XX大學(xué)外語系經(jīng)貿(mào)英語專業(yè)(本科)2004級英語一班課題名稱：AnAnalysisofJaneEyre’sCharacter畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計)起止時間：2008年3月24日～5月15日(共8周)學(xué)生姓名：學(xué)號：指導(dǎo)教師：XX報告日期：2008年4月5日1．本課題所涉及的問題在國內(nèi)(外)的研究現(xiàn)狀綜述十九世紀(jì)中期，英國偉大的女性存在主義先驅(qū)，即著名作家夏洛蒂勃朗特創(chuàng)作出了她的代表作--<<簡愛>>，以對一位“灰姑娘”式人物的奮斗史的刻畫而取勝，在當(dāng)時轟動了整個文壇，在這部作品問世之后的一個半世紀(jì)的今天，它仍然擁有廣大的讀者，而根據(jù)小說改編的電影則榮獲奧斯卡金像獎。一直以來，作家,評論家對它的熱情不減。該書出版當(dāng)時已經(jīng)馳名文壇的薩克雷在寫給出版這本書的出版公司的編輯的信上說：“《簡·愛》使我非常感動、非常喜愛。請代我向作者致意和道謝，她的小說是我能花好多天來讀的第一本英國小說?！薄段髅羲略u論》評價本書說：“肯定是這一季度的最佳小說……值得仔仔細(xì)細(xì)地讀第二遍?！薄逗啇邸愤€被評論家譽(yù)為“比50部特羅洛普、50部狄更斯和其他人的小說加在一起還更有價值的”，也是一本女人必讀書。馬克思也曾將《簡·愛》作者與狄更斯、薩克雷列在一起給予高度評價，稱他們“向世界揭示了政治的和社會的真理”。在卓新平著的《世界宗教與宗教學(xué)》中《簡·愛》亦被稱為是“在19世紀(jì)文學(xué)作品中與基督教《圣經(jīng)》有密切關(guān)系的典范?！笨突谠u論文學(xué)名著《簡·愛》時說：“財大氣粗、性情怪癖的莊園主羅切斯特怎么會愛上出身寒微、地位低下而又其貌不揚(yáng)的家庭教師簡·愛了呢？因?yàn)楹啞圩孕抛宰?，富有人格的魅力。簡·愛這個藝術(shù)形象之所以能夠震撼和感染一代又一代各國讀者的心靈，正是主人公以自信和自尊為人生的支柱，以善良和勇敢為基點(diǎn)，才使得自己的人格魅力得以充分展現(xiàn)?！钡瑫r也有些評論文章攻擊《簡·愛》這部作品，例如《每季評論》就說它“趣味低劣”，還指出“正是在滋養(yǎng)了憲章運(yùn)動的那種思想情緒的推動下才寫出了《簡·愛》這樣的書”?，F(xiàn)在，研究者從各個方面分析簡愛性格中的反叛面以及其形成原因，人們從簡愛身上看到了當(dāng)今新女性的形象，自尊，自重，自立和自強(qiáng)。而作品中所倡導(dǎo)的女性追求自主自強(qiáng)的精神在當(dāng)今社會仍然具有深刻的影響，此外，研究者還把簡愛同世界文學(xué)中的其他女性形象，例如苔絲，嘉麗，安娜卡列尼娜進(jìn)行比較。目前，研究者的研究方向主要包括：1.簡愛的性格特征及具體表現(xiàn)：1）不甘受辱，為獲得平等和自由而抗?fàn)?）為自己的生存權(quán)利和人格的獨(dú)立而奮斗3）挑戰(zhàn)不公平的社會，藐視偽善，邪惡的上流社會

4）渴求興趣相同的愛情，執(zhí)著追求平等和幸福的生活2.簡愛的形象表達(dá)了豐富的婦女解放思想。研究者從三個方面來分析這一點(diǎn)，主要內(nèi)容包括：1）先進(jìn)的婚姻觀.作者通過簡愛對待婚姻的態(tài)度表達(dá)了婚姻應(yīng)該建立在愛情的基礎(chǔ)上，而是建立在地位和財產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上這一點(diǎn)2）獨(dú)立的思想.簡愛具有強(qiáng)烈的獨(dú)立意識，她始終要求靠自己工作而自食其力3）對簡愛外貌的反傳統(tǒng)描寫，通過這一描寫，作家強(qiáng)調(diào)女人的內(nèi)在美勝過外在美，夏洛蒂的這種女人美丑觀至今對于女性認(rèn)識自身的價值仍然具有教育意義。3.簡愛與羅切斯特之間的愛情：簡愛與羅切斯特的戀愛經(jīng)歷，是全書的主要情節(jié)之一，研究者認(rèn)為通過這個情節(jié)，作者深化了簡愛的性格特征，突出了她在追求個人幸福中所表現(xiàn)出異乎尋常的純真，樸實(shí)的思想感情，簡鐘情于羅切斯特是因?yàn)楹喺J(rèn)為他一點(diǎn)也不高傲，能夠平等待人，有生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再次看到他有改正錯誤的愿望和決心，凡此種種，都清楚的反映一個來自社會下層的覺醒中的新女性，在反抗社會壓迫和偏見的同時，是如何為爭取經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立，道德上的純潔而努力的。4.簡愛所表現(xiàn)的社會內(nèi)容：研究者認(rèn)為《簡愛》對英國資產(chǎn)階級社會所進(jìn)行的揭露和批判，是相當(dāng)廣泛深刻的。小說還從愛情，婚姻，家庭的角度揭露了資產(chǎn)階級社會的有力批判，而對于當(dāng)時英國教育制度的弊端進(jìn)行了深刻的批判則主要集中在對勞倫渥德寄宿學(xué)校的描寫上。2．本人對課題任務(wù)書提出的任務(wù)要求及實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)的可行性分析課題任務(wù):仔細(xì)研讀小說《簡愛》,理清小說的歷史環(huán)境與社會背景,熟悉該小說女主人公簡愛的成長與奮斗歷程,把握住簡愛的主要性格特征，并圍繞著簡愛人生中的幾個重要轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，突出描寫它們對簡愛性格造成的影響，進(jìn)而闡述出簡愛的性格特征，如自尊，自主，善良,勇敢,叛逆，反抗，追求精神上的自由與平等，追求真正意義上完整的愛情,等等?？尚行苑治觯豪脠D書館、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等工具，閱讀各類相關(guān)專著和期刊雜志，搜集到國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界的資料，通過所查閱到的文獻(xiàn)信息以及自己對小說的理解，剖析出故事女主人公簡愛的主要性格，再通過總結(jié)和分析，擬定論文大綱。合理調(diào)整論文內(nèi)容的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，并采用舉例等論證方法來分別闡述簡愛的幾大主要性格特征，進(jìn)而將論文詳盡化，條理化。由此擬定初稿。進(jìn)而翻閱大量詳細(xì)資料，并在指導(dǎo)老師的評閱與改正下，完善論文，形成定稿。3．本課題需要重點(diǎn)研究的、關(guān)鍵的問題及解決的思路本課題重點(diǎn)研究的問題：1..簡愛的反叛性格和其形成原因2.簡愛的主要性格特點(diǎn)3簡愛的藝術(shù)形象與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義解決思路:熟讀并精讀小說《簡愛》,結(jié)合小說創(chuàng)作背后的歷史環(huán)境與社會背景,并通過翻閱大量的文獻(xiàn)資料,厘清簡愛人生中的幾大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),并從中了解到簡愛的反叛性格形成的原因,進(jìn)而形成對簡愛的幾大主要性格取向的理解,用舉例論述詳盡其性格特點(diǎn),又能通過舉例不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)并領(lǐng)悟到其新的人格魅力,譬如對愛情的執(zhí)著以及追求完整意義上的愛情等等,分析總結(jié)出她的形象特征,進(jìn)而結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí),體會她對現(xiàn)代女性造成的影響。4．完成本課題所必須的工作條件(如工具書、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備或?qū)嶒?yàn)環(huán)境條件、某類市場調(diào)研、計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計條件等等)及解決的辦法所需工作條件：中國文學(xué)期刊雜志；圖書館書籍；網(wǎng)絡(luò)等解決辦法：利用圖書館、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等工具，閱讀各類相關(guān)專著和期刊雜志，搜集到國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界的資料，通過所查閱到的文獻(xiàn)信息以及自己對小說的理解，剖析出故事女主人公簡愛的主要形象特征以及該形象的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。5．完成本課題的工作方案及進(jìn)度計劃2008.3.1-2008.3.5確定論文命題。2008.3.6-2008.3.20利用圖書館及數(shù)據(jù)庫收集各種文獻(xiàn)資料。2008.3.21-2008.4.5完成資料收集、文獻(xiàn)綜述和開題報告的寫作，完成畢業(yè)論文三級提綱。2008.4.6-2008.4.15調(diào)整論文內(nèi)容的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，進(jìn)行初步研究和初稿寫作。2008.4.16-2008.4.21通過指導(dǎo)老師的修改，完善初稿形成二稿。2008.4.22-2008.5.11繼續(xù)根據(jù)指導(dǎo)老師的意見以及新的資料完善二稿，形成三稿。2008.5.12-2008.5.21完成文獻(xiàn)綜述等其他與論文有關(guān)的材料撰寫要求，論文的打印裝訂，準(zhǔn)備答辯6．指導(dǎo)教師審閱意見指導(dǎo)教師(簽字)：年月日7．指導(dǎo)小組意見指導(dǎo)小組組長(簽字)：院(系)(簽章)年月日課題名稱：AnAnalysisofJaneEyre’sCharacterContentsAbstract.......................................................................................................iI.Introduction.............................................................................................1II.TheAnalysisofJaneEyre'sCharacter...................................................52.1JaneEyreWasaKind-heartedGirlWhoWasFullofGoodnessandForgivenessintheCocklesofHerHeart…...............................52.2BravenessandAdamancyAlsoBelongedtoJane'sVirtues,andBecauseofThoseMerits,JaneWasTraitorousandSheDaredtoRebelagainstAlltheUnfairSufferings..........................................72.3JaneWasCourageousinVindicatingIndependentPersonalityandSelf-esteem,PursuingSpiritualFreedomandHumanEquality.........................................................................................112.4Jane'sLoveWasPureandSincere,andSheEndeavoredtoPursueIdealLoveAllAlong....................................................................15IV.Conclusion..........................................................................................21Bibliography.............................................................................................26AbstractThefamousnovelJaneEyreisthemagnumopusofCharlotteBrontewhowasacriticismcomposerinthemetaphaseofthe19thcentury.Atthattime,thenovelstirredthewholeliteraryworldanduptonow,theinfluenceofthenovelstillexists.Asisknown,TheVictoriaTimeswasmen-centeredandmen-controlledtimes.However,theahead-of-agefemaleconsciousnessandtheindomitablecharacterofJaneEyrechallengedmen'sauthority.JaneEyrewasamarvelousgirlwhowasindependentandadamant,sheneveryieldedtothehardlife,andshewascourageoustobiddefiancetoallthedifficulties.Alsoshewasbraveinstickingupforindependentpersonality,pursuingspiritualfreedomandprotestinghumanequality.Eveninthemodernsociety,Jane'sspiritisstillworthlearning,especiallyherself-esteem,independentconsciousnessandrebelliousspirit.Asamodernfemale,weshouldhaveourownindependentpersonality,buildupourownphilosophytowardslifeandcreateourownlivingvalueswithoutrelyingonothers,justlikeJane.TheessayaimstomakeananalysisofJaneEyre’scharacterfromtheaspectsofpsychology,language,mentalityandaction.KeyWords:personality;volition;spirit;disservice;discrimination;resist;self-esteem;freedom;equalitywithmen;clinginglove著名的小說<<簡愛>>是19世紀(jì)中期英國批判主義作家夏洛蒂博朗特的代表作，當(dāng)時轟動了整個文壇，直到現(xiàn)在這部作品的影響?yīng)q在。眾所周知，維多利亞時代是以男人為中心，男權(quán)至上的時代，但是作者夏洛蒂博朗特筆下女主人公簡愛超前的女性意識以及不善屈服的性格挑戰(zhàn)了男性權(quán)威。她勇敢，堅強(qiáng)，從不屈服于艱辛的生活，并且她敢于向所有的困難宣戰(zhàn)，敢于維護(hù)獨(dú)立人格，敢于追求精神自由及主張人性平等。即便在現(xiàn)代社會，簡愛的精神依然值得借鑒，特別是她的自尊自主，獨(dú)立意識以及反抗精神。作為一名現(xiàn)代女性，我們應(yīng)該如同簡愛一樣擁有獨(dú)立的人格，建立自己的人生觀，以及創(chuàng)造我們自己的生存價值，而非依賴別人。本文將主要從心理，語言，思想，行為等方面對簡愛的形象進(jìn)行剖析。關(guān)鍵詞：人格;意志;精神;虐待;歧視;反抗;自尊;自由;與男人平等;執(zhí)著的愛IIntroductionThenovelJaneEyreisanautobiographicalsaganovel,whichhasbeendescribedas“thefirstmodernnovel,thefirsttoenvelopthelifeofaplainordinarywomanwithromance”.1TheauthorCharlotteBronteadoptedthedescriptivemethodofthefirstperson,andsheinterwoveherownexperiencescloselywiththeheroine's(楊建民,2006),andinthisgreatworks,sheletthefemaleprotagonist—JaneEyreconfideherownjoyanceandsoreness;philosophyandideality;loveandfriendship,whichmadetheopuspossessapproachableandsmooth-spokenartisticcharm,andsothatthereadercanentertheworldofJaneEyreatthefirsthand.Thenovelisprimarilyalovestoryanda"romance"wherewishescometruebutonlyaftertrialsandsuffering.(堵軍,2004)Theauthorsuccessfullydepictedthestrugglinghistoryoftheheroine—JaneEyre,whosepatheticstatuswasquitealikewithCinderellainthefairytale.JaneEyrewasanorphan,herparentwentoutwhenshewasveryyoung,andwhenshebecomeaparentlessinfant,shewastakenbyMr.Reed—herownuncletohisownhouse;andthatinhislastmomentshehadrequiredapromiseofMrs.ReedthatshewouldrearandmaintainJaneasoneofherownchildren.However,Mrs.Reeddidn'tkeepherpromise.Janewastreatedbadlyasaragtagthere.Finally,Janewasintolerabletothelifethereandshedefiedheraunt,theconsequenceofherrebelliousactionwasthat,shewassenttoLowoodOrphanage.Shespenteightyearsthere,sixshegainedknowledgeasapupilandtwoasateacher.Duringtheeightyears,shetriedtomakefriends,toearnrespectandwinaffection.However,shedidn'tgetwhatshehadbeenexpecting—simplybeingregardedasacommonperson,justthesameasanyothergirlaround,butthesufferingsfrombeinghumiliatedanddevastatedtaughthertobeperseveringandcourageousoveranythingelse.Asaresultofrevoltingtheruthlessoppressionandbaldroutinethere,JanegotachancetobeagovernesstoalittleFrenchgirlinThornfieldthroughadvertising.ThereshemadeacquaintanceoflovelyAdeleandtheownerofThornfield—Mr.Rochester,whowasamanwithwarmheartdespiteacoldfaceoutside.Mr.Rochesteronceabandonedhimselfinmanycountries,seekingrestinexile:happinessintheheartlesssensualpleasure,suchasdullsintellectandblightsoffeeling.Heart-wearyandsoul-witheredimpelledhimcomehomeafteryearsofvoluntarybanishment.(Bronte,2003:217)Alongwithin-depthacquaintance,JaneandRochesterfellinlovewitheachother.Janeexpectedtochangethelifefromthenon,butfatehaddecidedotherwise.Whentheysteppedintothechurchandheldtheirwedding,amanturnedup,hetoldthetruththatMr.RochesterhadalegalwifewhohadbeenmadforseveralyearsandthenshuttingupinthetopatticofThornfield.Themanwasjustthemadlady'sbrother.Theirmarriagecouldn'tbeadmittedbythelaw.ThenJaneknewthatRochester'soriginalwifewastheshadowfollowingMr.Rochesterandledtohismoodinessallthetime,andshedidwanttogiveRochesterahand.However,shedidn'twanttobetrayherownprinciples,sosherefusedtobehismistress,andshemadeuphermindtoleaveThornfieldandbeginhernewexistenceinanewandstrangeenvironment.Thensheleftwithoutenoughmoney,sothecoachmanhadtosetherdownataplacecalledWhitcross.Thereshenearlydiedofhungerandlackofshelter.ShewasfinallyhelpedbyamissionarycalledMr.StJohnandhistwokind-heartedsisters.Shemadefriendswiththemandshefoundanewjobasateacher.ItwassubsequentlyfoundthatJanewasrelatedtothethreekind-heartedpeople'sfamily,astheirmotherwasJane'sfather'ssister.Whatismoreunexpectedwasthat,Janefoundthatshestillhadarichuncle.Whenherunclepassedaway,leavingherhisentirefortune—alargeamountofmoney,shedivideditequallywithherthreecousins,Mr.StJohnandhistwosistersandshepreparedtoleadacloseandaffectionatelifewiththenewfamilyunit.Mr.StJohnthoughtthatJanewouldbesuitabletobeamissionary'swife,soheaskedJanetomarryhim,butJanerefused.AndfinallyshedecidedtoreturntoThornfield.Onherwayback,shelearntthataftersheleft,themadladysetfiretothehouseandthencommittedherself.TheThornfieldHallbecameashandinordertosaveher,Mr.Rochesterlostoneofhisarmsandbecameblind.Janedidn'tdislikeandavoidhimforthereasonofhisdisabilities,shechosetostaywithhimforever.Attheendofthestory,JanemarriedtoRochesterandtheyledahappylifefromthenon.ItseemsasifJane'sFortune'swheelwasalwaysdoomedwithfrustrationandcrucifixion.Sheiswanandscrubby,withnobeautyfoundinherbody,andalsosheisaforsakenandpoorgirlwithnostatusinthesocietyatthattime,andshewasevendiscriminatedandteasedeverywhere.Suchaneffeminategirlappearedtoundergoalltheadversities.TheGodseemedtochastenthislarrupinggirlbydesign.Thereforeshewasnotendowedwithbeautifulappearance,sweetvoiceandhighsocialstatus,onthecontrary,shewasdeliveredwithagoodmanytribulationsinherlifeandsetbacksinherbodyandmind.Accordingtowereaders'pointsofview,lifetoJanewasnotajoyoflife,butanannealofspiritandwill.AndwebelievethatifanothergirlstoodinJane'spositionintheVictoriaTimes,thegirlmaydropthehopeoflifeforthereasonthatshecouldn'tbearthehardship,orshemaycontortherpersonalityintheinfluenceofothers'assimilation.Janemadeanexception,shewasamiracle,andshewasnotbankruptinherconfidencetowardslifebecauseofthemiseriesshehadencountered.Instead,whensuccessivedifficultiesbefelltoJane,sheputaboldfrontonallthelurchesandsufferingsandsheenvisagedandconfrontedtherelentlessworldperversely.(堵軍,2004:121)Justastheoldsayinggoes,whenGodcloseadoorforyou,inthevicinity,hewillopenawindowforyou.Godisfair,althoughhecreatedthemiserablefateofJane,heenduedJanewithlarrupingtemperament,braveheartandsteelywill,howpreciousthesearetoafemale.JaneEyrewassuchagirlwhowasindependentandadamant,sheneveryieldedtothehardlife,andshewascourageoustobiddefiancetoallthedifficulties.Andalsoshewasbraveinstickingupforindependentpersonality,pursuingspiritualfreedomandprotestinghumanequality.TheimageofJanehadbeenattractingnumerousreaderswiththepoweroftheaestheticfeelingtakenoninherspiritandmorality.Whatismore,Janesetagoodexampletocountlesswomen,andmadethefemalesallaroundtheworldobtaintheessenceofloveandedificationoflife.Eveninthemodernsociety,Jane'sspiritisstillworthlearning,especiallyherself-esteemandindependentconsciousness.Inmyopinion,thesetwomeritsarethefoundationstoneofallothervirtues.WemodernfemalesshouldlearnfromJane,enrichourheartandcreateourownvalues,tobeself-respectable,tobeindependentandtobeinner-directed.ThisessaywillmakeananalysisofthecharacterofJaneEyrefrommanyaspects,suchaspsychology,language,mentalityandaction.II.TheanalysisofJaneEyre'sCharacter2.1JaneEyreWasaKind-heartedGirlWhoWasFullofGoodnessandForgivenessintheCocklesofHerHeartNobodycandenythatJaneEyrewaskind-heartedandcharitable.Forinstance,whenMr.RochestertoldJanethatthelittleFrenchgirlAdelewasactuallyanillegitimateoffspringofaFrenchopera-girlwhohadbeenhismistressoncebefore,hethoughtthatJaneEyrewouldchangeherattitudetowardsthepatheticorphan,thinkdifferentlyofthelittlegirlandlookdownuponher,butinfact,JaneEyreclungclosertoherandgavehermorelovethanbefore.AnotherexamplecanattestJaneEyre'sbenevolencewasthatalthoughMrs.Reedtreatedherbadlyinherchildhood,whenshewasinherlastmoment,JaneEyreforgotallthevicesshehadsufferedfromMrs.Reedandstillwentbacktothegruesomeplacetolookintheoldladywithouthesitation.WhenJanemetMrs.Reedagain,shehadonlycommiserationtotheailinglady.ThereMrs.ReedtoldJaneoneimportantthing,thatis,threeyearsago,Jane'suncle—JohnEyrewholivedinMadeirawrotealettertoMrs.ReedandwishedthatshewouldsendhimtheaddressofJane.Intheletter,themansaidthathewasunmarriedandchildless,sohewantedtoadoptJaneduringhislifeandbequeathherathisdeathwhateverhemighthavetoleave.However,Mrs.ReeddislikedJanesofixedlyandthoroughlyeverthatshedidn'twanttolendahandinliftingJanetoprosperity.ThenshewrotealetterbacktoJane'suncle,shesaidthatJanehaddiedoftyphusfeveratLowoodInstitution.JustbecauseofMrs.Reed'scheekyanddisgustingconduct,Janelostagoodchancetochangeherfate,butJanedidn'tdetestMrs.Reed,onthecontrary,shecomfortedtheillladyceaselessly.LookatwhatshesaidtoMrs.Reedwhensheheardofthat—“DearMrs.Reed,thinknomoreofallthis,letitpassawayfromyourmind.Forgivemeformypassionatelanguage;Iwasachildthen;eight,nineyearshavepassedsincethatday.”2“Ifyoucouldbutbepersuadedtothinknomoreofit,aunt,andtoregardmewithkindnessandforgiveness.”3However,thestubbornladydidn'tchangeherattitudetowardsJane,eventillherdeath,whichmadeJaneafflictive.However,throughthisthing,theimageofJanewouldbegreaterineveryone'sheartbecauseofherbenevolenceandtolerance.Andthegoodnesscanbealsoreflectedwhenshegainedalargeamountofheritagefromheruncle,shesharedequallywiththethreecousins—Mr.StJohnandhistwokind-heartedsisters,whomsheacknowledgedintheplacenamedWhitcross.Themoneywouldletherthreerelativesleadacomfortablelifeafterwards.Ithinkthatthekind-heartedpeoplealwaysvolunteertomakeself-sacrificeforothers'happiness,andJaneEyredid.2.2BravenessandAdamancyAlsoBelongedtoJane'sVirtues,andBecauseofThoseMerits,JaneWasTraitorousandSheDaredtoRebelagainstAlltheUnfairSufferings.WhenJanewasinherchildhood,herparentswentoffandshewasraisedbyheraunt—Mrs.Reed,theonlyrelativeshehad.InGatesheadHall,everyonetreatedherbadly,eventhemaids.TheyallthoughtJanetobe“anunderhandlittlething,abadgirlwithtoomuchcover”(Bronte,2003:9).Janeonceendeavoredingoodearnesttoacquireamoresociableandchildlikedisposition,amoreattractiveandsprightlymanner.However,allJohnReed'sviolenttyrannies,allElizaandGeorgiana'sproudindifferences,allMrs.Reed'saversionandalltheservants'partialityalwayswoundedherself-esteem,andfinallyenragedher.Shewasonlytenyearsoldatthattime,butshemadestrongresistancestotheirdisservices.Iwouldliketotakesomeexamplesasfollows:WhenshewasbeatenbyJohnReedwithoutreason,sherebukedtheruffianboyloudly,“Wickedandcruelboy.Youarelikeamurderer—youarelikeaslave—driver—youareliketheRomanemperors!”4Whenshewasjailedintheredhousebyheraunt,herinnerworldwaspresentedlikethis,“‘Unjust!Unjust!’saidmyreason,forcedbytheagonizingstimulusintoprecociousthoughtransitorypower;andResolve,equallywroughtup,instigatedsomestrangeexpedienttoachieveescapefrominsupportableoppression—asrunningaway,orifthatcouldnotbeeffected,nevereatingordrinkingmore,andlettingmyselflie.Whataconsternationofsoulwasminethatdrearyafternoon!Howallmybrainwasintumult,andallmyheartininsurrection!Yetinwhatdarkness,whatdenseignorance,wasthementalbattlefought!Icouldnotanswertheceaselessinwardquestion-whyIthussuffered,now,atthedistanceof—Iwillnotsayhowmanyyears,Iseeitclearly.”5WhenMrs.ReedsaidtoJohnoneday—“Itoldyounottogonearher;sheisnotworthyofnotice;Idonotchoosethateitheryouoryoursistersshouldassociatewithher”6,Janeheardofallwhatshesaid,thenshecriedoutsuddenly,andwithoutatalldeliberatingonherwords—“Theyarenotfittoassociatewithme.”7InordertosendJanetoLowoodOrphanage,whenMr.Brocklehurst—thepresidentofthatinstitutioncame,Mrs.ReedstigmatizedJaneasagirlwhowasapttotellalie.LittleJanewasquiteangryforthat,thenshegatheredallherenergiesandlaunchedMrs.Reedinthisbluntsentence—“Iamnotdeceitful;ifIwere,IshouldsayIlovedyou;butIdeclareIdonotloveyou;IdislikeyoutheworstofanybodyintheworldexceptJohnReed;andthisbookaboutliar,youmaygivetoyourgirl,Georgiana,foritisshewhotelllies,andnotI.”8AndbeforeJanewassenttoLowoodInstitution,shewasbravetocensureMrs.Reed—“Iamgladyouarenorelationofmine;IwillnevercallyouauntagainsolongasIlive.IwillnevercometoseeyouwhenIamgrownup;andifanyoneasksmehowIlikedyou,andhowyoutreatedme,Iwillsaytheverythoughtofyoumakesmesick,andthatyoutreatedmewithmiserablecruelty.”9ThenMrs.ReedaskedJanehowdaredJaneaffirmthat,Janerespondedlikethis,“HowdareI,Mrs.Reed?HowdareI?Becauseitistruth.YouthinkIhavenofeelings,andthatIcandowithoutonebitofloveorkindness;butIcannotliveso;andyouhavenopity.Ishallrememberhowyouthrustmeback-roughlyandviolentlythrustmeback—intothered-room,andlockedmeupthere.Tomydyingday;thoughIwasinagony;thoughIcriedout,whilesuffocatingwithdistress.‘Havemercy!Havemercy,auntReed!’Andthatpunishmentyoumademesufferbecauseyourwickedboystruckme—knockedmedownfornothing.Iwilltellanybodywhoasksmequestions,thisexacttale.Peoplethinkyouagoodwoman,butyouarebad,hard-hearted.Youaredeceitful.”10Jane'slifeinLowoodOrphanagewasbegunwithpunishmenttoherbodyandinjurytohersoul,thereshewaseducatedinastrictandcruelmanner.ThepresidentofLowoodInstitution—Mr.Brocklehurstoncetoredownhertobealiar,andhecommandedsomeonetoputheronapedestalofinfamytogeneralview.Althoughshecouldn'tbeartheshameofthat,shedidn'tloseherconfidencetolifebecauseofthat.Onthecontrary,shestirredherselfandstruggledforabetterimpressioninothers'heart.Andshebecamemoreandmoreadamanttowardslife.InLowood,JanemadefriendswithHelenwhowasaforbearingandsubmissivegirl.Theircharactersformedavividcontrast.Forexample,whentheirteacherMissScatcherdwhippedHelenwitharod,Helendidnoresistance.ThenJanesaidtoHelen,“IfIwereinyourplaceIshoulddislikeher;Ishouldresisther.Ifshestruckmewiththatrod,Ishouldgetitfromherhand;Ishouldbreakitunderhernose.”11ButHelenrespondedlikethat,“Yetitwouldbeyourdutytobearit,ifyoucouldnotavoidit:itisweakandsillytosayyoucannotbearwhatitisyourfatetoberequiredtobear.”12Afterheardthat,althoughJanemadelittleofwhatHelenhadsaid,shestilltoldHelen,“Agreatdeal:youaregoodtothosewhoaregoodtoyou.ItisallIeverdesiretobe.Ifpeoplewerealwayskindandobedienttothosewhoarecruelandunjust,thewickedpeoplewouldhaveitalltheirownway:theywouldneverfeelafraid,andsotheywouldneveralter,butwouldgrowworseandworse.Whenwearestruckatwithoutareason,weshouldstrikebackagainveryhard;Iamsureweshould—sohardastoteachthepersonwhostruckusnevertodoitagain.”13Fromtheaboveexamples,wecanprovethatJanewasacourageousgirl,whoseconductwassometimestreasonous,andinordertoprotectherself-esteem,shedaredtorebelagainsttheunfairsociety.Janedidn'tdespairbecauseofherpitifulchildhoodandtheinsultsshehadundergone.Insteadofhandwringing,shegainedmoreconfidenceandbravenesstoconfrontthehardlife.2.3SheWasCourageousinVindicatingIndependentPersonalityandSelf-esteem,PursuingSpiritualFreedomandHumanEquality.AfterJanesteppedintotheThornfieldHall,shefellinlovewiththehostofThornfield—Mr.Rochester.Janewasjustapoorgoverness,whileRochesterwasanobleintheupperten.Onaccountofthewidegapbetweentheirsocialclass,theirloveappearedtobeadaringchallengetothesocialprejudice.Jane'slovewasunsophisticated,shethoughtitscorntoRochester'sfortune.Inheropinion,loveshouldbebasedonmentalevenness,notthesocialstatus,wealthorgoodlooks,thentheaffectioncouldbepurifiedandsublimated,thatwastheessenceofmutualloveinherheart.WhenMr.RochesterinvitedJaneandAdeletotaketeawithhiminthedrawingroom,hepropoundedtolookatthepaintingsJanehadoncedrewinLowoodbecausehedoubtedthatsomeofthepaintingswerenotdonebyJane'shand.Afterchecking,heaskedJane,“Wheredidyougetyourcopies?”“Outofmyhead.”“ThatheadIseenowonyourshoulders?”“Yes,sir.”“Hasitotherfurnitureofthesamekindwithin?”“Ishouldthinkitmayhave:Ishouldhope—better.”14Thiswastheirfirstformalconversation.FromthepridefulutteranceandincredulousattitudeofRochester's,wecanseethatRochesterlookeddownuponJane,butJanewasnotindreadofhim,instead,sheshowedherselfwithleisurelinessandconfidencewhencopedwithRochester'skittlequestions.Mr.RochesteronceaskedJane,“Youexamineme,MissEyre,doyouthinkmehandsome?”Janerepliedtothisquestionwithoutanydeliberation,“No,sir.”Sheimmediatelywakeduptoherimpoliteness,thensheadded.“Sir,Iwastooplain;Ibegyourpardon.Ioughttohaverepliedthatitwasnoteasytogiveanimpromptuanswertoaquestionaboutappearances;thattastesmostlydiffer;andthatbeautyisoflittleconsequence,orsomethingofthatsort.”15HercandorandhonestsurprisedMr.Rochester,afterheardofwhatshesaid,heknewthatthegirlshefacedwasnotacommonworkhand,butabrainyfemale,thenhisfavortoJanearousedatonce.ThereforehecouldnarratethesecretofhispassedprivatelifetoJanefrankly,andtheirspiritualcommunicationbegunfromthis.Janeneverthoughtothersweresuperiortoher.WecanciteonepassageJaneoncesaidtoRochestertoattestthat—“Idon'tthink,sir,youhavearighttocommandme,merelybecauseyouareolderthanI,orbecauseyouhaveseenmoreoftheworldthanIhave;yourclaimtosuperioritydependsontheuseyouhavemadeofyourtimeandexperience.”16NobodycandenythecharmofwhatJaneoncesaidtoRochesterasthis,“DoyouthinkIcouldstayheretobecomenothingtoyou?DoyouthinkbecauseIampoorandobscureandplainthatI'msoullessandheartless?Ihaveasmuchsoulasyouandfullyasmuchheart.AndifGodhadgiftedmewithwealthandbeautyIshouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleavemeasitisnowformetoleaveyou.Iamnottalkingtoyounowthroughthemediumofcustom,conventions,norevenofmortalflesh:itismyspiritthataddressesyourspirit;justasifbothhadpassedthroughthegrave,andwestoodatGod'sfeet,equal—asweare!There,Ihavespokenmyheartnow.Letmego.”17AfterJaneagreestomarrytoMr.Rochester,sherefusedtobehisrichhostess,andsherefusedthejewelsandnobleclothes.(王新春,2005:11)Whatismore,shedidn'tgiveupthejobasagoverness,whenRochesteraskedherthatwhatdidshewant,shereplied,“Ionlywantaneasymind,sir;notcrushedbycrowdedobligations.DoyourememberwhatyousaidofCelineVarens?—ofthediamonds,thecashmeresyougaveher?IwillnotbeyourEnglishCelineVarens.IshallcontinuetoactasAdele'sgoverness;bythatIshallearnmyboardandlodging,andthirtypoundsayearbesides.I'llfurnishmyownwardrobeoutofthatmoney,andyoushallgivemenothingbutYourregard;andifIgiveyoumineinreturn,thatdebtwillbequit.”18Andattheendofthenovel,Janeobtainedalargeamountofheritagefromherrichuncle,andwhenshewenttothemanor—houseofFerndeantoaccompanythedisabledRochester,shesaid,“Iamanindependentwomannow,aswellasIamrich,Iammyownmistress!”19Fromtheexamplesshowedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthatJanewasanintelligentand