時態(tài)解說：此刻達成時之青柳念文創(chuàng)作1）此刻達成時往常示意過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)達成的某一動作對此刻造成的影響和成就.說話人重申的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的成就或影響.Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.I’msurewe’vemetbefore.Shehasarrived.她到了.

我女兒剛出去.我必然我們從前見過面

.2）示意初步于過去并連續(xù)到此刻的動作或狀態(tài)，常常和包含此刻在內(nèi)的示意一段時間的狀語連用，如

recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet等.如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒有收到她的信.Wehaven’tseenyourecently.近來我們沒有見到你Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們分開已經(jīng)兩

.年了.ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.3）.此刻達成時還能夠用來示意過去的一個時間到此刻這段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.6.havebeento和havegoneto的差別havebeento重申“去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那處，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美國去過三次.（過去“到美國”，此刻已“不在美國”）havegoneto主要重申的是“去了”，此刻人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如：--Where'syourmother?--你媽媽在哪？--Shehasgonetothehospital.--她去醫(yī)院了.一布局必然句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其余否認句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞+其余一般疑問句：have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其余Yes,主語+have/has.No,主語+have/has+not特別疑問句：特別疑問詞+have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其余常和此刻達成時一同連用的時間狀語注意:.此刻達成時不克不及獨自與正確時間連用，(如示意過去的時間狀語）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.此刻達成時常常同示意不確立的過去時間狀語連用如already（必然）,yet（否認，疑問）,just,before,recently,still,lately，Just,already,yet,ever,never,before,twice(

重復性時間

)

，

for+

短時間，since+點時間，sofar,howlong句中.......Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?

發(fā)問的疑問2.此刻達成時經(jīng)常與示意頻度的時間狀語連用

,如ever,never,twice,severaltimes

等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.此刻達成時還常常能夠同包括此刻時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.三當此刻達成時與示意短時間的時間狀語連用時，謂語動詞一定使用連續(xù)性動詞.假如謂語動詞是非連續(xù)性動詞則轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷倪B續(xù)性動詞.若不是和短時間連用，則不用轉(zhuǎn)變.英語的行為動詞有連續(xù)性動詞和瞬時性動詞之分，使用中應注意兩者的差別.連續(xù)性動詞:示意一個動作能夠連續(xù)一段時間或更長時間.稀有的study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep等.瞬時性動詞:示意一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬時，特別短暫.亦稱停止性動詞.稀有的--begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等瞬時性動詞在達成時中如要與示意連續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，往經(jīng)常使意圖思相當?shù)倪B續(xù)性動詞來替代Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.（他參軍已有3年了.）不用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.（她起床已有許久了.）不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（離家已有許久了嗎？）不用hasleft經(jīng)常使用瞬時動詞相應連續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系：1、go—beaway2、come—behere3、comeback—beback4、leave—beaway（benothere）5、buy—have6、borrow—keep7、die——bedead8、begin——beon9、finish—beover10、open——beopen11、close——beclosed12、lose——belost13、gettoknow—know14、turnon—beon15、getup——beup16、sitdown—sit/beseated17、join—bein（）或beamember18、become—be瞬時動詞的否認形式能夠與示意一段時間的狀語連用比如：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.（許久沒見到你了.）四差別下邊三組詞Havebeento示意去過某地方，可是此刻已經(jīng)回來Havegoneto示意去了，還未回來Havebeenin示意向來在某個地方五此刻達成時和一般過去時的差別此刻達成時用來示意從前已發(fā)生或達成的動作或狀態(tài)，其成就確實和此刻有接洽.動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響此刻還存在；而一般過去時示意過去的事實，不示意和此刻的關(guān)系.IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的.過去時示意過去某時發(fā)生的動作或純真表達過去的事情，重申換作；此刻達成時為過去發(fā)生的，重申過去的事情對此刻的影響，重申的是影響.過去經(jīng)常與詳盡的時間狀語連用，而此刻達成時通常與恍然的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語.一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,詳盡的時間狀語共同的時間狀語

:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once

，before,

already,

recently

，

lately此刻

完

成時

的時

間狀語for,

since,

so

far,

ever,

never,

just,

yet,till

/

until,

up

to

now,

in

past

years,

always,六此刻達成時的反義疑問句的布局主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞+其余，have/has+not+主語主語+have/has+not+動詞過去分詞+其余，have/has+主語七此刻達成時考點例析一、觀察其組成助動詞have(has)+動詞過去分詞"組成此刻達成時.如：1.Kate'sneverseenChinesefilms，____?A.hasn'tsheB.hassheC.isn'tsheD.isshe析：陳說句部分含否認詞never,簡單問句部分要用必然式，又因Kate's是Katehas的縮寫，應選B.Hisunclehasalreadypostedthephotostohim.(改為否認句)Hisuncle______postedthephotostohim______.析：already經(jīng)常使用在必然句中，yet經(jīng)常使用在否認句、疑問句中，故填hasn't,yet.析："so+助/系/神態(tài)動詞+主語"布局中的動詞形式應與前句布局中動詞形式堅持一致，又后句的主語為herparents是復數(shù),應選D.二、觀察其用法與標志詞(一)當句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等時，經(jīng)常使用此刻達成時.如：1.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-______you______yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishD.Have;finished-______you______anywherebefore?-Yes,butIcan'trememberwhereI______A.Did;surf;surfedB.Have;surfed;surfedC.Did;surf;havesurfedD.Have;surfed;havesurfed析：據(jù)

yet

和

before

可知,

應用此刻達成時，故

1題選

D，2題選

D.(

二)

當句中有

"for+

段時間

"或"since+

點時間

"等時，主句經(jīng)常使用此刻達成時，謂語動詞一定是連續(xù)性動詞，若是非連續(xù)性動詞，要改為連續(xù)性動詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語).如：HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.C.sincefor

D.析：主句用的是此刻達成時，而從句用的是一般過去時，應選

C.2.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslent

B.hasborrowed

C.hasbought

D.hashad析：

A、B、C均為非連續(xù)性動詞，在必然句中不與表

"段時間"的短語連用，應選D.3.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.A.didn'treceiveB.haven'tgotdidn'thaveD.haven'theard析：據(jù)since可知，應排除A、C，"hearfromsb.=receive/get/havealetterfromsb."意為人的來信"，應選B.三、觀察have/hasbeen(to,in)/have/hasgone(to)

C."收到或

的差別.

如：1.-Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?-Yes,Ihave.A.wentto

B.goneto

C.beenin

D.beento析：據(jù)句中的

have，排除

A，B項意為

"去某地了

"，C項意為"向來呆在某地"，D項意為"去過某地"，切合題意，應選D.

C.析：此題句中有

"for+

段時間

"布局，據(jù)此可排除

C，B項意為"去過某地

"，分歧題意，

D項缺介詞，應選

A.四、觀察此刻達成時與其余時態(tài)的接洽和差別

.

如：1.Sun'saunthasgonetherefortenyears.(

改成正確的句子

)析：非連續(xù)性動詞與"段時間"連用時，除了把非連續(xù)性動詞改成連續(xù)性動詞外，還可把動詞改為一般過去時或借助句型"It's+段時間+since+從句"停止句子變換.故答案為：Sun'saunthasbeentherefortenyears./Sun'sauntwenttheretenyearsago./It'stenyearssinceSun'sauntwentthere.Susanhasbeeninthiscityformorethantenyears.(改為同義句)________morethantenyears____Susan______tothiscity.析：據(jù)上題剖析，且

since

指引的從句要用一般過去時，故填Itis,since,came.3.Iwon'tgototheconcertbecauseI____myticket.A.lostB.don'tloseC.havelostiscoming

D.析：因我丟了票的動作發(fā)生在過去，并且對此刻造成了我不克不及參加音樂會的成就，切合此刻達成時所示意的含意，應選

C.此刻達成時的演練（一）一、單項選擇1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what’shappenedtohim.Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMr.Li______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.before.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswriting.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven____Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studied

Ｄ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.saw.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.haveＤ.havemad113、—Howlonghaveyou____becomehere?—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.come.Arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.Began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.has

Ｃ.willＤ.Was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgone

Ｂ.went

Ｃ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeenin

Ｂ.havebeentoＣ.havegoneto

Ｄ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?’ttheytheyD.haven’tthey

C.have19hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworklefttheuniversity二、句型變換.1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑問句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對劃線部分提問)havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.Heforayear.(die)（動詞填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(

同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句變換)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同義句變換)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把兩個句子歸并成一個句子)___________________________________________三、漢譯英.我剛才丟了我的化學書.（just）我從前素來沒去過阿誰農(nóng)場.(never)你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？我mm成為一個大學生已經(jīng)三年.他們已去了美國五年了.(for)此刻達成時演練（二）I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?A.come

B.got

C.arrivedbeenMygrandpadied_________.yearsagewas6.tomorrow.D.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.D.that5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.metD.willmeet6.--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomebeenD.haveturned8.TheSmiths_______inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.lived

C.haveC.havebeenD.live9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto10.--____youever____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingIII.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否認句)I__________________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就劃線部分發(fā)問)_____________hecometoschool?3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫)I____just____anewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)We________English____threeyears5.Hehasneversurfed,______________?（改成反意疑問句）6.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對劃線部分發(fā)問)______________havetheybeenhere?7.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die)（動詞填空）8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句變換)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago..Askthequestions1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?3)Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________th