《會計英語》復習資料二、單項選擇（紅字為正確答案）：Financialreportsareusedbyalloftheabove1.Foraccountingpurposes,thebusinessentityshouldbeconsideredseparatefromitsownersiftheentityis（）alloftheaboveWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesaccountingisaninformationsystemthatprovidesreportstostakeholdersUsingaccrualaccounting,expensesarerecordedandreportedonlywhentheyareincurred,whetherornotcashispaid4.Themeasurementbasesexclude()Saleprice5.Debtsowedbyabusinessarereferredtoas（）liabilitiesWhichofthefollowingfinancialstatementsreportsinformationasofaspecificdatebalancesheetCashinvestmentsmadebytheownertothebusinessarereportedonthestatementofcashflowsinthefinancingactivitiessectionTheaccountingequationmaybeexpressedasd.Assets-Liabilities=Owner'sEquityWhichofthefollowinggroupsofaccountshaveanormalcreditbalancerevenues,liabilities,capitalWhichofthefollowinggroupsofaccountshaveanormaldebitbalanceassets,expensesWhichofthefollowingtypesofaccountshaveanormalcreditbalancerevenuesandliabilities12.Intheaccountingcycle,thelaststepis（）preparingapost-closingtrialbalanceWhichofthefollowingshouldnotbeconsideredcashbyanaccountantc.postagestamps14.Abankreconciliationshouldbepreparedperiodicallybecause（）anydifferencesbetweenthedepositor'srecordsandthebank'srecordsshouldbedetermined,andanyerrorsmadebyeitherpartyshouldbediscoveredandcorrected15.Theamountoftheoutstandingchecksisincludedonthebankreconciliationasa(n)（）deductionfromthebalanceperbankstatementTheassetcreatedbyabusinesswhenitmakesasaleonaccountistermedaccountsreceivableWhatisthetypeofaccountandnormalbalanceofAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsContraasset,credit18.Theterm"inventory"indicates（）bothAandBMerchandiseinventoryattheendoftheyearwasunderstated.Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlystatestheeffectoftheerrornetincomeisunderstatedinventoryattheendoftheyearisoverstated.Whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlystatestheeffectoftheerrorowner'sequityisoverstatedinventorymethodthatassignsthemostrecentcoststocostofgoodsoldisLIFOwhichmethodofcostflowsistheinventoryassumedtobecomposedofthemostrecentcostsfirst-in,first-out23.Whentheperpetualinventorysystemisused,theinventorysoldisdebitedto()costofmerchandisesold24．AllofthefollowingbelowareneededforthecalculationofdepreciationexceptbookvalueAcharacteristicofafixedassetisthatitisusedintheoperationsofabusinessisacontraassetaccount27.Thetwomethodsofaccountingforinvestmentsinstockarethecostmethodandthe（）equitymethod28.Acapitalexpenditureresultsinadebitto（）anassetaccount29.Currentliabilitiesare（）dueandpayablewithinoneyearThedebtcreatedbyabusinesswhenitmakesapurchaseonaccountisreferredtoasanaccountpayable31.Notesmaybeissued（）alloftheabovecostofaproductwarrantyshouldbeincludedasanexpenseintheperiodofthesaleoftheproductIfthemarketrateofinterestis8%,thepriceof6%bondspayinginterestsemiannuallywithafacevalueof$100,000willbeLessthan$100,00034.Theinterestratespecifiedinthebondindentureiscalledthe（）contractrateWhenthecorporationissuingthebondshastherighttorepurchasethebondspriortothematuritydateforaspecificprice,thebondsarecallablebondsWhenthemarketrateofinterestonbondsishigherthanthecontractrate,thebondswillsellatd.adiscountOnepotentialadvantageoffinancingcorporationsthroughtheuseofbondsratherthancommonstockistheinterestexpenseisdeductiblefortaxpurposesbythecorporation38.Characteristicsofacorporationinclude（）shareholderswhohavelimitedliability39.Stockholders'equity（）includesretainedearningsandpaid-incapital40.Theexcessofissuepriceoverparofcommonstockistermeda(n)（）premiumCashdividendsareusuallynotpaidonwhichofthefollowingtreasurystockWhichofthefollowingaccountsbelowisreportedinthepaid-incapital/stockholders'equitysectionofthecorporatebalancesheetd.PreferredStockIfpreferredstockhasdividendsinarrears,thepreferredstockmustbeconvertibleTheprimarypurposeofastocksplitistoreducethemarketpriceofthestockpershare45.Whichstatementbelowisnotareasonforacorporationtobuybackitsownstock.toincreasethesharesoutstandingTheliabilityforadividendisrecordedonwhichofthefollowingdatesthedateofdeclarationIncredittermsof2/10,n/30,the"2"representsthepercentofthecashdiscount48.Revenueshouldberecognizedwhen（）theserviceisperformedTheabilityofabusinesstopayitsdebtsastheycomedueandtoearnareasonableamountofincomeisreferredtoas（）b.solvencyandprofitability50.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthecomputationofthequickratioinventory四、問答題：3．Differentiatebetweenfinancialaccountingandmanagerialaccounting.財務會計與管理睬計的差別。Financialaccountingisprimarilyconcernedwiththerecordingandreportingofeconomicdataandactivitiesforabusiness.Managementaccountingusesbothfinancialaccountingandestimateddatatoaidmanagementinrunningday-to-dayoperationsandinplanningfutureoperations..4．Theobjectiveoffinancialreporting

財務報告的目標。參照答案：Overallobjective（整體目標）offinancialreportingistoprovidefinancialinformationusefultoexternalusersinmakingeconomicdecisions.(a)provideinformationaboutthefinancialposition,performanceandchangesinfinancialpositionofanentitythatisusefultoawiderangeofusersinmakingeconomicdecisions；（向使用者供給有關公司財務狀況、經(jīng)營成就和財務狀況改動狀況的信息，以利于其作出經(jīng)濟決議。）showtheresultsofthestewardshipofmanagement,ortheaccountabilityofmanagementfortheresourcesentrustedtoit.（反應管應當局受托責任的執(zhí)行結(jié)果，或管應當局受托管理資源的責任。）5．Whataretherecognitionandmeasurementprinciples財務報表因素確實認與計量原則。參照答案：(1)Recognitionistheprocessofincorporatinginthebalancesheetorincomestatementanitemthatmeetthedefinitionofanelementandsatisfiestherecognitioncriteria.RecognitionCriteria確認標準：a.TheProbabilityofFutureEconomicBenefit將來經(jīng)濟利益流入的可能性MeasurementReliably計量的靠譜性Measurementistheprocessofdeterminingthemonetaryamountsatwhichtheelementsoffinancialstatementsaretoberecognizedandcarriedinthebalancesheetorincomestatement.MeasurementBases計量基礎：Historicalcost.歷史成本Currentcost現(xiàn)行成本Realizable(settlement)value可實現(xiàn)（清理）價值Presentvalue現(xiàn)值8．

Differentiatebetween

theaccrualbasisandthecashbasis.應計制與現(xiàn)金制的差別。參照答案：Undertheaccrualbasisfortheaccountingperiodconcept,revenuesarereportedintheincomestatementintheperiodinwhichtheyareearned.Underthecashbasisfortheaccountingperiodconcept,revenuesandexpensesarereportedintheincomestatementintheperiodinwhichcashisreceivedorpaid.9．Whatisthedouble-entrysystem簡述復式記賬法的含義參照答案：Asystemofrecordingtransactionsinawaythatmaintainstheequalityoftheaccountingequation.Thefundamentalruleofdouble-entrybookkeepingisthatdebitsmustequalcredits.Foreverytransaction,theremustbeatleastonedebitandonecredit.Debitsmustalwaysequalcreditsforeachtransaction.Debitsarealwaysenteredontheleftsideofanaccountandcreditsarealwaysenteredontherightside.10．Whatarethemajortypesofadjustingentries調(diào)整分錄的種類參照答案：Adjustingentriescanbeclassifiedaseither：PrepaymentsorAccrualsPrepaymentsfallintotwocategories:a.Prepaidexpenseb.DeferredRevenue(UnearnedRevenue)Accrualsfallintotwocategoriesa.Accruedexpensesb.Accruedrevenues★查核知識點:調(diào)整分錄P72附參照課件第4章Companiesareonacalendarorfiscalyearandbusinesstransactionscancutacrosstwoyears.Therefore,adjustingentriesareneededtoensurethattherevenuerecognitionandmatchingprinciplesarefollowed.Adjustingentriescanbeclassifiedaseither：PrepaymentsorAccruals(1)Prepaymentsfallintotwocategories:a.Prepaidexpenses:expenseshavebeenpaidincashandarerecordedasassetsuntiltheyareusedorconsumed.b.DeferredRevenue(UnearnedRevenue)：Revenuesreceivedincashandrecordedasliabilitiesbeforetheyareearned.(2)Accrualsfallintotwocategoriesa.Accruedexpensesareexpensesthathavebeenincurredbutnotyetpaidincashandthereisnooriginalentry.b.Accruedrevenuesarerevenuesthathavebeenearnedbutnotyetreceivedincash.Describethebasicstepsoftheaccountingcycle.簡述會計循環(huán)的步驟。參照答案：Theaccountingcycle(oraccountingprocess)includesstandardizedproceduresthatareperformedinsequenceduringeveryperiod.(會計循環(huán)，或稱為會計程序，是在每個會計時期依據(jù)必定次序辦理業(yè)務的一套規(guī)范化的程序）Itiscalledcyclebecausethestepsrepeatedeachaccountingperiod.Transactionsareanalyzedandrecordedinthejournal.Transactionsarepostedtotheledger.Atrialbalanceisprepared,adjustmentdataareassembled,andanoptionalworksheetiscompleted.Financialstatementsareprepared.Adjustingentriesarejournalizedandposted.Closingentriesarejournalizedandposted.Apost-closingtrialbalanceisprepared.12．Whataretheadvantagesoftheallowancemethodforuncollectibleaccounts應收賬款壞賬備抵法的長處?！锊楹酥R點:應收賬款壞賬辦理P212-217附參照課件第5章Managementmakesanestimateeachyearoftheportionofaccountsreceivablethatmaynotbecollectible.UncollectibleAccountsExpense(BadDebts)isdebitedandAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsiscredited.ActualaccountsthatprovetobeuncollectiblearedebitedtoAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsandcreditedtoAccountsReceivable.Thismethodisconsistentwiththematchingprinciple.Theaccountsreceivablestateatnetrealizablevalueatendoftheaccountingperiod.13．Describethecharacteristicsoftheperiodicinventorysystemandtheperpetualinventorysystem.存貨的兩種盤存制度的特色。參照答案：Acompanyusingaperpetualsystemmaintainsacontinuousrecordofthephysicalquantitiesinitsinventory.Acompanyusingaperiodicsystemdoesnotmaintainsacontinuousrecordofthephysicalquantitiesonhand.Inaperiodicinventorysystem,whenanitemissold,theonlyjournalentryrecordedistoreflectthesaleofthemerchandiseCostofgoodssoldisrecordedonlyaftertheendinginventoryhasbeencountedandvaluedattheendoftheperiod.Withaperpetualinventorysystem,continuallyupdatedrecordsaremaintainedforinventoryitems.Suchtrackingisreadilyenabledthroughadvancesintechnology.Asaresult,twojournalentriesaremadewhenasaleoccurs.14．Whatarethefinancialstatementseffectsofinventorymethods存貨計價方法對報表有何影響（以先進先出法、后進先出法和均勻成本法為例）IncomeStatementEffects：Inperiodsofincreasingprices,FIFOreportsthehighestnetincome,LIFOthelowestnetincome,andaveragecostfallsinthemiddle.Inperiodsofdecreasingprices,theconverseistrue:FIFOwillreportthelowestnetincome,LIFOthehighest,withaveragecostinthemiddle.BalanceSheetEffects：Inaperiodofinflation,thecostsallocatedtoendinginventoryusingFIFOwillapproximatecurrentcosts.Thus,themarkettobookvalueoftheinventoryshouldapproximate.Conversely,duringaperiodofincreasingprices,thecostsallocatedtotheendinginventoryusingLIFOwillbesignificantlyunderstated.Thus,themarkettobookratiowillbegreaterthan.15．Whataretheclassificationsandobjectivesofinvestmentinsecurities簡述證券投資的種類和目的。參照答案：ClassificationsofInvestments:Tradingsecurities；Held-to-maturitydebtsecurities；Available-for-salesecuritiesObjectivesofInvestmentinSecurities：1）Temporaryinvestmentofsurpluscash2）Investmentsolelyforareturn3）Investmentforinfluence4）Purchaseforcontrol★查核知識點:存貨計價方法P237-244附參照課件第6章Marketablesecurities–Stocks,bondsandotherfinancialinstrumentsthatorganizationsholdinlieuofcash.Thesearealsoreferredtointhefinancialstatementsasshort-terminvestmentsTwoTypesofMarketablesecurities:Debtsecurities-Thesearebondsissuedbycorporationsorgovernmentthathavematurityvalue,interestrateandmaturitydate.Equitysecurities–Theseareanysecurities,suchascommonsharesthatrepresentownershipinacompany.ClassificationsofInvestmentsinEquityandDebtSecurities：Tradingsecurities:Investmentsatfairvaluethroughprofitorloss;heldfortrading,ordesignatedtobethroughprofitorloss’Held-to-maturitydebtsecurities:financialassetswithfixedordeterminablepayments;fixedmaturity;positiveintentandabilitytoholdtomaturityAvailable-for-salesecurities:remainingfinancialassets;donotfallintoanyofthetwocategoriesaboveObjectivesofInvestmentinSecuritiesTemporaryinvestmentofsurpluscashInvestmentsolelyforareturnInvestmentforinfluencePurchaseforcontrol16.Describethereasonsforholdingmarketablesecurities.簡述公司進行短期有價證券投資的原由★查核知識點:短期投資P361附參照課件第6章Therearemanyreasonswhyacompanymaywanttobuydebtorequitysecuritiesfromanothercompany.Forexample,CompanyAmaypurchasethedebtofCompanyBbecause?CompanyB’sdebtispayingagoodinterestrate.?ThedebtmayhaveamaturitydatethatmatchesCompanyA’sneedforcash.?Thedebtmaybesellingforlessthanfacevalue,andCompanyAthinksthatitcansellthedebtlateratagain.Investmentsindebtandequitysecuritiescanbeclassifiedonthestatementoffinancialpositionaseithercurrentornon-currentassets.Onereasonforholdingshortterminvestmentsrelatestothecontrolofcash.Theamountofcashheldbyanentityshouldbecarefullyregulatedsothatthereisneithertoomuchnortoolittleavailableatanytime.Ifthereistoolittlecashonhand,thefirmwillnotbeabletomeetdailyorperiodiccashrequirements;ifthereistoomuchcashonhand,aportionoftheentity’sassetsareunproductive.Therefore,managementwilltrytokeepjustenoughcashonhandatanyonetimetomeetdailyrequirements,plusacushionforemergencies.Cashinexcessofthedailyminimumshouldbeinvestedinincome-producingopportunities,suchasthedebtandequitysecuritiesofothercompanies.17.Describethecharacteristicsofproperty,plantandequipment.簡述固定財產(chǎn)的特色。Property,plant,andequipmentisdefinedastangibleassetsthatareheldforuseinproductionorsupplyofgoodsandservices,forrentalstoothers,orforadministrativepurposes;theyareexpectedtobeusedduringmorethanoneperiod.Includes:Land,Buildingstructures(offices,factories,warehouses),andEquipment(machinery,furniture,tools).Thecharacteristics：(1)“Usedinoperations”andnotforresale.Long-terminnatureandusuallydepreciated.Possessphysicalsubstance.18.Describethebenefitsofaccelerateddepreciationmethods.什么是加快折舊法其長處有哪些參照答案：Acceleratedmethodsofdepreciationresultinmoredepreciationintheearlyyearsofanasset'slifeandlessdepreciationinthelateryearsofanasset'slifethandoesthestraight-lineapproach.Thebenefitsofaccelerateddepreciationmethodsare:Decreasingdepreciationchargesarematchedagainstincreasingrepairandmaintenancecharges.Higherdepreciationchargesdrivenetincomedowninearlyyearsofanasset’lifes.Asaresult,accelerateddepreciationmethodsarefavoredfortaxpurposes.Describethecharacteristicsofintangibleassets.什么是無形財產(chǎn)其特色有哪些參照答案：Anintangibleassetsisanidentifiablenon-monetaryassetwithoutphysicalsubstance.無形財產(chǎn)是指沒有實物形態(tài)的、可辨識的非錢幣性財產(chǎn)。Examplesofintangibleassetsincludegoodwill,patents,copyrights,franchises,trademarksandtradenames

比如：商譽、專利權(quán)、版權(quán)、特許權(quán)、商標、商號等Thecharacteristics：ahigherdegreeofuncertaintyregardingthefuturebenefitsvaluesubjecttowiderfluctuations價值顛簸性大

將來利潤的高度不確立性havingvalueonlytoaparticularcompany其價值只與某一特定公司有關‘non-monetary’feature非錢幣性質(zhì)以下答案也能夠：Intangibleassetsarerights,privileges,andcompetitiveadvantagesthatresultfromownershipoflong-livedassetsthatdonotpossessphysicalsubstance.Examplesofintangibleassetsincludegoodwill,patents,copyrights,franchises,trademarksandtradenamesTheMainCharacteristics:Identifiable.可辨識性Lackphysicalexistence.缺少實物形態(tài)Notmonetaryassets.非錢幣性財產(chǎn)Normallyclassifiedasnon-currentasset.20.Describethereasonsforissuanceoflong-termliabilities.舉借長久債務的原由（與刊行股票對比）。參照答案：ReasonsforIssuanceofLong-TermLiabilities：Debtfinancingmaybetheonlyavailablesourceoffunds.Debtfinancingmayhavealowercost.Debtfinancingoffersanincometaxadvantage.Thevotingprivilegeisnotshared.Debtfinancingofferstheopportunityforleverage.22．Describetherightsofcommonshareholders.（簡述一般股股東的權(quán)益）Thetwoprimaryclassesofpaid-incapitalarecommonstock（：CommonShareholdersrighttovoteonkeycorporatematterspreemptiverighttopurchaseenoughsharestoretaintheirproportionalownershipinterestrighttoshareproportionatelyinanydividendshaveresidualinterestinassetsinliquidationPreferredShareholdersstipulateddividendrate;stipulatedliquidationvalueparticipationinearnings;cumulativefeature23．Describethethreeconditionsthatcorporationsdeclareandpaycashdividendsonsharesoutstanding.現(xiàn)金股利的發(fā)放條件。參照答案：Corporationsgenerallydeclareandpaycashdividendsonsharesoutstandingwhenthreeconditionsexist:SufficientretainedearningsSufficientcashFormalactionbytheboardofdirectors24．Describethereasonsexistforacompanytoissueastockdividend.公司發(fā)放股票股利的原由。參照答案：Numerousreasonsexistforacompanytoissueastockdividend:toshowthatthefirmplanstopermanentlyretainaportionofearningsinthebusinesstoincreasethenumberofsharesoutstanding,whichreducesthemarketpricepershareandwhich,inturn,tendstoincreasetradingofsharesinthemarket.(alargestockdividends)tocontinuedividenddistributionswithoutdisbursingassets(usuallycash)thatmaybeneededforoperationsstockdividendsdonotsubjecttheshareholderstoincometaxshareholdersmayactuallyprefertoreceivestockdividendsbecausetheycanselltheseadditionalsharesonlyiftheychoosetodoso25．Differentiatebetweenthestockdividendsandstocksplits.股票股利與股票切割的差別。參照答案：StockDividends：ParvalueofasharedoesnotchangeTotalnumberofsharesincreasesTotalstockholders’equitydoesnotchangeThecompositionofequitychanges(lessofretainedearnings;moreofstock)StockdividendsrequirejournalentriesStockSplits：ParvalueofasharedecreasesTotalnumberofsharesincreasesTotalstockholders’equitydoesnotchangeThecompositionofequitydoesnotchange(sameamountsofstockandRE)Stocksplitsdonotrequirejournalentries26．Describethereasonsthatacompanymayretireshares.簡述公司獲得庫藏股的原由。TreasuryStock:Afirmmayalsobuyitsownsharesandholdthemforeventualresale.SuchsharesmaynotvoteatshareholdermeetingsorreceivedividendsWhyDoesACorporationReacquireItsOwnStockReissuesharestoofficersandemployeesunderbonusandstockcompensationplans.

因獎金和股票期權(quán)計劃，

再刊行股票給高管喝雇員Increasetradingofcompany'sstockin

securitiesmarketinhopesofenhancingmarketvalue.

增添本公司股票在證券市場的交易量，以希望提升市場價值Haveadditionalsharesavailableforuseinacquisitionofothercompanies.Reducenumberofsharesoutstanding,therebyincreasingearningspershare.Preventahostiletakeover.防備歹意并購

為獲得其余公司準備股票減少刊行在外股數(shù)，以提升每股利潤28．

Describethematchingmethodsbetweentheexpensesandrevenue.花費與收入配比的三種方法。參照答案：Thematchingprincipleisbrokendownintothreepervasivemeasurementprinciples:

花費確實認方法（即與收入配比的方法）(1)associatingcauseandeffect（因果關系）:costsarerelativelyeasytoidentifywiththerelatedmaterialsanddirectlaborconsumedinthemanufacturingprocess(2)systematicandrationalallocation（系統(tǒng)合理的分派）:costsaremorecloselyassociatedwith

revenues,suchasspecificaccountingperiods,suchascostsofbuildingsandequipment(3)immediaterecognition（立刻確認）:Allothercostsaregenerallyexpensedintheperiodinwhichtheyareincurred,suchasofficesalaries,utilities,advertisingexpenses,etc.29.Describethepurposesoffinancialstatementanalysis.簡述財務報表剖析的目的。參照答案：Financialstatementanalysishastwopurposes:tousethepastperformanceofanentitytopredictitsfutureprofitabilityandcashflows.toevaluatetheperformanceofanentitywithaneyetowardidentifyingproblemareas.30.WhatisthepurposeofastatementofcashflowsHowdoesitdifferfromabalancesheetandanincomestatement說明現(xiàn)金流量表的作用，這與利潤表和財產(chǎn)欠債表的作用有何不一樣參照答案：UsefulnessoftheIncomeStatement：Evaluatepastperformance.評論過去業(yè)績Predictingfutureperformance.展望將來業(yè)績Helpassesstheriskoruncertaintyofachievingfuturecashflows.有助于評論達到將來現(xiàn)金流量的風險與不確立性Usefulnessofthebalancesheet：Evaluatingthecapitalstructure.Assessriskandfuturecashflows.Analyzethecompany’s:Liquidity,solvency,andsinancialflexibility.PurposeoftheStatementofCashFlows：Toproviderelevantinformationaboutthecashreceiptsandcashpaymentsofanenterpriseduringaperiod.Thestatementprovidesanswerstothefollowingquestions:WheredidthecashcomefromWhatwasthecashusedforWhatwasthechangeinthecashbalanceImportanceofthestatementofcashflow：Itisusefultomanagersinevaluatingpastoperationsandinplanningfutureinvestingandfinancingactivities.Itisusefultoinvestors,creditors,andothersinassessingafirm’sprofitpotential.Itisabasisforassessingthefirm’sabilitytopayitsmaturingdebt.31.Whatarethehorizontalanalysis,verticalAnalysisandratioanalysis什么是橫向剖析、縱向剖析、比率剖析(1)Horizontalanalysis(ortrendanalysis):Usesdatafromprioryearsasayardstick.Theoldestyearisusedasabase,linebyline,andsubsequentyearsareexpressedasapercentageofthebase.Twosteps:selectabaseyearandassigneachitemonthebaseyearstatementaweightof100%;expresseachitemfromthestatementsfortheotheryearsasapercentageofitsbaseyearamountVerticalAnalysis:Apercentageanalysiscanbeusedtoshowtherelationshipofeachcomponenttoatotalwithinasinglestatement.Thetotal,or100%item,onthebalancesheetis“totalassets.”Netsalesis%ontheincomestatement.Verticalanalysiswithbothdollarandpercentageamountsisalsousefulincomparingonecompanywithanotherorwithindustryaverages.Suchcomparisonsareeasiertomakewiththeuseofcommon-sizestatementsinwhichallitemsareexpressedinpercentages.(3)Ratioanalysis:Amathematicalrelationshipbetweentwoamountsfromthefinancialstatements.Theamountsmightconsistofasingleaccountoranumberofdifferentaccounts,fromanyofthefinancialstatements—thebalancesheet,theincomestatement,orthestatementofcashflow.Solvencyistheabilityofabusinesstomeetitsfinancialobligations(debts)astheyaredue.Solvencyanalysisfocusesontheabilityofabusinesstopayorotherwisesatisfyitscurrentandnoncurrentliabilities.Thisabilityisnormallyassessedbyexaminingbalancesheetrelationships.Profitabilityistheabilityofanentitytoearnprofits.Thisabilitytoearnprofitsdependsontheeffectivenessandefficiencyofoperationsaswellasresourcesavailable.Profitabilityanalysisfocusesprimarilyontherelationshipbetweenoperatingresultsreportedintheincomestatementandresourcesreportedinthebalancesheet.五、業(yè)務題1.RecordthefollowingselectedtransactionsforMarchinatwo-columnjournal,identifyingeachentrybyletter:Received$10,000fromShirleyKnowles,owner.(b)Purchasedequipmentfor$35,000,paying$10,000incashandgivinganotepayablefortheremainder.Paid$1,000forrentforMarch.Purchased$8,500ofsuppliesonaccount.Recorded$2,500offeesearnedonaccount.Received$11,000incashforfeesearned.Paid$200tocreditorsonaccount.Paidwagesof$1,250.Received$1,150fromcustomersonaccount.Recordedowner'swithdrawalof$1,850.ANS:(a)Cash10,000ShirleyKnowles,Capital10,000(b)Equipment35,000Cash10,000NotesPayable25,000(c)RentExpense1,000Cash1,000(d)Supplies8,500AccountsPayable8,500(e)AccountsReceivable2,500FeesEarned2,500(f)Cash11,000FeesEarned11,000(g)AccountsPayable200Cash200(h)WagesExpense1,250Cash1,250(i)Cash1,150AccountsReceivable1,150(j)ShirleyKnowles,Drawing1,850Cash1,8502．JournalizethesixentriesthatadjusttheaccountsatDecember31.Oneoftheaccountswasaffectedbytwodifferentadjustingentries.UnadjustedAdjustedTrialBalanceTrialBalanceCash3,0003,000AccountsReceivable30,00030,500Supplies1,700100PrepaidInsurance2,000400Equipment9,0009,000AccumulatedDepreciation1,500WagesPayable4,000UnearnedFees6,0001,500AnnCole,Capital20,00020,000FeesEarned62,00067,000WagesExpense42,30046,300SuppliesExpense1,600InsuranceExpense1,600DepreciationExpense1,500Total88,00088,00094,00094,000========================ANS:AccountsReceivable500FeesEarned500SuppliesExpense1,600Supplies1,600InsuranceExpense1,600PrepaidInsurance1,600DepreciationExpense1,500AccumulatedDepreciation1,500UnearnedFees4,500FeesEarned4,500WagesExpense4,000WagesPayable4,000Foreachofthefollowing,journalizethenecessaryadjustingentry:Abusinesspaysweeklysalariesof$15,000onFridayforafive-dayweekendingonthatday.Journalizethenecessaryadjustingentryattheendofthefiscalperiod,assumingthatthefiscalperiodends(1)onWednesday,(2)onThursday.Thebalanceintheprepaidinsuranceaccountbeforeadjustmentattheendoftheyearis$14,000.Journalizetheadjustingentryrequiredundereachofthefollowingalternatives:(1)theamountofinsuranceexpiredduringtheyearis$4,500,(2)theamountofunexpiredinsuranceapplicabletoafutureperiodis$1,500.OnJuly1ofthecurrentyear,abusinesspays$36,000tothecityforlicensetaxesforthecomingfiscalyear.Thesamebusinessisalsorequiredtopayanannualpropertytaxattheendoftheyear.Theestimatedamountofthecurrentyear'spropertytaxallocabletoJulyis$3,200.(1)JournalizethetwoadjustingentriesrequiredtobringtheaccountsaffectedbythetaxesuptodateasofJuly31.(2)WhatistheamountoftaxexpenseforJulyTheestimateddepreciationonequipmentfortheyearis$24,000.ANS:(a)(1)SalaryExpense9,000SalariesPayable9,000(2)SalaryExpense12,000SalariesPayable12,000(b)(1)InsuranceExpense4,500PrepaidInsurance4,500(2)InsuranceExpense12,500PrepaidInsurance12,500(c)(1)TaxesExpense3,000PrepaidLicenseTaxes3,000TaxesExpense3,200PropertyTaxesPayable3,200(2)$6,200($3,000+$3,200)(d)DepreciationExpense24,000AccumulatedDepreciation-Equipment24,000OnthebasisofthefollowingdatatakenfromtheAdjustedTrialBalancecolumnsoftheworksheetfortheyearendedOctober31forShoreCo.,journalizethefourclosingentries.Cash$21,500AccountsReceivable45,200Supplies5,000Equipment169,900AccumulatedDepreciation$69,000AccountsPayable42,500StanShore,Capital152,600StanShore,Drawing30,000FeesEarned404,500SalaryExpense300,500RentExpense60,000DepreciationExpense25,000SuppliesExpense9,500MiscellaneousExpense2,000$668,600$668,600================ANS:Oct.31FeesEarned404,500IncomeSummary404,50031IncomeSummary397,000SalaryExpense300,500RentExpense60,000DepreciationExpense25,000SuppliesExpense9,500MiscellaneousExpense2,00031IncomeSummary7,500StanShore,Capital7,50031StanShore,Capital30,000StanShore,Drawing30,0005.ThebankstatementforAllenCo.indicatesabalanceof$8,onJune30,2005.AfterthejournalsforJunehadbeenposted,thecashaccounthadabalanceof$3,.Prepareabankreconciliationonthebasisofthefollowingreconcilingitems:Cashsalesof$342hadbeenerroneouslyrecordedinthecashreceiptsjournalas$324.Depositsintransitnotrecordedbybank,$.Bankdebitmemorandumforservicecharges,$.Bankcreditmemorandumfornotecollectedbybank,$2850,including$50interest.Bankdebitmemorandumfor$NSF(notsufficientfunds)checkfromAliceBell,acustomer.Checksoutstanding,$2,.ANS:AllenCo.BankReconciliationJune30,2005Cashbalanceaccordingtobankstatement$8,Adddepositsintransitnotrecordedbybank$8,Deductoutstandingchecks2,Adjustedbalance$6,=========Cashbalanceaccordingtodepositor'srecords$3,Add:Notecollectedbybank,including$50interest$2,Errorinrecordingcashsalesof$342as$3242,$6,Deduct:NSFcheckfromAliceBell$BankservicechargesAdjustedbalance$6,=========6.Usingthefollowinginformation,prepareabankreconciliationforColeCo.forMay31ofthecurrentyear:Thebankstatementbalanceis$3,012.Thecashaccountbalanceis$3,165.Outstandingchecksamountedto$590.Depositsintransitare$704.Thebankservicechargeis$30.Acheckfor$76forsupplieswasrecordedas$67intheledger.ANS:ColeCo.BankReconciliationMay31,2005Cashbalanceaccordingtobankstatement$3,012Adddepositsintransitnotrecordedbybank704$3,716Deductoutstandingchecks590Adjustedbalance$3,126======Cashbalanceaccordingtodepositor'srecords$3,165Deduct:Bankservicecharge$30Errorinrecording939Adjustedbalance$3,1267.ForabusinessthatmakesadvanceprovisionforuncollectiblereceivablesJournalizetheentriestorecordthefollowing:RecordtheadjustingentryatDecember31,theendofthefiscalyear,toprovidefordoubtfulaccounts.Theaccountsreceivableaccounthasabalanceof$800,000,andthecontraassetaccountbeforeadjustmenthasadebitbalanceof$600.Analysisofthereceivablesindicatesdoubtfulaccountsof$20,000.InMarchofthefollowingfiscalyear,the$550owedbyFlakeCo.onaccountiswrittenoffasuncollectible.Eightmonthslater,$200oftheFlakeCo.accountisreinstatedandpaymentofthatamountisreceived.InOctober,$400isreceivedonthe$600owedbyDoeCo.andtheremainderiswrittenoffasuncollectible.Basedonthedatain(a)(1)above,whatisthenetrealizablevalueoftheaccountsreceivableasreportedonthebalancesheetasofDecember31Assumingthatthebusinesshadbeenfollowingthedirectwrite-offprocedureinaccountingforuncollectiblereceivables,journalizetheentriestorecordthefollowing:R