2017

SectionⅠUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding（1）helyoufeelcloseand（2）topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa（3）ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou（4）gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy（5）over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs（6）theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelothecommoncoldafterbeing（7）tothe.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome（8）withacold,andtheresearchers（9）thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging（10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.morefrequenthugshadlesssevere（12）."Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe（13）riskforcoldsthat'susually（14）withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie,Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelp（15）thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp（16）difficulty."Someexperts（17）thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"（18）itpromotesattaentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit（19）inthebrain,whereit（20）mood,behaviorand B．restrictedC．connected B．host B．a(chǎn)ffecting A．on A．devotedB．a(chǎn)ttractedC．lost 10.A．servedB．restored C．exinedD．required B．StillC．Rather 12.A．defeatsB．symptomsC．errorsD．tests13.A．highlightedB．increasedC．controlled B．equippedC．a(chǎn)ssociatedD．compared15.A．a(chǎn)ssessB．generateC．moderateD．record16.A．inthenameof B．intheformof C．inthefaceof D．inthewayof 【答案】itturnsoutthathugs…”說明擁抱還有其他結(jié)果。因此，【答案】【解析】本題實為邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)“helyoufeelcloseand2【答案】【答案】awarmembracemightevenhelpyou（4）gettingsickthiswinter.”even，A【答案】study及、卷入400D【答案】【解析】本題為固定搭配。根據(jù)句義“examinedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs（6）theparticipants'…”考查固定搭配“examinedtheeffects…onsth”因此，本題正確選項為A?！敬鸢浮俊窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)句義“commoncoldafterbeing（7）tothe.A．devoted（致力于）B．a(chǎn)ttracted（吸引）C．lost（丟失）D．exposed(于)，D選項“在細菌中…”符合文意?！敬鸢浮縞old（感冒）搭配，C選項“得感冒”搭配最為合理。【答案】【解析】本題為動詞與賓語從句搭配問題。根據(jù)原文“theresearchers（9）thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging（10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.”動作的主語是看，賓語從句部分應(yīng)為研究人員計算推測出的結(jié)果。因此，選項D符合要求。【答案】“the （10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.”本題同樣考查研究人員做出的研究結(jié)果，因，C【答案】輯，下文是對上進一步說明，因此選擇遞進關(guān)系比較符合邏輯關(guān)系。D為正確選項。【答案】theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere（12severe構(gòu)成合理搭配，再結(jié)合前文【答案】【解析】本題為形容詞修飾。根據(jù)原文"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfrom（13）riskforcoldsthat'susually（14）withstress,"，需要選擇一個形容詞來修飾【答案】C.【答案】【解析】此題考查動賓搭配。根據(jù)原文“Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelp feeling…thefeelingB。16A．inthenameofB．intheformofC．inthefaceofD．intheway【答案】應(yīng)為“面對”搭配最為合理。因此，正確選項為C?！敬鸢浮俊窘馕觥看祟}為固定搭配題。即：attributesthtosth【答案】然）D．until（oftencalled"thebondinghormone"（18）reationships,（）B【答案】（）D．decreases（減少）結(jié)合語境信息“Butsomeofit（19）inthebrain,”C和DB選項只表示一種動作。A選項表示它仍然在大腦里存在，最A(yù)。whereit （20）mood,behaviorand【答案】“where 響”因此正確選項為D。SectionⅡReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvance peopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhas e—butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthattheernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw. ingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintongsodirectly,byheltofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.ItislongpasttimetomaketheprogramThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedexinAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritystresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityhighlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyWhichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorNewrestrictionsoncarry-onThedecliningefficiencyoftheAnincreaseinthenumberofFrequentunexpectedsecretTheword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningOneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramadramaticreductionofitsitswrongly-directed ernment’sreluctancetobackanunreasonablepriceforWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheLessScreeningforMorePreCheck–aBelatedGettingStuckinSecurityUnderusedPreCheck答案：21-25答案【A】exinAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecurity解析：本題目為例證題，論點與論據(jù)。根據(jù)題干thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804定位到第二段第二句。例證題中的例子為論據(jù)，所要找的答案為論點，而論點在論據(jù)之前，因此該題目的答案是第二段的第一句話。二段首句說的是A的American’stolerance是原文Americansarewillingtotolerate的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，currentsecuritycheckstime-consumingsecurityBurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwideworldwideCmajorU.S.majorairports屬于具體信息的干擾；選項D的privacy隱私并未提及，是性干擾。答案【C】Anincreaseinthenumberoflongwaitsatmajorairports定位到原文resultedin與題干中的contributedto是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，所以定C的anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers是原文ariseinairlinetravelA的carry-onbagsBTSAefficiency也出現(xiàn)在第四段；選項Dunexpectedsecretchecks未提及。解析：本題目為詞義句意題，上下文邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)題干，定位到第5段第3句，“Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanessavingtimeforeveryoneinvolved，即可以節(jié)省時間的安檢，與選項對應(yīng)就是答案Dfaster更快。干擾項AB更便宜，選項C更廣泛，都無關(guān)，屬于性干擾。答案【D】anunreasonablepricefor解析：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干problemwiththePreCheckprogram定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第二句話thispricetaghasbeenthePreCheck’sfatalflaw.本句中的代詞this代詞指代本段第一句話，說的是Passengers必須每五年pay85來做backgroundchecks。正確答案D中的unreasonableprice是原文的85，enrollmentprocessbackgroundchecksA其規(guī)模的極具下滑未提及，選項C其錯誤的執(zhí)行屬于過度推理，選項C不愿意支持是對原文的曲答案【C】GettingStuckinSecurity解析：本題目為全文主旨題。全文的中心出現(xiàn)在第一段和二段首句的范圍。第C安檢流程線陷入困境是對原文的總結(jié)概括。干A的ScreeningBDPreCheck是原文最后Text“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.shaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT'snnedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfulescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofournet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontoescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggerescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassembleallescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizetheescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberofescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe edonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleoftheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinherMaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueitsgeographicalitsprotectiveitsreligiousitsexistingTheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlyitmayriskruiningtheirinlectualitremindsthemofahumiliatingtheirculturewillloseachanceoftheyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sisfulfillingthedreamsofancienthelpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrossthemayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianwilleventuallysoftenHawaiians’Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneseverepassiveslightfull答案：26-30答案【B】theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiianindicate的內(nèi)容是在第一段的第二句話，意思是觀星者是在HawaiianBtheimportanceofastronomy是原文starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembers的總結(jié)概括，inancientHawaiiansocietyA的historicalroleCregrettabledecline未提及，過度推理，選項Dinhertime，是她評論ancient答案【A】itsgeographical解析：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的大寫字母MaunaKea，以及idealastronomicalsiteBut后面的內(nèi)容。ButMaunaKea是世界上最homeMaunaKea的頂峰高于大部分的濃密大氣層。選項Ageographicalfeatures就是地質(zhì)特色的意思，屬于同義替換。干擾項B的受保護的周邊環(huán)境未提及，是性干擾；選項C的暗示根據(jù)本段首句worship進行干擾，不在定位句里；選項D現(xiàn)有的答案【B】itremindsthemofahumiliating解析：本題目屬于原因細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干theconstructionoftheTMT以及opposedbysomelocals定位到第四段第二句，這里提到apainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation，對曾經(jīng)主權(quán)國家遭占領(lǐng)的痛苦提醒。選項B中的remind是原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，ahumiliatinghistory（令人的歷史）是theoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation的同義轉(zhuǎn)化及總結(jié)概括。答案【C】mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiian解析：本題目屬于細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第5段，progressintoday’sandourtrueancestralhomes的同義轉(zhuǎn)化。干擾項A的dreamsBworld答案【D】full解析：第一段第二句Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.意思是，可的處境具體指什么？在下一句清楚地說明了shaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionize一句里也有作者態(tài)度的線索Thereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe edonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.意思是說有人跑到你們那兒去，接受的文化遺產(chǎn)，去看星星看月亮，為毛不歡迎？咳咳，正經(jīng)D。TextRobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedmakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavetodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety, eequalityandThisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducation es–allthingsthatcontributetoa 'ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butmakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.[B]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedinthe[D]makersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoWhichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsGDP.[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson[B]GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP[D]Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being答案：31-35答案【D】hadalowopinionof解析：題目問的是Robert被是因為什么。根據(jù)題目中的人名定位到第一段第一句話RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”GDP可以衡量所有東西，除了讓生活有Robert對GDP持不欣賞的態(tài)度。Dalowopinion不高的評D。答案【C】GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedinthe解析：題目明確說了從第二段中找答案。Aeconomicpattern在原文中沒有直接的表達，但在二段末句·peoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?中，原文有提到人們投票脫歐，盡管有很多人警告他們這樣做可能會對國家經(jīng)濟前景有影響。這說明英國人不怕改變現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟狀況，因此與A中的reluctant不情愿不相符。B選項中英國對世界經(jīng)濟的貢獻問題，在第二段中完全沒提，只有theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworldGDP讓西方世界嫉妒的表述。C選項說GDP用來衡量的作用以及被英國人普遍否定了。原文中第二段第二句說itisaflawedconcept，認(rèn)為GDPItmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo表面GDP其實忽視了很多關(guān)鍵的東西，并不能衡量。第四句、UKGDP很好，但是人們卻要脫歐來改變現(xiàn)狀，暗示人們的生活的makers，更沒有談過其是否關(guān)注GDP。答案【D】Itsresultsare解析：這題根據(jù)題干中的recentannualstudy定位到第三段第一句Arecentannualstudyandshedssomelightonthatquestionshedlighton短語就是照亮，闡釋的意思，跟Denlighten啟發(fā)是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此為正確答案。答案【C】itisessentialtoconsiderfactors,說明GDP不靠譜，第二句Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactors·thatcontributetoa senseofwell-being說明GDP沒有包含所有個人的要素。最后一段最后一句Butmakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.也明確說了制定政策的人要關(guān)注提高福利而不是簡單關(guān)注GDP數(shù)字這些句子都與C選項factorsGDP相符答案【A】HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUK解析：第一段第一句就名人名言，說GDP是不靠譜的，第二句就拿英國脫歐舉例，說itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto，表明英國脫歐證明他說得有道理，GDP高，但是人們要搞事——脫歐，說明人們?nèi)兆硬籭ndicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavetodecline。第五段直接說富裕國家要引以為戒：Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn。所以整篇文章的就是GDPA選項正好包括了這三個要素，HighGDP,InadequateWell-being和aUKlessonA。TextInarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiaernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutofroma seekingaccesstoernment.Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strailfailedtolajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformerernor’sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“ThebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativewroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”Buttherulingreinstheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstoernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoyfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesandonationora algift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-endlawsinernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety–thatallareequalintreatmentbyernment-isundermined.ernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachThecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialTheunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthattheavoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’smadenocompromiseinconvictingwascontemptuousofMcDonnell’srefusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sAccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitconcretereturnsforgift-sizablegainsintheformofleakingsecretsbreakingcontractsThecourt’srulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsallowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirqualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticjustifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirexemptfromconvictiononthechargeof dlawsinernmenttransparencyareneededawakentheconscienceofguaranteefairyinofficialallowforcertainkindsofinspirehopesinaverageTheauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’sruling答案：36-40答案【C】wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’s解析：根據(jù)題干中的Theunderlinedsentence(para.1)，可以快速的回到原文精確定位到第一段的劃線句子，Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAuto fromaseekingaccessto ernment.聯(lián)系文章第一句話，雖然沒有判定RobertMcDonnell罪，但是holdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,即，在道德上卻對他的行為嗤之以鼻。由此可以鎖定C選項中的wascontemptuousof其實非常輕視RobertMcDonnell的話說的是從道德的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評論RobertMcDonnell的行為。答案【B】sizablegainsintheformofButunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecallorhostinganeventisacontractorregulation,如果提供的不是具體的好處，僅僅只是：arrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganevent,那么這種行為就不是。由此可以得出答案為A.答案【A】allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheir解析：根據(jù)題干中的Thecourt’srulingisdontheassumption可以鎖定文章的第五段，“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativeernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”可以知道，的裁定是建立聽取其選民的意見，按照他們的利益行事。所以原文中的constituentsA選項的supportersA答案【B】guaranteefairyinofficial解析：根據(jù)題干中的Well-endlawsinernmenttransparency可以鎖定文章的第六段Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-endlawsin ernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.但是從這句話中找不到所需的信息，從thistypeof可以知道這句話與前面的句子聯(lián)系緊密，因而可以追溯到這一段的第一句話，Buttherulingrein stheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccessto ernment.力度需要加強市民及其當(dāng)選代表，而不是獲得接近的的機會。equality與B選項的fairy相對應(yīng)，因此選B.解析：本題的是態(tài)度題，從文中最后一句話:Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.可以看出作者認(rèn)為的裁定是進步的：astepforward，，因此可以看出作者對此的態(tài)度是supportive.sarcastic:尖酸的，挖苦的；tolerant：寬容的，的；skeptical：懷疑的。PartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10Thefirstpublishedsketch,"ADinneratPolarWalk"broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazineFromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname"Boz"inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becauseanationalfigure.SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famous Seymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,DickenswrotetotheandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfelt,wasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanew.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines.DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishNavyPayoffice--arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken'smothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDicken'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertydDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas"theyounggentleman."Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather'simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDickens'sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,hetracesanorphan'sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDickens'asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.【答案】：41題取決于給出的首段D選線。D選項起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的作用，主要對進以及他的作品進行了總體的評價和概括對于大多數(shù)人來說是英國知名的、偉大的小說家，他是F選項首句出現(xiàn)DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast，各位考生要把握wasborn出生這個。因此，41題選擇F選項。：4241FF選項的后面一部分。我們認(rèn)真研讀F選項的后半段一直在介紹童年經(jīng)歷中他父親所起到的作用，介紹他的父親由于被關(guān)進了這給帶了羞恥感以及后面他在黑工廠做工的經(jīng)歷對他性格的選項的后面。所以，42題選擇E選項。【解析】43題取決于42題E選型的尾句，E選項的前半句說找到了一份文職的工AtthesametimeDickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines，大概意思說他開始用語言記錄周圍的人和生活，尤其是幽默的和奇怪的，形成了一些magazinesketchesAThefirstpublishedsketch,ADinneratPolarWalk"broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazineFromthenonhissketches,magazinesketches。因此，42A選項。【答案】【解析】44題取決于43題A選項的尾句，A選項的尾句說道用"Boz"這個筆名開始byBozappeared，這里我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)他的筆名，原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此，44C選項?！敬鸢浮俊窘馕觥?5GG選項是否適合放在最后一段，用什GPickwickafter。因此，45G選項。

SectionIIIReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld`sprimarylanguageforinternationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceof