasBostonandWashington,postthepreferredstreetroutes.Others,likeLasVegas,won'tdisclosedetailsduetosecurityfears,buttheirwebsitesmayprovidewaystoquicklygetevacuationdetailswhenyouneedthem(suchasnumberstocalloralertservicesyoucansignupfor).Amongthemoreimportantthingstoaddressarepeoplewithoutvehiclesoftheirown(ahugefailinginNewOrleans)andinstructionsforpetowners.

Doesthewebsiteincludedetailsforresidentswithspecialneeds?InJuly1995,aviciousheatwavekilled

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

EveryCanadianuses______acre(s)atpresent.

15.

Theauthordoubtsthatmencanfindanswerstothe______inthenearfuture.

16.

Theexampleofkeepingadailygratitudejournalshowsthat______isveryimportant.

17.

Forthosewhojuststarttoexercise,thebestwaytoavoidfatigueandmusclepainisto______.

18.

In1940Hughespublished______.

19.

Eatingmustardatthepropertimeisbelievedtobeableto______.

20.

TheFTC'slaterreportsshowthatthefilmandgamingindustrieshavemadesomeimprovementwhile______________hasdonealmostnothingtoimprove.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：Since1939,numerousscientificstudieshavebeenconductedtodeterminewhethersmokingisahealthhazard.ThetrendoftheevidencehasbeenconsistentandindicatesthatthereisaserioushealthriskResearchteamshaveconductedstudiesthatshowbeyondallreasonabledoubtthatcigarettesmokingisassociatedwithashortenedlifeexpectancy.

Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandcancerofthroat.Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannonsmokingmakes.Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.

Itmightbehelpfultolookatwhatsmokingactuallydoestothehumanbody.Smokeisamixtureofgases,vaporizedchemicals,minuteparticlesofash,andotherthings.Thereisalsonicotine,whichisapowerfulpoisonandblacktar.Asthesmokeisbreathedin,allthesecomponentsform.depositsonthemembranesofthelungs.Onepointofconcentrationofdepositsiswheretheairtubedivides.Mostlungcancerbeginsatthispoint.

SmokingalsoaffectstheheartandBloodvessels.ItisknowntoberelatedtoBeurger'sdisease,anarrowingofthesmallveinsinthehandsandfeetthatcancausegreatpain.Smokersalsodiemuchmoreoftenfromheartdisease.

(33)

A.Femalesmokershavehigherqualityofresistance.

B.Femalesmokershavespecialorgantoavoidsuchdisease.

C.Femalesmokersdonotbreatheinsodeeply.

D.Femalesmokerssmokelesscigarettethanmalesmokers.

22.

【B3】

23.(25)

A.Theylivedinlargegroups.

B.Theyusedsandasinsulation.

C.Theykeptfiresburningconstantly.

D.Theyfacedtheirhomestowardthesouth.

24.聽力原文：W:I'llinviteyoutoourcountryhouseassoonasIfinishmythesis.

M:Attherateyouwrite,thatmaybenextyear.

Q:Whenisheinvited?

(16)

A.Nextyear.

B.Soon.

C.Whenshefinisheswriting.

D.Afterhevisitsher.

25.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：F:IfanybodywantsticketsforFriday'sgame,letmeknow.Myroommatehastwoshecan'tuse.

M:Whatissheasking?

Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

(12)

A.Whattheroommate'snameis.

B.Whattheroommatewantsinexchangeforthetickets.

C.Howmanyticketstheroommatehas.

D.Whattheroommatesaidbefore.

26.(36)

A.Accordingtowhatpeopleplay.

B.Accordingtowhatpeopledo.

C.Accordingtowhatpeopleneed.

D.Accordingtowhatpeoplehave.

27.(34)

A.Itmeansyouareinanothercountry.

B.Itmemosyouareinabadmood.

C.Itmeansyouhavemadeamistake.

D.Itmeansyouhavesometroubletohandle.

28.【B3】

29.聽力原文：M:Goodmorning,Percy.

W:Trevor,youhaveoneofthemostunusualstoriesI'veeverheard.Yet,nowadays,youseemtoleadaveryordinarylife.

M:Yes,Percy.I’madentist.IliveandworkinLondon.

W:Butatonetimeyouusedtohaveadifferentjob?

M:Yes,Iwasasoldier.

W:Asoldier?

M:That'sright.

W:Andhowlongagowasthat?

M:Oh,abouttwothousandyearsago.

W:That'sright.TrevorCartridgebelievesthathewasasoldierinthearmyofJuliusCaesar.HerememberscomingtoBritainwiththeRomanarmytwothousandyearsago.Trevor,tellusyourremarkablestory...inyourownwords!

M:Well,funnilyenough,itallbeganbecauseIwantedtogiveupsmoking.

W:Giveupsmoking?

M:Mm,IusedtosmoketoomuchandItriedtogiveupseveraltimes,butIalwaysstartedsmokingagainafewdayslater.IntheendIwenttoahypnotist.Hehypnotizedme,andIstoppedsmokingatonceIwasdelighted,asyoucanimagine.

W:Yes.:

M:Thatmademeveryinterestedinhypnotism,andItalkedtothehypnotistaboutit.Hetoldmethatsomepeoplecouldremembertheirpastliveswhentheywerehypnotized,andheaskedifIwantedtotry.Ididn'tbelieveitatfirst,butintheendIagreed.Hehypnotizedme,midsureenoughIwasaRomansoldierinCaesar'sarmy.

W:Youdidn'tbelieveitatfirst?

M:Ididn'tbelieveitbeforewetriedtheexperiment.NowI'mabsolutelyconvincedit'strue.

(20)

A.Caesar'sarmy.

B.Giveupsmoking.

C.Hypnotism.

D.Ordinarylife.

30.(24)

A.Studentsarenotrequiredtoattendregularclasslectures.

B.Theprofessorvideotapesclasslecturesforreview.

C.Classesareheldatvariouslocationsthroughoutthearea.

D.Studentsreceivecreditforworkexperience.

31.(47)

32.(13)

A.Hedoesn'tknowwhenherclassesstarted.

B.Hedoubtsshemakesmuchmoneynow.

C.He'ssurprisedshechosethatagency.

D.Hewonderswhyshe'skeepingherjob.

33.

【B6】

34.(41)

35.

【B5】

36.(29)

A.Becausehefilledoutthewrongform.

B.Becausetheofficerlaughedathim.

C.Becausehedidn'tknowwhatform.toget.

D.Becausehedidn'trealizetheform.wasinSpanish.

37.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Therearemanykindsoflibrariesintheworld.Andwecouldborrowbooksorgettheinformationfromit.Theymaybe【B1】______,school,collegeandmostof【B2】______orsomeothers,wemaycallthemas【B3】______librariessuchasthoseinhospital,businesses,【B4】______,orservicedepartmentand【B5】______.Someoftheselibrariesarefor【B6】______childrenandadult,andmostofthemareadults.Somearealmost【B7】______forchildrenandsomeareforadultsonly.Perhapsthefirstlibrarythatchildrenlearntouseisthehomelibrary.Insmallhousesor【B8】______,thehomelibrarymaybenomorethanafewbookskeptinabookcase.【B9】______.

Homelibrariesusuallyhavebooksforallmembersofthefamily.【B10】______.Thesereferencebooksmayincludecookbooks,birdorflowerbooks,dictionaries,andencyclopedias.

Manygradeschoolsandhighschoolshavelibrariesforpupilsandteacherstouse.Schoollibrarieshavebooksandotherprintedmaterialsforclassroomuseaswellasbooksthatstudentsreadjustforfun,orbecauseofaninterestinasubject.【B11】______.Thisiscalledacentralizedlibrary.Theremayalsobeclassroomlibraries,usuallysmallcollectionsofbookslaidonafewshelvesortablesinonecornerofeachoftheclassrooms.

【B1】

38.(21)

A.Thedresscodeisstrictlyformalinthecompany.

B.Itiscoldatthetimeoftheseason.

C.Itwillmakehimlookprofessional.

D.Thewomanlikesthewayhedresses.

39.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:I'mexhausted!Ican'tseestraightanymore.

W:Callitadayandgetsomerest.I'llfinishprintingthereportmyself.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?

(12)

A.Gohome.

B.Seeadoctor.

C.Finishthereport.

D.Lookforhisglasses.

40.(38)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

AccordingtoConradC.Lautenbacher,Lahasthegreatestinfluenceonthe______ofthehurricanes.

A.frequencyB.intensityC.durationD.route

42.

Whatwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigerationaccordingtothepassage?

43.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatabearisgoingtogainmoneyif______.

A.thestockpriceisrising

B.thestockpriceisdropping

C.thebullsarewithdrawing

D.otherbearsarelosingmoney

44.(50)

45.Accordingtothepassage,thepurposeofHCZ'sblackeducationisto______.

A.offerstudentsanintegratedsystem

B.reducethenumberofasthmaticchildren

C.getridofpovertyatthefirstplace

D.setupanetworktoprotectstudentsfromhazards

46.

【C8】

47.(55)

48.

【C4】

49.

FromthepassagewemayinferthattheToyota'sPartner______.

A.ismuchbetterthananyotherrobots

B.isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C.maybeputintomassproduction

D.mayspeaklikeman

50.

Itissafetoinferfromthepassagethat______.

A.lateralthinkingisusefulforcreativeproblem-solving

B.alateralthinkerisfreefromtherestraintofassumptions

C.lateralthinkingcanproducebetterandmoreeffectivesolutionstoproblemthanverticalthinking

D.bothAandB.

51.

Itis______onecaneverreceivewhenhe/shehearssomeoneelseexpressinglovetohim/her.

52.

WhywasTownes'earlyworkwithstimulatedemissiondonewithmicrowaves?

A.Hewasnotconcernedwithlightamplification.

B.Itwaseasiertoworkwithlongerwavelengths.

C.HispartnerSchawlowhadalreadybeguntoworkonlaser.

D.Thelaserhadalreadybeendeveloped.

53.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Letussupposethatyouareinthepositionofaparent.Wouldyouallowyourchildrentoreadanybooktheywantedtowithoutfirstcheckingitscontents?Wouldyoutakeyourchildrentoseeanyfilmwithoutfirstfindingoutwhetheritissuitableforthem?Ifyouranswertothesequestionsis"yes",thenyouareeitherextremelypermissive.Ifyouransweris"no",thenyouareexercisingyourrightasaparenttoprotectyourchildrenfromwhatyouconsidertobeundesirableinfluences.Inotherwords,byactingasacensoryourself,youareadmittingthatthereisastrongcaseforcensorship.

Now,ofcourse,youwillsaythatitisonethingtoexercisecensorshipwherechildrenareconcernedandquiteanothertodothesameforadults.Childrenneedprotectionanditistheparents'responsibilitytoprovideit.Butwhataboutadults?Aren'ttheyoldenoughtodecidewhatisgoodforthem?Theansweristhatmanyadultsare,butdon'tmakethemistakeofthinkingthatalladultsarelikeyou.Censorshipisforthegoodofsocietyasawhole.Likethelaw,censorshipcontributestothecommongood.

Somepeoplethinkthatitisdisgracefulthatacensorshouldinterferewithworksofart.Whoisthisperson,theysay,tobanthisgreatbookorcutthatgreatfilm?Noonecansethimselfupasasuperiorbeing.Butwemustremembertwothings.Firstly,wheregenuineworksofartareconcerned,moderncensorsareextremelyliberalintheirviews-oftenfarmoreliberalthanalargesectionofthepublic.Artisticmeritissomethingwhichcensorsclearlyrecognize.Andsecondly,wemustbearinmindthatthegreatproportionofbooks,playsandfilmswhichcomebeforethecensorareveryfarfrombeing"worksofart".

Whendiscussingcensorship,therefore,weshouldnotconfineourattentiontogreatmasterpieces,butshouldconsiderthevastnumbersofpublicationsandfilmswhichmakeupthebulkoftheentertainmentindustry.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,immoralpeoplearegivenalicensetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof"art".Thereisanincreasingtendencytoequateartisticwith"pornographic".Thevastmarketforpornographywouldrapidlybeexploited.Oneofthegreatthingsthatcensorshipdocsistopreventcertainpeoplefrommakingfatprofitsbycorruptingthemindsofothers.Toargueinfavorofabsolutefreedomistoargueinfavorofanarchy.

Societywouldreallybethepoorerifitdepriveditselfofthewisecounselandtherestraininginfluencewhichacensorprovides.

Permissiveparentswould______.

A.lettheirchildrenreadanybookstheyliketo

B.notlettheirchildrenseeanyfilmstheyliketo

C.notlettheirchildrenreadanybookswithoutfirstcheckingtheircontents

D.lettheirchildrenseethefilmswiththeirfirstchecking

54.

WithinMelanesia,theSpeikRiverareacultureisapparentlynotedforits______.

A.craftobjects

B.agriculturalproduce

C.forestproducts

D.giftedorators

55.ThroughoutGeorgeBush'spresidency,thefederalgovernmenthasrefusedtosupportanyregulationofthegreenhousegasesthatcauseglobalwarming.Wheneverthesubjectcomesup,officialstendtomumble(咕噥)aboutuncertainties.ButonApril2nd,theSupremeCourtatlastsettledoneofthebiggestoutstandingquestions:whetherthegovernmenthastheauthoritytocurbemissionsinthefirstplace.

ThecourtruledthattheCleanAirActalawfromthe1960sdesignedtocombatsmog—givestheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)thepowertoregulatecarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegas.ItalsosaidtheEPAwouldneedanexcuseifitdecidednottousethispower.ItdismissedthejustificationstheEPAhadprovidedforinactionthatemissionsfromAmericancarswereinsignificantinthegrandschemeofthingsandthatunilateralactionbyAmericawouldundermineeffortstoachieveinternationalconsensusonglobalwarming—asinadequate.Strictlyspeaking,therulingappliesonlytoemissionsfromvehicles,butaverysimilarcaseregardingcoalfiredpowerplantsispending(未決的)infederalcourt.TheEPAsaysitisnowexaminingtheruling.

TheEPAmightexamineitforsometime,ofcourse.Anyregulationsitcomesupwithinresponsemightstilldeferactionintothedistantfuture,sincethelawallowstheEPAtodelayimplementationuntilappropriatetechnologycanbeacquiredatareasonablecost.Evenifitproceedsquiteswiftly,anewpresidentandCongresswithglobe-coolingideasoftheirownwillbeinplacelongbeforeanynewrulescomeintoeffect.

Thatsuitstheenvironmentallobbyjustfine.TheyhopetherulingwillspurCongresstoaddressglobalwarmingwithproperlegislation.Afterall,itmakeslittlesenseforsuchanimportantissuetobetackledtangentially(無甚關(guān)系的)througha40-year-oldlaw.Andif2009seestheinaugurationofagreenerpresident,heorshewillnowhavethepower,todictatestricterfuelefficiency,intheform.oflowerCO2emissions,withoutreferencetoCongress.

Californiasetanexample.In2002,thestateassemblypassedalawregulatingemissionsofCO2fromvehicles,basedonaprovisionoftheCleanAirActthatallowsCaliforniatoadoptstricterpollutionstandardsthanthefederalgovernment.Carmakershavechallengedthelaw,inpartonthegroundthatCO2wasnotanairpollutant.ThecarindustryquicklydeclaredthattheissueofglobalwarmingisbesthandledatthefederallevelbyCongress.

WhatistheCourt'sattitudetowardsthegovernment'sfunctioninthecontrolofgreenhousegases?

A.Itisthegovernment'sobligationtosetupstricterregulation.

B.Itisdisappointingforthepublicthatthegovernmentshiesawaythisproblem.

C.Thegovernmentistheonlyorganizationthatcancontrolgreenhousegases.

D.Thegovernmentisnotthechieforganizationauthorizedtocontrolgreenhousegases.

56.

Whatistrueaboutdimenovelsinnowadays?

A.Theyarestillstronglyattractivetothoselow-classworkers.

B.Thosehair-raiserscanstillthrillreadersastheydidbefore.

C.Neitherhistoriansnorthegreatmassesenjoyreadingthemforfun.

D.Theycouldn'tattractanyinterestinmodernsociety.

57.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Youmightaskwhyitisthatwomendecidedtogoafterjobsinevergreaternumbers.Youmightequallyaskwhynot.Theideaofthenuclearfamily,withthebreadwinnerfatheroutatworkandthehousekeeperandchild-mindermotherathome,isneitherasoldnorasobviousasitseems.Inpredominantlyagriculturalsocieties,bothfatherandmotherworkedontheland.Childrensawplentyofbothofthem,andwereexpectedtostarthelpingoutatatenderage.Withtheindustrialrevolution,formalworklargelymovedawayfromhome,butbothparentscommonlyhadjobstomakeendsmeet;thechildrenmanagedasbesttheycould.Ittakesafairlysophisticatedsocietywithacomfortablemiddleclass,andabelief