2/11/2023定語(yǔ)從句目錄

CONTENTS定語(yǔ)從句定義01.02.關(guān)系代詞03.關(guān)系副詞非限制性定語(yǔ)從句04.思考：以下短語(yǔ)中哪部分是定語(yǔ)？1.一個(gè)紅的壞蘋(píng)果2.兩個(gè)正在吵架的人3.她說(shuō)劉德華是她曾經(jīng)喜歡的歌手。4.被批評(píng)的員工5.我吃了一個(gè)李明的媽媽給我的蘋(píng)果?？偨Y(jié)：定語(yǔ)，以“白勺的”結(jié)尾，對(duì)被修飾詞起到修飾描述的作用。定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。分類：定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。

關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；

關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why等提示：

關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中有三大作用1.連接作用——連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句。2.替代作用——在定語(yǔ)從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。3.成分作用——在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。

例：Theman(whoisshakinghandswithmyfather)isapoliceman.

分析：該句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞theman，“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中代替先行詞theman，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose：1.that指人指物皆可。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。Heisthemanthatlivesnextdoor.WhereisthemanthatIsawthismorning?Idon’tlikestoriesthathaveunhappyendings.ThedressthatAnnboughtdoesn’tfitherverywell.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose：2.which

指物，也可以指前面句子的部分或全部?jī)?nèi)容。在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴ootballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepenwhichheboughtyesterday.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose：3.who

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.Sheisthegirlwhotheteacheroftenpraises.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose：4.whom

指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷裕诳谡Z(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho來(lái)代替。LiMingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.SheisthestudentwhomMs.Zhangalwayspraises.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose：5.whose

指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關(guān)系，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。特殊情況當(dāng)先行詞指物，但只能用that的情況如下：1.當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞，如anything,everything,nothing,none,one,all,little,few,much等，或先行詞被all,little,few,much,any,only,theevery,every,no等修飾。Allthat

isneededisoil.Finally,thethiefhanded

everytingthat

hehadstolentothepolice.Thisis

theonlyproblemthat

remainstobesettled.2.

先行詞是序數(shù)詞/最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí)，或先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)。Thisis

thefirst/bestfilm

thatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.特殊情況當(dāng)先行詞指物，但只能用that的情況如下：3.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物。Theyoftentalkabout

thepeopleandthethings

thattheylikemost.4.

避免重復(fù)①主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或whichWhich

isthebike

that

youhavelost?Who

istheboy

that

wonthegoldmedal?②兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)用which另一個(gè)用thatTheysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,

which

producedthings

that

couldcausemuchpollution.特殊情況不能用that的情況：在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用that，而用who,whom,which等指代先行詞IsawMaryjustnow,whoseemedveryexcited.2.

介詞后不能用thatThisisthepersontowhomyourfatherspokejustnow.3.當(dāng)先行詞any,few,one(s),anyone,everyone,those,people指人時(shí)，只能用who,不用thatThosewhoarepresentwillhavethechancetoseethefilmstar.4.先行詞本身是that（避免重復(fù)）指人指物做主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)thatwhowhomwhichwhose總結(jié)1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.3.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?4.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?5.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?6.Theman____youtalkedwithjustnowisaworker.

練習(xí)7.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendswithismyfather’sneighbor.8.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?9.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.

10.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.11.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.

12.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?13.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.練習(xí)關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why：1.when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why：2.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。注意先行詞還可以是抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞，如：case,point,situation,circumstance,activity…ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why：3.why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.注意：不要直接看先行詞試比較：A.Iknowaplacewhere（作狀語(yǔ)）wecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/that（作主語(yǔ)）isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen（作狀語(yǔ)）wespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/which（作賓語(yǔ)）wespenttogether.C.Thisisthereasonwhy（作狀語(yǔ)）hewasdismissed（解雇）.Thisisthereasonthat/which（作賓語(yǔ)）heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.1.Thisistheprimaryschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.2.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks______animalsandplantscanbeprotected.3.AprilFool’sDayisatraditionalfestival_______peopleplayharmlessjokesonothers.4.Doyouknowthereason_______hewaslate?5.Icanthinkofmanycases_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwor