（科目代☆考生注意事項(xiàng)答題前，考生須在試題冊(cè)制定位置上填寫(xiě)考生編號(hào)和考生；在答題卡選擇題的答案必須涂寫(xiě)在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)的選項(xiàng)上，非選擇題的答案必須書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡指定位置的邊框區(qū)域內(nèi)。超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效：在草稿紙、試題冊(cè)上答題無(wú)效。（書(shū)寫(xiě)部分必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，字跡工整、筆記清楚；涂寫(xiě)部分必須使用2B鉛筆填涂。（以下信息考生必須認(rèn)真填寫(xiě)是考研英語(yǔ)的，市面上各類(lèi)模擬題（包括名師沖刺預(yù)測(cè)試卷），都只能仿的風(fēng)格，質(zhì)一、資料說(shuō)排版和背單 介紹詳情可“本資料按排版和背單 介紹詳情可“考研”內(nèi)回 查看經(jīng)反饋得知英語(yǔ)試卷排版非統(tǒng)一，有若干省份本頁(yè)面非空考研”內(nèi)回 查看二、考研英語(yǔ)題材命組老師使的材料均選英美主流或書(shū)籍整體言，考研語(yǔ)較多采用濟(jì)、教育、閱讀理解的篇章時(shí)，文字的表述要有曲折，才好設(shè)置題目。文章中若有“超綱”詞，或過(guò)于專業(yè)的術(shù)語(yǔ)，命題老師會(huì)將其替換或做適當(dāng)解釋，以便考生順利閱讀。三、考研英語(yǔ)兩種刷題方1、在初始階段，建議考生按照題型來(lái)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，每做完一部分題目就分析對(duì)錯(cuò)，無(wú)論是否做對(duì)所要解決是：這個(gè)試考的是什？為什么這樣問(wèn)？我為么會(huì) 答？這個(gè)階會(huì)露出你的弱點(diǎn)。然后可以在接下來(lái)的時(shí)間里進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的復(fù)習(xí)，主攻自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。2（通常是下午的14:00—17:00將整套題做完，再對(duì)照答案進(jìn)行分析。這個(gè)階段重點(diǎn)是測(cè)試我們的快速閱讀能力和語(yǔ)篇分析能力，也就是我們的思維訓(xùn)練能否適應(yīng)考研英語(yǔ)的要求。四、考研英語(yǔ)題趨考研英語(yǔ)命題不會(huì)發(fā)生大的變化，在未來(lái)相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間里,考研英語(yǔ)會(huì)繼續(xù)保持目前的模 ，因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)篇都在變化，但命題思路和題目設(shè)置是穩(wěn)定的。考生需要通過(guò)著重分析命題人的思路以及干擾項(xiàng)常見(jiàn)特征，逐步總結(jié)出一套完整的各類(lèi)題考研伴君金榜題名！201881Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreativeandwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence1firm’swork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.2,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentsforthefutureTheresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould5 thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness6 byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.7enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8.Butisitreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest–likesize,industry,andsales–andforindicatorsthataplacewas11tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally12evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Thecorrelationbtweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors13to“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappiness17thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19 executivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.英語(yǔ)（二）試 .1 （共14頁(yè)1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A]In[B]In[C]In[D]In3.[A][B][C]4.[A][B][C][D]5.[A][B][C][D]6.[A][B][C][D]7.[A][B][C][D]8.[A][B][C][D]9.[A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C]14.[A][B][C]15.[A][B][C][D]16.[A][B][C][D]17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A]pray[B]lean[C]give[D]sendSection ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextIt’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers-butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypothesesItsnotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethem esnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’s epopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelosuggestsmoviesbasedonyourThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenext.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn-howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults-applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers-intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes-fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant-theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat-thebetter.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasier completefuturejobremodelthewayofformulatelogicalperfectartworkIndeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsidered careeracademicDeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatiron helpstudentslearnothercomputerhavetobeupgradedwhennewneedimprovingwhenstudentslookforenablestudentstomakbigquickAccordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpected bringforthinnovativecomputerstaylongerintheinformationtechnologyebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedcompetewithafuturearmyofTheword“coax”(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaning TextBiologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens---akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’historicrange.ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened”taggavethefederalernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwestern ernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken’sUndertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopuationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AndigivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“states”remaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies，”Ashesaid.Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoricSomeCongressmembersaretryingblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourtNotsurprisingly,industrygroupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar;environmentalistssayitdoesn’tgofarenough“Thefederalernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,”saysbiologistJayLininger.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandownersThe“threatened”tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit[A]wasagive-into ernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower[D]wentagainstconservationpoliciesItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutediftheyagreetopayasumforcompensation[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperationsAccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin[A]thefederal [C]thelandowners[D]thestatesJayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport[A]industrygroups[B]thewin-winrhetoric[C]environmentalgroups[D]theplanunderchallengeTextThateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully:There’sneveranytimetoread.Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tseemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyou’resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook’sthelastthingyouneedThemodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication…Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption”.Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelyby ingmoreefficient.Infact,“ ingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobeisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoalimmersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”.Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime”.Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too-providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreading esthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedropbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou’re“makingtimetoread,”butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’twork whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernwhatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivewhatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwithwhatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeThe“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressure updatetheirto-domakepassingtimecarrytheirplanspursuecarefreeEberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreading encouragetheefficiencymind-developonlinereadingpromoteritualisticachieveimmersive“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canwork esyourprimarybusinessoftheallthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtyouareabletodropbacktobusinessaftertimecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandThebesttitleforthistextcould HowtoEnjoyEasyHowtoFindTimetoHowtoSetReadingHowtoReadTextAgainstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionaltonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelyhanolderadultstoprioritize alfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose“justgettingstartedinlife”faceatougherclimbthanearliergenerationsinreachingsuchsignpostachievementsassecuringagood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid.”Ican’taffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen.”Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.“Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn’thavecollegedegrees,”Schneidersaid.“Idon’tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.”O(jiān)necross-generationmarkofasuccessfullife tryingoutdifferenthavingafamilywithworkingretirementsettingupaprofitableItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletend favoraslowerlifeholdanoccupationattachimportancetopre-maritalgiveprioritytochildcareoutsidetheTheprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoung eincreasinglyfocusonmaterialisticdependlargelyonpoliticalreachalmostallaspectsofAmericanBothyoungandoldagree good-payingjobsarelesstheoldmademorelifehousingloanstodayareeasytogettingestablishedisharderfortheWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutHefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromHisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforHisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegeHethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitePartBReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)BeHaveAskforDon'toverthinkBeeasilyNoticeExpressyourActYourShoeSizeNotYourAsadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydon'tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctively,andusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsit'stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?Hecries.Whenhe'sangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablyabitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon'tdictateourbehaviours,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.that'saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledgeandexpresswhatwefeelappropriay,andthen-againlikechildren-move.AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn'tstoptalkingaboutit.Toooftenwebelievethatanewjob,biggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshaveverylittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandevenhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhich,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonhappinesslevels.Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith---work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit'simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial,spo