地球運(yùn)動(dòng)4——太陽(yáng)視運(yùn)動(dòng)一、太陽(yáng)周日視運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)質(zhì)地球自轉(zhuǎn)太陽(yáng)直射點(diǎn)回歸運(yùn)動(dòng)太陽(yáng)周日視運(yùn)動(dòng)(太陽(yáng)方位)黃赤交角年/日太陽(yáng)軌跡日出日落太陽(yáng)方位物體影子變化正午太陽(yáng)方位

人站在地球上，不覺(jué)得地球在自轉(zhuǎn)，只看到地球以外的天體的東升西落的運(yùn)動(dòng)，每天旋轉(zhuǎn)一圈。這種相對(duì)于地球自轉(zhuǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)稱(chēng)為天體的周日視運(yùn)動(dòng)。

所有天體都參與這種運(yùn)動(dòng)，太陽(yáng)當(dāng)然也不例外，由于地球自西向東自轉(zhuǎn)，太陽(yáng)相對(duì)地球而言，是自東向西的東升西落運(yùn)動(dòng)，周期為一天。這就是太陽(yáng)的周日視運(yùn)動(dòng)。西東西東二、天球天球：把天空中離我們距離不等的恒星投影到地球外一個(gè)透明的球體，該球體叫天球。方向：由于地球自西向東轉(zhuǎn)，所以站在地球上感覺(jué)天球自東向西旋轉(zhuǎn)二、天球天極：地軸向天球延伸后，在無(wú)窮遠(yuǎn)處與天球交匯的兩個(gè)假想點(diǎn)。對(duì)于地球北極和南極的觀察者來(lái)說(shuō)，北極和南極天極永久地直接出現(xiàn)在頭頂上。當(dāng)?shù)厍蚶@其軸自轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，兩個(gè)天極在天空中保持固定，所有其他天點(diǎn)似乎都圍繞著它們旋轉(zhuǎn)，每天完成一圈。天赤道：地球赤道在天球上的延伸0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北極天球赤道赤緯坐標(biāo)天體周日運(yùn)動(dòng)：由于地球自轉(zhuǎn)，天球上所有天體以垂直于地軸自東向西的方向繞天球周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北極天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律1：整個(gè)太陽(yáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是平行的，與天赤道平行，且冬至-夏至，運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡向北移動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北極天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律2：北極點(diǎn)太陽(yáng)視運(yùn)動(dòng)平行地平面，半年極晝，半年極夜0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北極天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極66.5°66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)天頂赤緯座標(biāo)=+23.5°0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)天頂赤緯座標(biāo)=+23.5°0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)天頂赤緯座標(biāo)=+23.5°0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°西夏至春秋分天球北極冬至南北赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°緯度90-緯度23.5°66.5°90°43°-23.5°+23.5°天球赤道東子午線春分秋分冬至夏至北回歸線23.5°N南回歸線23.5°S赤道0°23.5°66.5°66.5°23.5°南北①②③④北極星(約430光年)66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律3：北回歸線太陽(yáng)視運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡往南偏與地平面夾角90°-23.5°，相互平行，從冬至到夏至，太陽(yáng)視運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡往北運(yùn)動(dòng)。注意日出，日落和正午太陽(yáng)方位。0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天頂赤緯座標(biāo)=+23.5°西夏至春秋分天球北極冬至南北赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°緯度90-緯度23.5°66.5°90°43°-23.5°+23.5°天球赤道東子午線春分秋分冬至夏至66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)思考：北回歸線二分二至日太陽(yáng)日出、日落、地方時(shí)間6：00以及正午太陽(yáng)方位？夏至日：日出東北，正午在頭頂，日落西北春秋分：日出正東，正午在正南，日落正西冬至：日出東南，正午在正南，日落西南三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極23.5°23.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極23.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極23.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°西北東南天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極66.5°90°66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律4：赤道太陽(yáng)視運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡與地平面夾角90°。全年晝夜等長(zhǎng)。0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極天球南極三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極天球南極三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°西天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極天球南極北東南43°90°66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律5：南回歸線太陽(yáng)視運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡整體向北偏。與地平面夾角66.5°。0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極20°66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球赤道赤緯+23.5°赤緯-23.5°夏至春秋分冬至天球北極66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)0°0°+90°+80°+80°+70°+70°+60°+60°+50°+50°+40°+40°+30°+20°+20°+10°+30°+10°-90°-80°-80°-70°-70°-60°-60°-50°-50°-40°-40°-30°-20°-20°-10°-30°-10°天球北極66.5°三、太陽(yáng)周日運(yùn)動(dòng)西北